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© © Alteris Renewables Inc. - Earth Friendly Alteris Renewables Inc. - Earth Friendly Energy Group 2009Energy Group 2009

formerly SolarWrights, WindWrights and Solar formerly SolarWrights, WindWrights and Solar Works, Inc.Works, Inc.

Copyright MaterialsCopyright Materials

Liz ArgoLiz ArgoAlteris Renewables - Outreach & Media Development Alteris Renewables - Outreach & Media Development

DirectorDirector

• Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:

– Understand existing Understand existing

renewable energy renewable energy

optionsoptions

– Understand costs utilizing current local rebate Understand costs utilizing current local rebate programs and tax incentivesprograms and tax incentives

– Understand basic building requirements for Understand basic building requirements for optimal integration of renewable energy solutionsoptimal integration of renewable energy solutions

• Solar ThermalSolar Thermal

• PhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaics • WindWind

• Solar ThermalSolar Thermal

• PhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaics

Magnetic Magnetic DeclinationDeclination

A Successful Solar Energy A Successful Solar Energy Installation favors Installation favors SolarSolar South South

Magnetic Reading of Magnetic Reading of 195 degrees195 degrees

Sun AngleSun Angle

Roof Pitch of 35 degrees Roof Pitch of 35 degrees (8/12) for photovoltaics (8/12) for photovoltaics

45 to 55 degrees 45 to 55 degrees (12/12 or greater) for solar (12/12 or greater) for solar

thermalthermal

Less critical - installation pitch for the sun Less critical - installation pitch for the sun angleangle

Effects of these 2 orientation considerationsEffects of these 2 orientation considerations

Good southern exposure between Good southern exposure between

9AM and 3PM 9AM and 3PM

with with no shadingno shading

Things to check Things to check for:for:

• DormersDormers

• Vent StacksVent Stacks

• TreesTrees

• Hips and ValleysHips and Valleys

• SkylightsSkylights

• TV antennas and satellite TV antennas and satellite dishes.dishes.

• ChimneysChimneys

• Neighboring homesNeighboring homes

Array ObstructionsArray Obstructions

Shading CriticalShading CriticalMuch more so for photovoltaicsMuch more so for photovoltaics

• Solar ThermalSolar Thermal

• PhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaics

• Solar ThermalSolar Thermal

• Solar ThermalSolar Thermal

1. Solar Domestic Hot Water Heating1. Solar Domestic Hot Water Heating

These systems are used to generate hot water for These systems are used to generate hot water for potable means, like bathing, food prep, washing, potable means, like bathing, food prep, washing, etc. There are several different kinds of SDHW etc. There are several different kinds of SDHW heating systems.heating systems.

2. Solar Space Heating Systems2. Solar Space Heating Systems

These systems heat both the domestic hot water These systems heat both the domestic hot water load and provide solar thermal heat for space load and provide solar thermal heat for space heating.heating.

3. Pool Heating3. Pool Heating

These systems are used to extend the usable These systems are used to extend the usable season of a seasonal pool, or to offset the amount season of a seasonal pool, or to offset the amount of fossil fuel used to heat the pool.of fossil fuel used to heat the pool.

10/9/03 16

Solar Domestic Hot Water HeatingSolar Domestic Hot Water Heating

Solar Domestic Hot Water Solar Domestic Hot Water System System How does it work?How does it work?

About 1 About 1 collector per collector per

personperson

Solar Heating: How does it Solar Heating: How does it

work?work?

Same as the domestic hot water heatingSame as the domestic hot water heating systems with the following additions.systems with the following additions.• Because we want the heat during the Because we want the heat during the months of the least amount of solar resource, the following months of the least amount of solar resource, the following

adjustments must be made to the system.adjustments must be made to the system.– Increased collector tilt to gain more energy in the winter months.Increased collector tilt to gain more energy in the winter months.– Choose an evacuated tube collector for greater collector Choose an evacuated tube collector for greater collector

efficiency under cold ambient temps.efficiency under cold ambient temps.– Make provisions for excess heat in the summer months.Make provisions for excess heat in the summer months.

• Increased size of solar thermal storage tank for larger systems.Increased size of solar thermal storage tank for larger systems.

10/9/03 19

Solar Hot Water CollectorSolar Hot Water CollectorEvacuated TubeEvacuated Tube

•Evacuated tubes are more efficient under colder ambient temperatures.•Evac tubes cost more.•Life expectancy of evacuated tubes is less*.

Solar Space HeatingSolar Space Heating55 (or greater) degrees roof 55 (or greater) degrees roof pitch pitch

How much does solar thermal How much does solar thermal cost?cost?

ResidentialResidential• $10,500-12,000 for a two collector system. $10,500-12,000 for a two collector system.

About $1,000 additional for each additional About $1,000 additional for each additional collectorcollector

• Vacuum tube systems will cost moreVacuum tube systems will cost more

CommercialCommercial• Varies considerably depending on size of Varies considerably depending on size of

system and type of systemsystem and type of system

• With the following financial assumptions:With the following financial assumptions:– Federal government tax credit totaling Federal government tax credit totaling

$2,000. $2,000. – National Grid rebate of up to $1,500.00 for its National Grid rebate of up to $1,500.00 for its

gas customers.gas customers.– Life expectancy of the solar thermal system Life expectancy of the solar thermal system

20 years (warrantees for 20 on modules/7 on 20 years (warrantees for 20 on modules/7 on tanks)tanks)

– $200 maintenance charge every 5 years.$200 maintenance charge every 5 years.– Will eliminate about 75% of current fossil fuel Will eliminate about 75% of current fossil fuel

costs to heat water currently.costs to heat water currently.

What is the return on my solar What is the return on my solar domestic hot water investment?domestic hot water investment?

• With the following financial assumptions:With the following financial assumptions:– Federal government tax credit totaling Federal government tax credit totaling

$2,000. $2,000. – National Grid rebate of up to $1,500.00 for its National Grid rebate of up to $1,500.00 for its

gas customers.gas customers.– Life expectancy of the solar thermal system Life expectancy of the solar thermal system

20 years (warrantees for 20 on modules/7 on 20 years (warrantees for 20 on modules/7 on tanks)tanks)

– $200 maintenance charge every 5 years.$200 maintenance charge every 5 years.– Will eliminate about 75% of current fossil fuel Will eliminate about 75% of current fossil fuel

costs to heat water currently.costs to heat water currently.

What is the return on my solar What is the return on my solar domestic hot water investment?domestic hot water investment?

From 5 – 7 year PaybackFrom 5 – 7 year Payback

Appropriate Heating System UseAppropriate Heating System UseApplicable only as low heat Applicable only as low heat supplementsupplement

Will require high Will require high electrical demand due electrical demand due to constant pump to constant pump activity and PV should activity and PV should be strongly consideredbe strongly considered

Extremely Extremely compatiblecompatible

• Geothermal/Geothermal/Heat PumpsHeat Pumps

• Radiant Radiant FloorFloor

Solar Air Heating

ON A ROOF

INTO A

WALL

ON A WALL

Solar Pool HeatingSolar Pool Heating

• Cost effectiveCost effective• Extends swimming systemExtends swimming system• Reduces fossil fuel useReduces fossil fuel use

• Solar ThermalSolar Thermal

• PhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaics

• PhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaics

CSolar PhotovoltaicsSolar Photovoltaics

Gull’s Nest Condominiums – Gull’s Nest Condominiums – 14.75kW 14.75kW

Provincetown, MAProvincetown, MA

Types of PV Types of PV SystemsSystems

1. Utility Interactive Systems- Also known as Grid Tied1. Utility Interactive Systems- Also known as Grid Tied

In these systems the PV array output feeds through an inverter directly In these systems the PV array output feeds through an inverter directly into the utility grid. into the utility grid.

2. Stand Alone Systems2. Stand Alone Systems

In these systems the PV array charges a battery bank. The batteries In these systems the PV array charges a battery bank. The batteries store electricity for non sun periods. Both Direct Current and Alternating store electricity for non sun periods. Both Direct Current and Alternating Current electricity are typically available.Current electricity are typically available.

3. Utility Interactive/Backup System3. Utility Interactive/Backup System

This system combines the two above systems. The PV array connects This system combines the two above systems. The PV array connects through an inverter that can operate as an interfaced inverter or a through an inverter that can operate as an interfaced inverter or a stand alone one. The PV also keeps the backup battery bank charged.stand alone one. The PV also keeps the backup battery bank charged.

Net MeteringNet Metering

Compass Point SchoolCompass Point School

How does PV How does PV

work?work? • Sunlight hits the solar modules and generates DC electricity - which Sunlight hits the solar modules and generates DC electricity - which

flows in series.flows in series.• The disconnect allows for safe isolation of the solar array.The disconnect allows for safe isolation of the solar array.• The DC current flows into an inverter. The DC current flows into an inverter. • The converted power is tied into a dedicated breaker at the The converted power is tied into a dedicated breaker at the

box.box.

How does PV How does PV

work?work?

Inverter & Support Inverter & Support EquipmentEquipment

Interactive inverter Interactive inverter

with backup battery with backup battery

systemsystem

Ground Mounts or Pole Ground Mounts or Pole MountsMounts

Enhancing solar Enhancing solar gain via trackersgain via trackers

• Trackers can typically achieve about 15 to Trackers can typically achieve about 15 to 20% annual solar gain from your array.20% annual solar gain from your array.

• Also provide Also provide summer summer shading to shading to windows to windows to reduce reduce summer summer heat load heat load while while keeping keeping winter solar winter solar resourceresource

Solar Awnings Solar Awnings

Photovoltaic Modules with Photovoltaic Modules with 45s45s

Average PV Installation SizeAverage PV Installation Size

• A home uses between A home uses between 5,000 kwh – 12,000 kwh 5,000 kwh – 12,000 kwh annually annually • Use a divisor of 1.2 to convert Use a divisor of 1.2 to convert kWh to kWkWh to kW• Average size PV system Average size PV system required is between required is between 4kW - 10 kW4kW - 10 kW• @ 200 watts per module, @ 200 watts per module, that’s between 20 - 50 that’s between 20 - 50 modulesmodules• From 360 – 780 square ft.From 360 – 780 square ft.

How much does PV cost?How much does PV cost?

ResidentialResidential

• $8-$10 per DC watt for a grid tie system$8-$10 per DC watt for a grid tie system– Flush roof mount $8-$8.5Flush roof mount $8-$8.5– Ground Mount $9 -$9.5Ground Mount $9 -$9.5– Pole Mount $9-$10Pole Mount $9-$10

• $13-$18 per DC watt for a battery system$13-$18 per DC watt for a battery system

CommercialCommercial

• $7.5-$8 larger systems 40kW -400kW$7.5-$8 larger systems 40kW -400kW

• $8-$10 for 40kW to 3kW$8-$10 for 40kW to 3kW

Tax CreditsTax Credits

Federal – Federal – New as of October 2008New as of October 2008

• 30% of costs – no cap or limit30% of costs – no cap or limit

State - State -

• Massachusetts: $2,000.00Massachusetts: $2,000.00

• Rhode Island: Currently noneRhode Island: Currently none

Massachusetts Residential RebatesMassachusetts Residential Rebates through the Commonwealth Solar Initiativethrough the Commonwealth Solar Initiative

• Residential Rebates ($ per watt (dc))Residential Rebates ($ per watt (dc))• Base Incentive $ 1.00Base Incentive $ 1.00• Massachusetts Manufactured Component Adder $ Massachusetts Manufactured Component Adder $

0.150.15• Moderate Home Value Adder* $ 2.00Moderate Home Value Adder* $ 2.00 * Home & property Town assessed @ under $400,000.00* Home & property Town assessed @ under $400,000.00

MassachusettsMassachusetts OnlyOnly

State incentive programs?State incentive programs?

• Individual effects of the tax benefits Individual effects of the tax benefits and the tax liabilities need to be and the tax liabilities need to be examined by a tax advisorexamined by a tax advisor

• For up to date information on tax For up to date information on tax laws go to www.dsireusa.orglaws go to www.dsireusa.org

Customers must check with a Customers must check with a Tax Advisor!Tax Advisor!

PV MaintenancePV Maintenance

• None!None!

Life ExpectancyLife Expectancy

• 35 – 45 Years35 – 45 Years

WarrantiesWarranties

•Photovoltaic Modules: 20 - Photovoltaic Modules: 20 - 25 Years25 Years

•Inverters: 10 YearsInverters: 10 Years

BIPV SystemsBIPV Systems

• AttractiveAttractive

• Labor intensiveLabor intensive

• Requires a high Requires a high degree of skill to degree of skill to installinstall

• Combine PV and Combine PV and Solar Space Solar Space HeatingHeating

Combination Solar Space Combination Solar Space Heating and Solar Heating and Solar Photovoltaics (BIPV)Photovoltaics (BIPV)

Solar Electric Roof ShinglesSolar Electric Roof Shingles

Standing Seam Solar Electric Standing Seam Solar Electric RoofRoofwith Solar Laminate or “Thin with Solar Laminate or “Thin Film” Film”

Whole Foods Market Whole Foods Market

28.8 kW Ballast Pan Photovoltaic Installation

• Solar ThermalSolar Thermal

• PhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaics • WindWind

• WindWind

• WindWind

Small Residential Small Residential WindWindor or Larger Larger “Neighborhood” Net “Neighborhood” Net Metering Wind Metering Wind TurbinesTurbines

How does wind How does wind

work?work?

Some turbines are direct drive and Some turbines are direct drive and

will require no conversion to ACwill require no conversion to AC

Wind ConsiderationsWind Considerations

• Recommendation for a wind solution is VERY Recommendation for a wind solution is VERY dependent on site conditions. A professional will need dependent on site conditions. A professional will need to apprise.to apprise.

• Neighborhood logistics are a greater consideration Neighborhood logistics are a greater consideration due to noise, flicker, and visual considerations.due to noise, flicker, and visual considerations.

• Zoning restrictions can make wind a lengthy Zoning restrictions can make wind a lengthy installation effort.installation effort.

• A wind installation in the appropriate location can A wind installation in the appropriate location can provide the quickest payback.provide the quickest payback.

• A high maintenance profile accompanies a wind A high maintenance profile accompanies a wind installation.installation.

• Large community wind installations are most Large community wind installations are most recommended.recommended.

Does not include Does not include

Annual MaintenanceAnnual Maintenance How much does Wind How much does Wind

cost?cost?

Size -Size - Approximate Costs -Approximate Costs -

2.5kW2.5kW

(in 12mph wind may provide (in 12mph wind may provide 5,000kWh)5,000kWh)

$38,000.00$38,000.00

10kW10kW

(in 12mph wind may provide (in 12mph wind may provide 15,000kWh)15,000kWh)

$78,000.00$78,000.00

100kW100kW

(in 12mph wind may provide (in 12mph wind may provide 150,000kWh)150,000kWh)

May require three phase power May require three phase power availableavailable

$285,000.00$285,000.00

Variables which will affect cost:Variables which will affect cost:

- Height & Type of tower (tilt up, lattice, - Height & Type of tower (tilt up, lattice, monopole)monopole)

- Soil conditions for tower installation - Soil conditions for tower installation - Length of run from install site to power tie-in. - Length of run from install site to power tie-in.

Tax CreditsTax Credits

Federal Tax Credit– Federal Tax Credit– New as of October 2008New as of October 2008

• 30% of costs – $4,000.00 limit for 30% of costs – $4,000.00 limit for

installations under 10kW installations under 10kW

State Tax Credits - State Tax Credits -

• Massachusetts: $2,000.00Massachusetts: $2,000.00

• Rhode Island: Currently noneRhode Island: Currently none

Massachusetts Residential Rebates for Massachusetts Residential Rebates for turbines under 10kW-turbines under 10kW-

through the Small Renewables Initiative through the Small Renewables Initiative (SRI)(SRI)

• The MTC will be announcing its new SRI The MTC will be announcing its new SRI program in January. The rebates will be program in January. The rebates will be production based due to lower than production based due to lower than anticipated production from installations anticipated production from installations previously. previously.

MassachusettsMassachusetts OnlyOnly

State incentive programs?State incentive programs? Small WindSmall Wind

Massachusetts Residential Rebates for Massachusetts Residential Rebates for turbines over 10kW-turbines over 10kW-

through the through the Large Onsite Renewables Initiative (LORI)Large Onsite Renewables Initiative (LORI)

• The LORI is a twice yearly competitive The LORI is a twice yearly competitive grant program with awards ranging from grant program with awards ranging from $20,000 - $240,000.00.$20,000 - $240,000.00.

MassachusettsMassachusetts OnlyOnly

State incentive programs?State incentive programs? Large WindLarge Wind

Thank you for your time!Thank you for your time!

Please contact Liz Argo for more Please contact Liz Argo for more information:information:

866-682-0514 largo@alterisinc.com866-682-0514 largo@alterisinc.com

This concludes The American Institute of This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Architects Continuing Education Systems

ProgramProgram

Useful WebsitesUseful Websites• www.dsireusa.orgwww.dsireusa.org - List of all state and federal - List of all state and federal

incentivesincentives

• www.nesea.orgwww.nesea.org - Site of the Northeast Sustainable - Site of the Northeast Sustainable Energy AssociationEnergy Association

• http://http://www.masstech.orgwww.masstech.org/solar/solar - MA state - MA state rebate programrebate program

• http://http://www.sebane.orgwww.sebane.org// - Solar Energy - Solar Energy Business Association of New England.Business Association of New England.

• http://http://www.irecusa.orgwww.irecusa.org// - - Interstate Interstate renewable energy council - market issues, restructuring, renewable energy council - market issues, restructuring, policies, incentives, and procurement.policies, incentives, and procurement.

• wwww.safeclimate.netww.safeclimate.net You can check out your You can check out your environmental COenvironmental CO22 impact. impact.