newlans use of millimeter waves lan (mmwlan) for enterprise applications ieee 802 tutorial november...

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Use of Millimeter Waves LAN (mmwLAN) Use of Millimeter Waves LAN (mmwLAN) for Enterprise Applicationsfor Enterprise Applications

IEEE 802 TutorialIEEE 802 TutorialNovember 11, 2003November 11, 2003

1. Rosio Alvarez, Director OIT, U.Mass. End User need for mmwLAN

2. Leigh Chinitz , CTO, Proxim mmwLAN / mmwWAN Convergence

3. Dev Gupta, Chairman, Newlans mmwLAN for Enterprise Applications

November 11, 2003November 11, 20032

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Technology ObjectiveTechnology Objective

Investigate the Possibility of Creating a Standard To ProvideInvestigate the Possibility of Creating a Standard To Provide TrueTrue Gigabit Ethernet transport to Gigabit Ethernet transport to any stationany station

Comparable or better Comparable or better availabilityavailability than copper or fiber than copper or fiber

Comparable or better Comparable or better performanceperformance than copper or fiber than copper or fiber

Comparable or better Comparable or better securitysecurity than copper or fiber than copper or fiber

MobilityMobility

Market + Technology + Value


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Top Level RequirementsTop Level Requirements

Multi Gigabit data rate solution for wireless Gigabit To The Multi Gigabit data rate solution for wireless Gigabit To The Desktop (GTTD) which operates in 56 + GHz bandsDesktop (GTTD) which operates in 56 + GHz bands

Provide reliability through frequency, time and space Provide reliability through frequency, time and space diversitydiversity

Minimize probability of interference, interception and Minimize probability of interference, interception and jammingjamming

Provide security at PHY and MAC layersProvide security at PHY and MAC layers Robust QoS coupled with high throughputRobust QoS coupled with high throughput

Enable rapid installation and provisioning with minimal Enable rapid installation and provisioning with minimal technical knowledge and experiencetechnical knowledge and experience

Readily reconfigurable, reusable and redeployable Readily reconfigurable, reusable and redeployable

Lowest cost for high data rates ($/Mbps)Lowest cost for high data rates ($/Mbps)

Complete, safe, hassle-free coverageComplete, safe, hassle-free coverage


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802.11 – Standard In Evolution802.11 – Standard In Evolution

2005

802.11g

54 Mbps at 2.4 GHz

802.11e802.11i

Security

QoS

802.11b 11 Mbps at 2.4 GHz

802.11

802.11a 54 Mbps at 5.7 GHz

Late 1990s 2000 Early 2000s

Home / SOHO

SMB

Enterprise

2 Mbps at 2.4 GHz

Phase 1Phase 1

Phase 2Phase 2

True enterprise grade True enterprise grade

Gigabit-Ethernet-To-The-Gigabit-Ethernet-To-The-

DesktopDesktop Gi Fi

Phase 3Phase 3


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Ethernet’s Past & FutureEthernet’s Past & Future

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

45 M45 M

110 M110 M

170 M170 M

Transition to FETransition to FE

Transition to GigETransition to GigE

Mil

lio

ns

of

LA

N C

on

nec

tio

ns

Mil

lio

ns

of

LA

N C

on

nec

tio

ns

1980 – 10 Mbps – 802.31980 – 10 Mbps – 802.31990 – 10 M-BaseT – 802.3i1990 – 10 M-BaseT – 802.3i1997 – 100 Gbps-BaseT – 802.3x1997 – 100 Gbps-BaseT – 802.3x1998 – 1 Gbps-BaseX – 802.3z1998 – 1 Gbps-BaseX – 802.3z1999 – 1 Gbps-BaseT – 802.3ab1999 – 1 Gbps-BaseT – 802.3ab2002 – 10 Gbps-LX – 802.3aeb2002 – 10 Gbps-LX – 802.3aeb2005 – 10 Gbps-BaseT –2005 – 10 Gbps-BaseT –Future – 100 Gbps ?Future – 100 Gbps ?

Source – Fujitsu presentation titled ‘GigE on the desktop and beyond’ at NFOEC/GEC, Source – Fujitsu presentation titled ‘GigE on the desktop and beyond’ at NFOEC/GEC, September 9, 2003September 9, 2003


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Growth of Gigabit EthernetGrowth of Gigabit Ethernet

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

11.2 M11.2 M

55.5 M55.5 M

Worldwide Installed Base of GigE Ports (Copper and Fiber)Worldwide Installed Base of GigE Ports (Copper and Fiber)

Source – Fujitsu presentation titled ‘GigE on the desktop and beyond’ at NFOEC/GEC, September 9 2003Source – Fujitsu presentation titled ‘GigE on the desktop and beyond’ at NFOEC/GEC, September 9 2003


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Why GTTD?Why GTTD? Cost effective location of network resourcesCost effective location of network resources

Enables greater centralization of server and storage resourcesEnables greater centralization of server and storage resourceso Translates to lower cost, better security, improved manageability Translates to lower cost, better security, improved manageability

Improved network efficiencyImproved network efficiency GTTD acquires and releases network resources fast GTTD acquires and releases network resources fast

Enhanced productivity for users and network managersEnhanced productivity for users and network managers Network Managers: Enable remote software installations, software upgrades, Network Managers: Enable remote software installations, software upgrades,

data backup and better utilization of network resourcesdata backup and better utilization of network resources Users: Reduced wait timeUsers: Reduced wait time

Deployment of new applicationsDeployment of new applications New generation applications are bandwidth intensiveNew generation applications are bandwidth intensive

o High resolution video conferencing, broadcast video, video-on-demand, online training, High resolution video conferencing, broadcast video, video-on-demand, online training, distance leaning, peer-to-peer collaboration, file transfers, data mining, data base distance leaning, peer-to-peer collaboration, file transfers, data mining, data base applications (CRM, ERP), email with attachmentsapplications (CRM, ERP), email with attachments

Translates to better productivityTranslates to better productivity

New computing paradigmsNew computing paradigms GigE grid computingGigE grid computing


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GTTD Improves Network EfficiencyGTTD Improves Network Efficiency

GigE SwitchGigE Switch GigE Edge SwitchGigE Edge Switch

ServerServerWork StationsWork Stations

GigE BackboneGigE Backbone

GigE LinkGigE Link100 Mbps Link100 Mbps Link

11

22

33

The resources of the server is held by the work stationThe resources of the server is held by the work station FE connection implies that data is buffered at the edge switchFE connection implies that data is buffered at the edge switch GTTD eliminates or minimizes the queuing and transmission delayGTTD eliminates or minimizes the queuing and transmission delay

GTTD in a client-server scenario can improve the performance by 67%GTTD in a client-server scenario can improve the performance by 67%

Source: Dr. Roger Billings, Gigabit Ethernet - Emergence to the edge of the network at GEC keynote address, Washington D.C., August 2002


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Productivity ComparisonProductivity Comparison

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900T

ime

(s

ec

on

ds

)

10 Mbps 42.8 142.2 140.0 53.7 849.4

100 Mbps 4.2 26.8 35.0 5.2 85.0

1 Gbps 0.5 14.2 17.0 2.3 9.6

50 MB File Transfer

Clarify Ariba Outlook 1 GB Backup

Source: Cisco white paper – Deploying Gigabit Ethernet To The Desktop: Drivers and ApplicationsSource: Cisco white paper – Deploying Gigabit Ethernet To The Desktop: Drivers and Applications

ProductivityProductivity

GigE users spent 88% less time GigE users spent 88% less time waiting for data when compared to 10 waiting for data when compared to 10 Mbps users, and 47% less than 100 Mbps users, and 47% less than 100 Mbps usersMbps users


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Additional Benefits of mmwLANAdditional Benefits of mmwLAN

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Reducing Errors

Competitive Advantage

Efficient Use of Space

Improve Company Image

Collaborative Work

Productivity Gains

Time Savings

Easier Adds, Moves, Changes

Lower Cabling Cost

Easier To Set-Up Temporary Spaces

Flexibility

Convenience

Mobility Within Building Or Campus

N = 244, IT respondentsN = 244, IT respondents

Sources: Cisco and NOP World, Sources: Cisco and NOP World, Wireless LAN Benefit StudyWireless LAN Benefit Study


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Barriers To mmwLAN AdoptionBarriers To mmwLAN Adoption

Responses

1 = Strongly Disagree

2 = Somewhat Disagree

3 = Neutral

4 = Somewhat Agree

5 = Strongly Agree

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.6

3.6

2.3

00 11 22 33 44

Lack of adequate security Lack of adequate security

Limited data ratesLimited data rates

Limited coverageLimited coverage

Limitations Limitations (e.g. lack of QoS)(e.g. lack of QoS)

Reliability concerns Reliability concerns (e.g. RF interference)(e.g. RF interference)

No NeedNo Need

Derived from Yankee Group SurveyDerived from Yankee Group Survey


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Above 56 GHz AllocationsAbove 56 GHz Allocations

57 GHz57 GHz 64 GHz64 GHz


72.2572.25 73.5073.50 74.7574.75


82.2582.25 83.5083.50 84.7584.75

92 GHz92 GHz

94.094.0 94.194.1

95 GHz95 GHz

19.9 GHz of spectrum for broadband applications19.9 GHz of spectrum for broadband applications9.9 GHz of spectrum for mmwLAN applications9.9 GHz of spectrum for mmwLAN applications


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60 GHz Band60 GHz Band


Unlicensed band governed by Part 15.225Unlicensed band governed by Part 15.225 15 dB/Km of O15 dB/Km of O22 absorption absorption

Robust PHY layer securityRobust PHY layer security High frequency reuseHigh frequency reuse Connectivity up to 10 GbpsConnectivity up to 10 Gbps Currently used in MAN and campus networksCurrently used in MAN and campus networks New commercial applications: mmwLAN and PANNew commercial applications: mmwLAN and PAN


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70 & 80 GHz Allocation70 & 80 GHz Allocation


72.2572.25 73.5073.50 74.7574.75


82.2582.25 83.5083.50 84.7584.75

FCC opened these bands for commercial use in October 2003FCC opened these bands for commercial use in October 2003 Divided into 4 unpaired segments per bandDivided into 4 unpaired segments per band Segments may be aggregatedSegments may be aggregated Cross band aggregation permitted with some restrictionCross band aggregation permitted with some restriction ““Pencil-beam” applicationsPencil-beam” applications License based on interference protection on a link-by-link basisLicense based on interference protection on a link-by-link basis


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90 GHz Allocation90 GHz Allocation

92 GHz92 GHz

94.094.0 94.194.1

95 GHz95 GHz

FCC opened these bands for commercial use in October 2003FCC opened these bands for commercial use in October 2003 Divided into 2 unpaired segmentsDivided into 2 unpaired segments 94 GHz to 94.1 GHz allocated for exclusive Federal use 94 GHz to 94.1 GHz allocated for exclusive Federal use Segments may be aggregatedSegments may be aggregated License based on interference protection on a link-by-link basis License based on interference protection on a link-by-link basis

for for outdooroutdoor use use No license required for No license required for indoorindoor use use


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56 GHz + Allocations in Other 56 GHz + Allocations in Other RegionsRegions

56 58 60 62 64

59.3

Europe

Japan

U. S. A.

High Density Links

66

55.78

Broadway - an IST funded programEffort to make 59 GHz to 62 GHz unlicensed

Military

Unlicensed

55.78

Governed by Part 15.225

No allocations for commercial deployment in 70 GHz, 80 GHz and 90 GHz bands


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FCC RequirementsFCC Requirements

Average power density Average power density ≤ 9 ≤ 9 μμW/cmW/cm22 at 3 m at 3 m Peak power density ≤ 18 Peak power density ≤ 18 μμW/cmW/cm22 at 3 m at 3 m Power density ≤ 1 mW/cmPower density ≤ 1 mW/cm22 on the general population on the general population

for 30 minutes averagingfor 30 minutes averaging Total peak transmitter output power cannot exceed Total peak transmitter output power cannot exceed

500 mW500 mW Out of band spurious specificationsOut of band spurious specifications For indoor application, transmit FCC identifier, serial For indoor application, transmit FCC identifier, serial

number and 24 bytes data every 1 second.number and 24 bytes data every 1 second.

60 GHz Band60 GHz Band


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FCC RequirementsFCC Requirements

Awaiting for FCC rulesAwaiting for FCC rules

70 GHz, 80 GHz and 90 GHz Bands70 GHz, 80 GHz and 90 GHz Bands


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Reflection CoefficientsReflection Coefficients


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Human Body AttenuationHuman Body Attenuation


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Transmission Through ConcreteTransmission Through Concrete


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Transmission Through PlasterboardTransmission Through Plasterboard


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Modem RequirementsModem Requirements

Support multiple bands (Support multiple bands (≥ 4) in the millimeter wave ≥ 4) in the millimeter wave bandband

Support a baud rate such that payload throughput is Support a baud rate such that payload throughput is equal or greater than 1 Gbpsequal or greater than 1 Gbps

FEC should be incorporated such that modem has FEC should be incorporated such that modem has good error performance with ≈ 10 dB SNRgood error performance with ≈ 10 dB SNR

Modem should be fairly immune to compression, Modem should be fairly immune to compression, phase noise and jitterphase noise and jitter

Modem should be fairly immune to 50+ MHz of Modem should be fairly immune to 50+ MHz of frequency error frequency error

Modem should provide PHY layer SecurityModem should provide PHY layer Security Modem should be inexpensively realizableModem should be inexpensively realizable

Developing an innovative class of modem is key


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Antenna RequirementsAntenna Requirements

Beam Shaped MIMO AntennaBeam Shaped MIMO Antenna

Mitigate effects of multipathMitigate effects of multipath Maximum coverageMaximum coverage Minimum RF exposureMinimum RF exposure Minimize wasted spill of energyMinimize wasted spill of energy

Antenna is an enabler for space, time and frequency diversity


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Link PerformanceLink Performance

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Distance, Meters

Mar

gin

, d

B

PPTT = 23 dBm instantaneous = 23 dBm instantaneous

GGTT = 23.5 dBi peak = 23.5 dBi peak

GGRR = 17.5 dBi peak = 17.5 dBi peak

134.4 m134.4 m441.1 feet441.1 feet

42.9 m42.9 m161.6 feet161.6 feet


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Multipath EffectsMultipath Effects

TxTx

RxRx

30 feet30 feet

30 feet30 feet

PPTT = 10 dBm = 10 dBm

GGTT = 10 dBi = 10 dBi

GGRR = 10 dBi = 10 dBi

Right H

and

Right H

and

Si = -6

0 dBm

Si = -6

0 dBm

Time = 0

Time = 0

Left HandLeft Hand

Si = -82 dBmSi = -82 dBm

Time = 49 nsTime = 49 ns

Right HandRight Hand

Right HandRight Hand

Left HandLeft Hand

Right Hand

Right Hand

Si = -87 dBm

Si = -87 dBm

Time = 90 ns

Time = 90 ns

Outside Outside antenna’s antenna’s

beam coveragebeam coverage


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Wall Propagation AnalysisWall Propagation Analysis

10 m

10 m

150

m15

0 m

WallWall

10 dB10 dB 10 dB10 dB 20 dB20 dB

TxTx10

m10

mRxRx

10 m

10 m

ExtenderExtender Margin = 12 dBMargin = 12 dB

10 m

10 m

WallWall

10 dB10 dB 10 dB10 dB 20 dB20 dB

TxTx

10 m

10 m

10 m

10 m

10 m

10 m

10 dB10 dB

RxRx

10 m

10 m

Margin = 0 dBMargin = 0 dB

ExampleExample


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ReliabilityReliability

Energy contained in a buildingEnergy contained in a building

Low probability of interference or jammingLow probability of interference or jamming

Effective BER very low due to space, time and Effective BER very low due to space, time and frequency diversityfrequency diversity

Network management can be used to perform fault Network management can be used to perform fault monitoring and optimization of radio resources, monitoring and optimization of radio resources, and reroutes traffic to keep high availabilityand reroutes traffic to keep high availability


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ReliabilityReliability

Source: Based on Networld special report titled ‘Source: Based on Networld special report titled ‘Supercharging The DesktopSupercharging The Desktop’ and Newlans’ and Newlans

99.999 + 99.999% 99.999%

Wireless Fiber Cat 6

High availability provided High availability provided by frequency, space and by frequency, space and time diversitytime diversity

5.3 minutes/year5.3 minutes/year


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Campus NetworkCampus Network

Seamless networkSeamless network Indoor/outdoor mobilityIndoor/outdoor mobility Security comparable to or better than a wired networkSecurity comparable to or better than a wired network Availability comparable to or better than a wired networkAvailability comparable to or better than a wired network Robust QoSRobust QoS

Lower deployment costLower deployment cost Lower product costLower product cost

Indoor and outdoor equipments have common componentsIndoor and outdoor equipments have common components

Untethered FiberUntethered Fiber

Convergence of mmwLAN and campus networkConvergence of mmwLAN and campus network


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Migration PathMigration Path

60 GHz and 90 GHz have adequate bandwidth, but 60 GHz and 90 GHz have adequate bandwidth, but reduced number of channelsreduced number of channels

70 GHz and 80 GHz have 10 GigE backhauling 70 GHz and 80 GHz have 10 GigE backhauling capabilitycapability

Choose a modulation scheme does not require major Choose a modulation scheme does not require major overhauling, thus minimizing cost impactoverhauling, thus minimizing cost impact

Maintains backward compatibility with 1 GigEMaintains backward compatibility with 1 GigE

Migration path to 10 GigE – must track migration in the Migration path to 10 GigE – must track migration in the wired networkwired network


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MAC Layer RequirementsMAC Layer Requirements

• High Performance MAC should provide Link Layer Control

• Provide scheduling across space and frequency diversity • Provide multiple classes of service

• Should provide a reliable link layer in the presence of multiple copies of packets and copies with errors

• High Efficiency > 80%


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SecuritySecurity

ObjectivesObjectives Mutual authentication for identity Mutual authentication for identity

confirmationconfirmation Block cipher for confidentiality (ex. Block cipher for confidentiality (ex.

use of advanced encryption use of advanced encryption standard)standard)

Dynamic keying for all of above (ex. Dynamic keying for all of above (ex. 802.1X key management)802.1X key management)

Customizable PHY layer security Customizable PHY layer security optionoption

Low probability of interception and Low probability of interception and jammingjamming

FeaturesFeatures 60 GHz propagation facilitates 60 GHz propagation facilitates

confinement of energy in an areaconfinement of energy in an area AES implemented in hardware at AES implemented in hardware at

NAP and STN at 1 Gbps per channelNAP and STN at 1 Gbps per channel Customizable scrambler whose Customizable scrambler whose

interconnections are customized per interconnections are customized per LANLAN

Per-channel digital scrambler seed Per-channel digital scrambler seed sequences that can be refreshed as sequences that can be refreshed as needed on control channels provide needed on control channels provide added securityadded security

Per-channel policies insulate high Per-channel policies insulate high and low security users from each and low security users from each other’s differing network requirementother’s differing network requirement


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Technology ComponentsTechnology Components

MACMAC ModemModem Front EndFront End

Transmit Transmit AntennaAntenna

Receive Receive AntennaAntenna

MAC ProcessorMAC ProcessorEncryptionEncryptionDecryptionDecryption

RFICRFIC 56+ GHz MMICs56+ GHz MMICs MIMO AntennasMIMO Antennas

Available TechnologiesAvailable Technologies

Sub Sub μμ CMOS CMOS SiGeSiGeBiCMOSBiCMOSCMOSCMOS

GaAs - PHEMPTGaAs - PHEMPT - NHEMPT- NHEMPTDHBTDHBTInPInPGaNGaNSiGeSiGe

HornHornPrinted CircuitPrinted CircuitPhase ArrayPhase Array


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Per Drop CostPer Drop Cost

WLANFiber

Copper

2.0%

22.8%

31.4%

37.5%

50.0%

12.5%

31.3%

25.0%

6.3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100% NIC

Switch InterfaceInstallation

Variable CostVariable Cost

Fixed CostFixed Cost

Fixed CostFixed Cost

NoteNoteBased on pricing for copper and fiber in 2005Based on pricing for copper and fiber in 2005


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Synergy With Other Standards Synergy With Other Standards WorkWork

802.11802.11 Wireless LAN (WLAN)Wireless LAN (WLAN)

802.15802.15 Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)

802.16802.16 Broadband Wireless Access (BBW)Broadband Wireless Access (BBW)

802.18802.18 Radio Regulatory Technical Advisory GroupRadio Regulatory Technical Advisory Group

802.19802.19 Coexistence Technical Advisory GroupCoexistence Technical Advisory Group

802.20802.20 Mobile Wireless AccessMobile Wireless Access


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EndEnd

newlans use of millimeter waves lan (mmwlan) for enterprise applications ieee 802 tutorial november...

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