new zealand birds online creating the perfect website for and by osnz members colin miskelly

new zealand birds onlinewww.nzbirdsonline.org.nz

Creating the perfect websitefor and by OSNZ members

Colin Miskelly

new zealand birds online www.nzbirdsonline.org.nz

This presentation will cover:

• Current status of the website

• Mock-up of the final website to demonstrateintended search functions and content

• Progress to date

• How you can help

The current website uses Drupal branded software (blue & white). It is accessible by password only, for loading content to be used in the final website, which is demonstrated in the mock-up that follows.

Note that the final website may look quite different to what you are about to see (green pages).


Welcome to New Zealand birds online

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Tuhua / Mayor Island

Full listBreedingRegular (includes Breeding)Regular + VagrantVagrantFormerly presentExtinctExtinct + Formerly present

Arctic skua Australasian bitternAustralasian gannetBellbirdBrown tealBuller’s shearwaterCaspian ternChaffinchCommon starlingDunnockEurasian blackbirdEuropean goldfinchEuropean greenfinchFlesh-footed shearwaterFluttering shearwaterGrey warblerGrey-faced petrelHouse sparrowKakaLittle penguinLittle shagMallard

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Threatened Nationally Critical Nationally Endangered Nationally VulnerableAt Risk Declining Recovering Relict Naturally UncommonNot ThreatenedColoniserMigrantVagrantData DeficientIntroduced and NaturalisedExtinct Extinct before AD1000 Extinct AD1000 to AD1800 Extinct since AD1800



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Amies’ penguin bird of unknown affinitiesDouglas' duckDuntroon penguinEnright’s duckFleming’s railGrebneff's penguinHarris’ penguinHuxley's penguinJohnstones’ duckLee’s parrotLittle St Bathans parrotLopdells' penguinLowe’s penguinMannering’s penguinManuherikia duckMarples’ penguinMaxwell's penguinMerton's parrotMinute Manuherikia duckMiocene diving petrelMiocene false-toothed pelican

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Open sea or dead on beachCoastal, harbour or estuaryRiver, lake or wetlandUrban park or gardenFarmland or horticultureForest (native or plantation)Mountain / alpine tops

This feature hasn’t been developed yet, but will allow novice users to search for birds they wish to identify based on grids of photographs representing each family of birds that occurs in each habitat.

By clicking on a family photo, they will be led to a second grid of photos of each member of that family that occurs in that habitat. Clicking on a species photo will lead them to the correct species page.



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Fairy martinFairy penguinFairy prionFairy tern

fairy

Fairy prionPachyptila turtur (Kuhl, 1820)Order ProcellariiformesFamily Procellariidae

New Zealand status native breederConservation status Relict

Other names tītī wainui, dove prion, kuaka (incorrectly), narrow-billed prion (incorrectly)

Geographical variation No subspecies currently recognised. Southernmost populations previously referred to subspecies subantarctica


Fairy prion. Adult. Kundy Island. March 2011. Image © Colin Miskelly

The fairy prion is an abundant and familiar petrel of exposed coastal waters around New Zealand, especially from Cook Strait southwards. It often feeds in large flocks over tide rips near offshore rocks and islands. Slightly smaller than a red-billed gull, fairy prions are very similar in appearance to the five other prion species: blue-grey and black above, and white below, with blue bill and legs. This colouration and their habit of flying along wave troughs make prions difficult to follow with binoculars from a moving boat deck. The Poor Knights Islands are the only northern breeding site, but fairy prions breed in burrows and rock crevices on many islands from Cook Strait south, including on the Chatham Islands and several subantarctic island groups. The largest colony holds an estimated 1.8 million pairs. Fairy prions, along with other prion species, are often found storm-wrecked on beaches exposed to the open ocean, especially on the west coast of both main islands.

Identification

25 cm, 120 gAll six prion species are all very similar in appearance and behaviour, differing mainly in bill shape. All are medium-small seabirds








Identification


Antarctic prionBroad-billed prionFairy prionFulmar prionSalvin’s prionThin-billed prion








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Pachyptila belcheriPachyptila crassirostrisPachyptila desolataPachyptila salviniPachyptila turturPachyptila vittata








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Cyanoramphus auriceps (Kuhl, 1820)Oceanites oceanicus (Kuhl, 1820)Pachyptila turtur (Kuhl, 1820)








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Identification


Broad-billed prionCook’s petrelFairy prionFluttering shearwaterGrey-backed storm petrelKermadec petrelMarsh crakeMottled petrelRed-crowned parakeetSpotless crakeWedge-tailed shearwaterWhite-faced storm petrelWhite-naped petrel








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Bar-tailed godwitCommon diving petrelFairy prion








Identification


new zealand birds online www.nzbirdsonline.org.nzPopulationThere may be as many as 5 million pairs of fairy prions in the New Zealand region. The largest population is on Stephens Island, with 1.83 million pairs estimated. Other large colonies include Mangere Island (c.40,000 pairs), and 1.5 million pairs were estimated on Green Island, Foveaux Strait in 1941. Fairy prions are the most common bird found dead on New Zealand beaches, at an average rate of 0.56 birds per km.

Threats and conservationFairy prions are likely to have bred on many coastal headlands before human arrival in New Zealand. Apart from on a few inaccessible cliff ledges on Otago Peninsula, fairy prions have since been extirpated from the mainland by introduced predators. Their main natural predators at their island breeding sites are subantarctic skuas and swamp harriers. Introductions of feral cats, weka or rats decimated or extirpated fairy prion populations on many muttonbird islands around Stewart Island.

Few actions specifically targeted at conservation of fairy prions have been undertaken. These included translocation of 240 near fully-grown chicks from Stephens Island to Mana Island during 2002-04 in an attempt to establish a new population, and installation of nest boxes at a cliff-ledge colony on Otago Peninsula. Other more generic island restoration projects (especially pest mammal and weka eradications) have and will benefit fairy prion populations, including on Stephens Island, Mangere Island and on several muttonbird islands near Stewart Island.

BreedingFairy prions are colonial breeders, nesting in short burrows or rock crevices, mainly on small islands. The breeding season is earlier in the north, with peak laying of the single egg in mid-October at the Poor Knights, and early November on the Snares Islands. Incubation is shared and takes 44-54 days. The chick is left unattended during daylight when only 1-5 days old. One or both parents visit most nights and feed the chick by regurgitation right through to fledging at 43-56 days old. Young birds return to colonies when 2-3 years old, and first breed when 3-4 years old.

Behaviour and ecology

new zealand birds online www.nzbirdsonline.org.nzFairy prions excavate their own burrows, or utilise caves and rock crevices. They breed as monogamous pairs, which typically remain together over many seasons. Fairy prions visit breeding sites after dark and depart before dawn, or stay in burrows or nest crevices during daylight.

FoodFairy prions mainly eat small pelagic crustaceans, along with small fish and squid. The small krill species Nyctiphanes australis is by far the predominant species eaten in New Zealand, followed by pelagic amphipods and copepods.

Websites http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairy_Prionhttp://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3918http://www.nzbirds.com/birds/prionfairy.html

ReferencesCraig, E.D. 2010. Takapourewa titiwainui (fairy prion; Pachyptila turtur): how nest site selection affects breeding success, with applications for translocation. MSc thesis, University of Otago.Harper, P.C. 1976. Breeding biology of the fairy prion (Pachyptila turtur) at the Poor Knights Islands, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 3: 351-371.Loh, G. 2000. A mainland breeding population of fairy prions (Pachyptila turtur), South Island, New Zealand. Notornis 47: 119-122.Marchant, S.; Higgins, P.J. (eds.), 1990. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic birds. Ratites to Ducks, vol. 1. Melbourne, Oxford University Press.Miskelly, C.M; Gummer, H. Submitted. Attempts to anchor pelagic fairy prions (Pachyptila turtur) to their release site on Mana Island.Miskelly, C.M.; Sagar, P.M.; Tennyson, A.J.D.; Scofield, R.P. 2001. Birds of the Snares Islands, New Zealand. Notornis 48: 1-40.Miskelly, C.M.; Taylor, G.A.; Gummer, H.; Williams, R. 2009. Translocations of eight species of burrow-nesting seabirds (genera Pterodroma, Pelecanoides, Pachyptila and Puffinus: family Procellariidae). Biological

new zealand birds online www.nzbirdsonline.org.nzRichdale, L.E. 1944. The titi wainui or fairy prion Pachyptila turtur (Kuhl). Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 74: 32-48.Richdale, L.E. 1965. Breeding behaviour of the narrow-billed prion and broad-billed prion on Whero Island, New Zealand. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 31: 87-155.Wilson, R.A. 1959. Bird islands of New Zealand. Christchurch, Whitcombe & Tombs Ltd.

Recommended citation: Miskelly, C.M. 2013. Fairy prion. In Miskelly, C.M. (ed.) New Zealand Birds Online.

Fairy prion, AdultSnares Islands, February 1984Colin Miskelly

Fairy prion, Adult at seaHauraki Gulf, October 2009Neil Fitzgerald

Fairy prion, AdultKundy Island, March 2011Colin Miskelly

Fairy prion, ChickStephens Island, January 2002Colin Miskelly

Fairy prionAorangi, Poor Knights Islands30 October 1980Paul & Joy Sagar © www.archivebirdsnz.com





Fairy prion, AdultSnares slands, February 1984Colin Miskelly

Fairy prion, Adult pairMangere sland, 1981Dave Crouchley, DOC





Fairy prion, Adult Kundy Island, March 2011 Photographer: Colin Miskelly © Colin Miskelly



Fairy prion, AdultSnares Islands, February 1984Colin Miskelly





Breeding Breeding ecologyecology

NewsNews

Fairy prion, AdultMangere Island, November 1982DOC



Fairy prion, FledglingMana Island, January 2002Rex Williams

Fairy prion, AdultStephens Island, January 2002Colin Miskelly





Fairy prion Pachyptila turtur breeding and demography

Social structure Monogamous Maximum number of successful broods per year 1

Breeding season

Laying dates

Nest type Burrow or rock crevice Nest height 0 metres

Nest construction Shallow scrape usually lined with a small quantity of grass or leaves

Clutch size 1 Egg colour & markings White, unmarked

Mean egg dimensions 44 x 32 mm Range 38.5 - 48.5 x 28 - 34.5 mm

Interval between eggs N/A days Incubation behaviour Shared

Incubation length 44-54 days Nestling type Semi-precocial

Nestling period 43-56 days Age at fledging 43-56 days

Age at independence 43-56 days Age at first breeding 3+ years

Maximum longevity 22 years Maximum dispersal 2100 km

J F M A M J J A S O N D

J F M A M J J A S O N D


Breeding Breeding ecologyecology

NewsNews

Fairy prion, AdultMangere Island, November 1982DOC



Fairy prion, FledglingMana Island, January 2002Rex Williams






Fairy prion Pachyptila turtur News

Translocated fairy prions breeding on Mana Island 13 January 2012Four fair prion chicks were banded on Mana Island in January 2012. These were the offspring of chicks translocated from Stephens Islandbetween 2002 and 2004.

http://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2012/01/13/one-step-forward-after-three-steps-back-slow-progress-with-restoring-populations-of-new-zealand-seabirds/

Thousands of fairy prions killed during winter storm 18 July 2011Hundreds of thousands of prions were killed during a severe storm in July 2011. The wreck was dominated by broad-billed prions, but all six prion species were affected.

http://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2011/07/18/riders-of-the-storm-%e2%80%93-thousands-of-seabirds-perish-on-new-zealand-shores/

new zealand birds onlinewww.nzbirdsonline.org.nz

Creating the perfect websitefor and by OSNZ members

How you can help!


OSNZ members and other members of theNew Zealand birding community can contribute:

• Photographs

• Sound files

• Bird lists from your favourite birding sites

• Species texts

Demonstration of the process for loading photographs once you have been given a username and password

email: [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


Species texts are required for 457 species

• 67 species texts have been received

• 194 further texts have been assigned to authors

• 196 species have yet to assigned to authors

What species texts could YOU write?...California quail fantail song thrush coot Arctic skua reef heron

skylark Caspian tern turnstone spotted shag welcome swallow

white-faced heron pheasant silvereye royal spoonbill myna

spur-winged plover pied stilt subantarctic skua brown quail

sooty shearwater spotted dove little shearwater curlew

cattle egret mottled petrel little tern rook white heron

little owl king penguin northern giant petrel little black shag

white-faced storm petrel sharp-tailed sandpiper kookaburra

golden plover blackbird black-fronted dotterel

mute swan chukor Antarctic fulmar marsh crake


or maybe a vagrant species?...gull-billed tern nankeen kestrel Gould’s petrel oriental cuckoo

chestnut teal white-throated needletail marsh sandpiper

streaked shearwater red-necked phalarope little egret ruff

Australian reed warbler semi-palmated plover glossy ibis

white-eyed duck black-faced cuckoo-shrike whiskered tern

broad-billed sandpiper chestnut-breasted shelduck tree martin

brown booby satin flycatcher pectoral sandpiper black kite

fairy martin dunlin wood duck white ibis little whimbrel

sanderling willie wagtail pink-eared duck darter

white-browed woodswallow black-tailed native-hen


new zealand birds online creating the perfect website for and by osnz members colin miskelly

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