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NEWS&VIEWS + KINGSHUK=V.36/N0.8/2012

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New war for Integrity & Sovereignty

26 MARCH 2012 ISSN No. 2222-968-7

REGD. DA no. 327 NEWS&VIEWS + KINGSHUK = V.36/N0.7/2012

http://www.facebook.com/pages/NewsViews/205258019510996




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Time zone will televise the facts of creditors of the Independence declaration and obviously Late Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Late Ziaur Rahman both are nationalist and patriot, not the almighty. We salute to our both the great leaders to make united focus to Democracy. For the national cause we need good live manager, who can lead and manage the contradictions and political conflicts, i.e. the National cause. We do not care auditors to measure the dead debts and the fake dialogues; we need action for developments which may not boost by foreign ghost power brokerage’s opera-tives. The display posters, now they are virtually,

ethically and conceptually dead men for develop-ment actions. We have also been a fact for the change in the attitude of this South Asian regional democracy & current language players. This ges-ture by the people has gone away by activate the India's and Pakistan's concerns. So far, neither the two countries now can gain anything fruitful from their intelligence engagements. Now, the Bangla-desh opening up its economic liberalization by transit or viable corridor, Power Trading, regional water sharing on trust and human value, ICT re-forms for mutual lively benefits, suspension of border trade (Legal Smuggling), bypassing the past political gravity, opening new dialogs and cavity, empowerment of local governments, win-win or friendly attitude in lateral negotiation re-gional forums, attitude as friends but not master, managing the conflicts, accept the inseparable im-positions (Water sharing), avoid the past favors and savors, and long term motivational reunifica-tion on the basis of Humanity, Trust and Moder-nity with friendly charismatic behaviors.

Reality is, 26 March 1971 is considered the official Independence Day of Bangladesh, and the name Bangladesh was in effect henceforth forever. And these are our national ethical code of life & con-ducts, trailing and longing for the best of living.

”Our struggle is for our freedom. Our struggle is for our independence."

Editor’ Note

Bureau offices: UK, USA & CANADA 380 Brunswick Avenue, Fl-2nd Trenton, NJ 08618, USA E: [email protected], [email protected] USA Bureau Chief < Mujibuddin Ahmed, USA Publisher< Rukunuddin Ahmed UK Bureau < Sayed Chowdhury, Media Mohal Ltd.

Bureau offices: ITALY, EU & SWITZERLAND 6900 Lugano, Switzerland

E: [email protected], [email protected] Editor & Publisher< Ahmed, Switzerland Editor-in-Chief < Rukunuddin Ahmed, Italy Feature Editor < Faizun Nahar Shanchita, Italy Art & Design Director < Shafiqul Kabir Chandan, Milan English Version Editor < Sanowar Hossain Milon

Bureau Head office: BANGLADESH 57 D.O.H.S. (OLD) Dhaka 1206 Bangladesh

Base TEL: +8802 8715838 M: 88 01821100313 E: [email protected], [email protected]

Rukunuddin Ahmed > CEO & Editor-in-Chief Daisy Ahmed >Managing Editor

Fatima Ahmed Jayantee > Syndicate Editor Ibrahim Ahmed > News Editor

Mariam Ahmed > Business Reporter

ISSN No. 2222-968-7 REGD. DA no. 327 NEWS&VIEWS + KINGSHUK V.36/N0.8/2012 26 MARCH 2012





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The Bangladesh Liberation War

was an armed conflict pitting East Pakistan (Now Bangladesh) and India

against West Pakistan, re-sulted in the secession of East Pakistan, which became the independent nation: Bangla-desh. The war broke out on 26

March 1971 as army units di-rected by West Pakistan launched a military operation in East Pakistan against Ben-gali civilians, students, intelli-gentsia, and armed personnel who were demanding separa-tion of the East from West Pakistan. The movement con-flicted on the basis of BANGLA language. Bengali military, pa-ramilitary, and civilians formed

the Mukti Bahini (Bengali:

Liberation Army") and

used guerrilla warfare tactics to fight against the West Pakistan army. On 16 Decem-ber 1971, the allied forces of the Indian army and the Mukti Bahini defeated the West Pakistani forces deployed in the East. The re-

sulting surrender was the larg-est in number of prisoners of war since World War II. Background In August

1947, the Partition of British India gave birth to two new states; a secular state named India and an Islamic state named Pakistan. Paki-

stan comprised two geographi-

cally and culturally separate areas to the east and the west of India. The western zone was popularly (and for a pe-riod of time, also officially) termed West Pakistan and the eastern zone (modern-day Bangladesh) was initially termed East Bengal and later, East Pakistan. Although the population of the two zones was close to equal, political power was concentrated in

West Pakistan and it was

Bangladesh Liberation War






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widely perceived that East Pakistan was being exploited

economically, leading to many grievances. Administration of two discontinuous territories was also seen as a challenge. On 25 March 1971, rising po-litical discontent and cultural

nationalism in East Pakistan was met by brutal suppressive force from the ruling elite of the West Pakistan establish-ment in what came to be termed Operation Searchlight. The violent crackdown by West Pakistan forces led to Awami League leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman declaring East Paki-stan's independence as the state of Bangladesh on 26 March 1971. Pakistani Presi-dent Agha Mohammed Yahya ordered the Pakistani military to restore the Pakistani gov-ernment's authority, beginning the civil war. The war led to a

sea of refugees (estimated at the time to be about 10 mil-lion) flooding into the eastern provinces of India. Facing a mounting humanitarian and economic crisis, India started

actively aiding and organizing the Bangla-deshi resis-tance army known as the Mukti Bahini.

Language Controversy In 1948, Mohammad Ali Jin-nah, Pakistan's first Governor-General, declared in Dhaka (then usually spelled Dacca in English) that "Urdu, and only Urdu" would be the common language for all of Pakistan. This proved highly controver-sial, since Urdu was a lan-guage that was only spoken in the West by Muhajirs and in

the East by Biharis, although

Genealogically Bengali belongs to the group of Eastern Indo-Aryan Languages,- here marked in yellow





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the Urdu language had been promoted as the lingua franca of Indian Muslims by political and religious leaders such as

Sir Khwaja Salimullah, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Nawab Viqar-ul-Mulk and Maulvi Ab-dul Haq. The language was considered a vital element of the Islamic culture for Indian

Muslims; Hindi and the Deva-nagari script were seen as fun-damentals of Hindu culture. The majority groups in West Pakistan spoke Punjabi, while the Bengali language was spo-ken by the vast majority of East Pakistanis. The language controversy eventually reached a point where East Pakistan revolted while the other part of Pakistan re-mained calm even though

Punjabi was spoken by the majority groups of West Paki-stan. Several students and ci-vilians lost their lives in a po-lice crackdown on 21 February 1952. The day is revered in Bangladesh and in West Ben-gal as the Language Martyrs' Day. On 7 March 1971, Sheikh Mu-

jibur Rahman (soon to be the

prime minister) delivered a speech at the Racecourse Ground (now called the Suhrawardy Udyan). In this

speech he mentioned a further four-point condition to con-sider the National Assembly Meeting on 25 March: he urged "his people" to turn every

house into a fort of resistance. He closed his speech saying, "Our struggle is for our freedom. Our struggle is for our inde-pendence." This speech is consid-ered the main event that in-spired the nation

to fight for its independence.

Declaration of independence The violence unleashed by the Pakistani forces on 25 March 1971, proved the last straw to the efforts to negotiate a set-tlement. Following these out-rages, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman signed an official declaration

that read:

Today Bangla-desh is a sovereign and inde-pendent country. On

Thursday night, West Pakistani armed forces suddenly at-

tacked the police barracks at Razarbagh and the EPR head-quarters at Pilkhana in Dhaka. Many innocent and unarmed have been killed in Dhaka city and other places of Bangla-

desh. Violent clashes between E.P.R. and Police on the one hand and the armed forces of Pakistan on the other, are go-ing on. The Bengalis are fight-ing the enemy with great

courage for an independent Bangladesh. May Allah aid us in our fight for freedom. Joy Bangla. Sheikh Mujib also called upon the people to resist the occu-pation forces through a radio message. Mujib was arrested on the night of 25–26 March 1971 at about 1:30 am (as per Radio Pakistan's news on 29

March 1971).






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A telegram containing the text of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's declaration reached some stu-dents in Chittagong. The mes-

sage was translated to Bengali by Dr. Manjula Anwar. The students failed to secure per-mission from higher authori-ties to broadcast the message from the nearby Agrabad Sta-

tion of Radio Pakistan. They

crossed Kalurghat Bridge into an area controlled by an East

Bengal Regiment under Major Ziaur Rahman. Bengali sol-diers guarded the station as engineers prepared for trans-mission. At 19:45 hrs on 27 March 1971, Major Ziaur Rah-

man broadcast the announce-ment of the declaration of in-dependence on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. On 28 March Major Ziaur Rahman made another announcement,

which was as follows:

This is Shadhin Bangla Betar

Kendro. I, Major Ziaur Rah-man, at the direction of Ban-gobondhu Sheikh Mujibur Rah-man, hereby declare that the independent People's Republic of Bangladesh has been estab-

lished. At his direction, I have taken command as the tempo-rary Head of the Republic. In the name of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, I call upon all Ben-galis to rise against the attack

by the West Pakistani Army. We shall fight to the last to free our Motherland. By the grace of Allah, victory is ours. Joy Bangla. The Kalurghat Radio Station's transmission ca-pability was lim-

ited. The mes-

sage was picked up by a Japanese ship in Bay of Bengal. It was then re-transmitted by Ra-dio Australia and later by the British Broadcasting Corpo-

ration. M A Hannan, an Awami

League leader from Chit-tagong, is said to have made the first announcement of the declaration of independence over the radio on 26 March 1971. There is controversy

now as to when Major Zia gave his speech. BNP sources maintain that it was 26 March, and there was no message re-garding declaration of inde-pendence from Mujibur Rah-

man. Pakistani sources, like Siddiq Salik in Witness to Sur-render had written that he heard about Mujibor Rahman's message on the Radio while Operation Searchlight was go-ing on, and Maj. Gen. Hakeem A. Qureshi in his book ―The 1971 Indo-Pak War: A Sol-dier's Narrative‖, gives the date of Zia's speech as 27 March 1971.






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LANGUAGE Bengali (Bangla] is an eastern Indo-Aryan language. It is native to the region of eastern South Asia known as Bengal, which comprises present day Bangladesh, the Indian state of West Bengal (recently pro-posed to change it to new English name Paschimbanga), and parts of the Indian states of Tripura and As-sam. It is written with the Bengali

script. With nearly 300 million total speakers, Bengali is one of the most spoken languages ranking sixth in the world. Along with other Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, Bengali evolved circa 1000–1200 AD from the Magadhi Prakrit, which developed from the Sanskrit language. It is now the primary language spoken in Bangla-desh and is the second most com-monly spoken language in India. With a long and rich literary tradition, Ben-gali binds together a culturally di-verse region and is an important con-tributor to Bengali na-tionalism. Geographical Location of Bengali Speakers Lying at the north of the Bay of Bengal and roughly between 22° and 26° N and 86° and 93° E, the Bengal region consists largely of a vast alluvial, deltaic plain, built up by the Ganges River and watered also by the Brahmaputra River system originating in the eastern Himalaya Mountains. As in much of South Asia, monsoon winds bring a rainy sea-son that can last from April to mid-November. Bengal's total area is approximately 233,000 square kilometers, of which about 38 percent (just under 89,000

square kilometers) is in India, the remaining 62 percent (144,000 square kilometers) constituting the nation of Bangladesh. The Bengali people speak the Bengali (Bangla) language and live in the Bengal region of the Indian subconti-nent located in northeastern South Asia, and most follow either the Hindu or the Muslim faith. The Bengal Region is divided politically between the nation of Bangladesh and the In-dian state of West Bengal. Bengalis themselves refer to their region as Bangla desh, meaning simply "the

By Y A Shanchoy








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Bengali homeland," a term adopted by the people of eastern Bengal when they won sovereign independence for the nation of Bangladesh in 1971. The native ethnic term for them-selves is Bangali—of which "Bengali" is an anglicization. However, Bengalis who are citizens of Bangladesh most readily call themselves as Bangla-deshi for establishing the national sovereign identity. Bengali speakers at Indian States The following is a list of Indian states and union territories with a significant percentage of the population in these states speaking Bengali West Bengal: 85.34%, Tripura: 67.35%, Assam: 27.91%, Andaman & Nicobar Islands: 25.95%, Jhark-hand: 9.69%, Arunachal Pradesh: 9.4%, Mizoram: 9.18%, Meghalaya: 8.04%, Nagaland: 3.26%, Delhi: 1.51%, Uttarakhand: 1.45%, Orissa: 1.34%, Manipur: 1.3%, Sikkim: 1.18%, Daman & Diu: 1.16%: Chhat-tisgarh: 1%, India: 8.2%. Common Linguistic Phenomena of India & Bangladesh In India, the Bengali language is the second most commonly spoken lan-guage, after Hindi. The National song

and National anthem of India was written and composed in the Bengali language by a Bengali, Rabindranath Tagore, was the first Asian to receive the Nobel Prize for literature (in 1913). The national animal of India, the Royal Bengal Tiger (Panthera ti-gris tigris)is named after the main region (the Bengal delta) in which the language is spoken. Bengali was the focus, in 1951–52, of the Bengali Language Movement (Bhasha Ando-lon) in what was then East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). Although the Ben-gali language was spoken by the ma-jority of Bangladesh's population, Urdu was legislated as the sole na-tional language. On February 21, 1952, protesting students and activ-ists were fired upon by military and police in the University of Dhaka and three young students and several other people were killed. Later on 17 November 1999, UNESCO decided to celebrate every 21 February as Inter-national Mother Language Day in rec-ognition of the deaths of the three students. In a separate event on May 19, 1961, police in Silchar, India, killed eleven people who were pro-testing legislation that mandated the use of the Assamese language.

International Outfits The word "Bangla script" in Ben-gali script Spoken in Bangladesh, India (mainly in West Bengal); and significant communities in UK, USA, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Ma-laysia, Singapore, Middle East, Italy, United Arab Emirates, Aus-tralia, Burma, Canada.

Bangla is the official language in Bangladesh, India (West Bengal, Tripura and Barak Valley) (comprising districts of south As-sam- Cachar, Karimganj and Hailakandi).

Bangla also a recognized secon-dary language in the City of Kara-chi in Pakistan.

Bengali is a second official lan-guage of the Indian state of Jhark-hand from September 2011.

In December 2002, Sierra Leone’s

President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah

also named Bengali as an "official language" in recognition of the work of 5,300 troops from Bangla-desh in the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone peacekeeping force.

In 2009, elected representatives in

both Bangladesh and India (PaschimBengal) called for Bengali to be made an official language of the United Nations.

Regulated by: Bangla Academy (Bangladesh) and Paschimbanga Bangla Akademi (West Bengal, In-dia). Native speakers: 180 million (1997–2001), Total: 230 million (2003), now 300 million total speakers. Language Codes: ISO 639-1: bn, ISO 639-2: ben, ISO 639-3: ben Linguasphere: 59-AAF-u (including Sylheti etc), 30 varieties: 59-AAF-ua...59-AAF-ukBengali (Bangla)

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