new urbanism _principes & références

8/14/2019 New Urbanism _principes & rfrences

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Across North America, and around theworld, an urban design movementcalled New Urbanism is changing theway our cities and towns are built.

Giving Physical Shape to Community


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Giving Physical Shape to CommunityNew urbanist developments arewalkable neighborhoods, ratherthan large, single-use places withstreets hostile to pedestrians.


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Giving Physical Shape to CommunityNew Urbanism provides a range ofhousing choices, from apartmentsover storefronts to single-familyhomes with yards.


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Giving Physical Shape to CommunityCareful, participatory planning ensures that everyone in the neighborhoodhas easy access to the necessities of life, making life easier for kids, theelderly, and people who dont want to drive.


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Response to a ProblemToo many urban neighborhoods have been blighted by oversized housing projectsand centralized redevelopment schemes.


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Response to a ProblemEven older suburbs have suffered as new ones continue to spring up,

skimming off tax base.


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Whats Old in New UrbanismMany of the planning ideas behind New Urbanism are not new.


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Whats Old in New UrbanismUrban design has been an art for millennia.


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Whats Old in New UrbanismSince America was founded, many of ourbest-loved towns and cities have beencarefully planned.


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Where its needed

In fact, New Urbanism guidesdevelopment at all scales, from the

building to the region.

New Urbanism is often associated withnew towns such as Seaside, Florida.


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Where its neededIt includes sizable infill projects within existing cities and towns.

Like in Bethesda, Maryland.


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Where its neededOr New Urbanism can be small projects on individual blocks, like the blockon 8th and Pearl in Boulder, Colorado.


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Where its neededIt can also apply to redeveloped neighborhoods like Park DuValle in Louisville, Kentucky.


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Where its neededNew Urbanism includes greenfield projects, also called traditional neighborhooddevelopments (TNDs). Maryland's Kentlands and Lakelands are among the best-known.


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The Principles of New UrbanismIts principles are divided into three categories:

The Region: Metropolis, City and Town

The Neighborhood, the District, andthe Corridor

The Block, the Street, and the Building


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The RegionTowns within a region need a comprehensivemetropolitan strategy in order to prosper. Eachtown should have both homesfor people ofall incomesand jobs. That way, residents

arent forced to travel far to work. Each townalso needs a discrete sense of place.

Homes

Jobs


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The RegionNew Urbanism calls for towns to develop in theappropriate style for their surroundings, whilerespecting their neighbors.

Gainesville, FL Boca Raton, FL


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The RegionTowns and cities within aregion should have clearboundaries, contributing toa sense of place. The land

between towns should bepreserved as open spacewilderness or farm-land.These edges are as importantas the centers to the successof New Urbanism.


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The RegionWilderness, farmland, villages, town edges, town centers, city neighborhoods, and citycenters each have their own building densities, street sizes, and appropriate mixtures ofretail, residential, and other functions.


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The NeighborhoodDiverse, walkable neighborhoods are what distinguish New Urbanismfrom other modern development styles.


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The NeighborhoodThe word neighborhood gets tossedaround a lot in real estate brochures, so itis important to be clear what it means.Each neighborhood has a center and

an edge. The center should be a publicspace, whether a square, a green, or animportant intersection.


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The NeighborhoodThe optimal size of a neighborhood isa quarter-mile from center to edge.For most people, a quarter mile is afive-minute walk. For a

neighborhood to feel walkable, manydaily needs should be supplied withinthis five-minute walk. That includesnot only homes, but stores,workplaces, schools, houses ofworship, and recreational areas.


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The NeighborhoodPeople within a quarter-mile radius will walk to a majortransit stop. Those who live further from a transit nodeare less likely to bother with the train or bus.


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The NeighborhoodPeople within a quarter-mile radius will walk to amajor transit stop. Those who live further from a transitnode are less likely to bother with the train or bus.


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The Block, Street, and BuildingIf there is one thing that reduces the livability of most postwar suburbs, it is the fact thatstreets do not feel like pleasant, shared spaces.


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The Block, Street, and BuildingIn New Urbanism, streetsare safe, comfortable,interesting places forpeople to walk and meet.

Buildings open ontosidewalks, rather thanparking lots. Windows anddoors facing the sidewalkmake streets safer, andmore interesting, foreveryone.


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The Block, Street, and BuildingNew urbanist streets usebuildings to provide a con-sistent and understandableedge. This accommodates

buildings of all styles andfunctions. Importantlocations are reserved forgrand, attention-gettingbuildings; other sites requirebuildings to respect theircontext.


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The Block, Street, and BuildingNew urbanist streets canaccommodate cars whilealso providing comfort andconvenience for

pedestrians, bicyclists,and wheelchair users.


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The Block, Street, and BuildingSince the suburban boom of the1950s, urban design has taken aback seat. New urbanists are helpingto rediscover this largely lost art.

Excellent design can make a denseneighborhood feel livable and open.CNUs award programs recognizebeautiful, livable neighborhoods.

Fonti di Matilde, Italy

Washington Township, New Jersey

State St, Chicago


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Early EffortsThe first new urbanist town to get built from theground up was Seaside, on the Florida coast.


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Early EffortsBetween 1985 and 1993, several morelarge-scale projects were undertaken inAmericas fast-growing suburbs.Kentlands and Laguna West were two of

the best-known and most ambitious efforts.

Laguna West, CA Kentlands, MD


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Early EffortsIn the early 1990s, the movement was often termed neo-traditional planning. However, that term was a misnomer.As the New Urbanism evolved, its proponents recognizedthat good urbanism is possible with many types of

architecture, town layouts, and densities.


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Progress in the SuburbsNew urbanist architects, planners, and developerscontinue to work on suburban and new towncommunities; they are now under construction inmost states of the U.S. and in other countries

from the Philippines to Finland.


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Progress in the SuburbsSuburbs have not been immune to decline. As places they often engender even lessloyalty than older cities. Today's suburbs can be as impersonal as the large gray citiesof the past, and traffic has proved worse.


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Progress in the SuburbsSuburbs provide fertile ground for new urbanists, who are increasingly interested in infillprojects, housing project redevelopment, and retrofitting town centers into existingsuburbs.


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Progress in the SuburbsIn new suburban developments, new urbanistsare including an ever-wider range ofarchitectural styles. While many new urbanistdevelopments have been built with colonial-style

architecture, recent projects includeneighborhoods of contemporary homes andadobe.


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Cities Get ItIn 1990, most older American citieswere neglected and deteriorating. Newhome buyers were almost exclusivelyinterested in living on the urban fringe.


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Cities Get ItToday, young childless households and empty nesters are jostling for urban real estate. Urbanreinvestment is paying off. Older cities have become Americas hottest real estate markets.


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Cities Get ItNew urbanists have been taking part in urbanredevelopment for years, and are now part of thecomprehensive movement for livable cities.Projects include neighborhood plans, loft

redevelopment, transit villages, and the revival ofaging Main Streets.


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Other SuccessesThe U.S. Department of Housingand Urban Development has takenNew Urbanism to heart with its HOPEVI program. HOPE VI replaces aging,

alienating housing projects withtownhouses, single-family homes,and apartments on walkable,comfortable street grids.


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Other SuccessesMeanwhile, the U.S. GeneralServices Administration thefederal governments landlord andthe nations largest developer has

adopted a new urbanist agenda.Where in the past federal buildingshave not always fit in with theirsurroundings, the GSA hasdedicated itself to using federalinvestments to improve streets,

neighborhoods, and regions.


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Other SuccessesDead mall redevelopment: Mallsbuilt in the 1960s, 70s, and even 80sare already failing in cities and oldersuburbs. But with the help of new

urbanists, some are being convertedinto real neighborhoods.


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SummaryToday, real estate investors are withdrawing from sprawl development. Every year, itgrows clearer that there is a tremendous market demand for real neighborhoods,for lively cities, and for regions with plenty of protected open space.


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SummaryNew Urbanism is inspiring political leaders eager to solve social, economic, and trafficproblems all at once while making cities and towns more beautiful and dignified. Popular"Smart Growth" policies promote New Urbanism while reducing subsidies for sprawl. Thesepolicies are now at the top of the agenda for the nations mayors and governors.


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SummaryEnvironmentalists, businesspeople, politicians, developers, and citizens are comingtogether to support the development strategy called New Urbanism, and the policies ofSmart Growth. Together, we will create better cities and towns.

Presentation production and design by Urban Advantage

new urbanism _principes & références

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