new tools to detect ecological effects of contaminants in … · 2016-12-13 · new tools to detect...
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New tools to detect ecological effects of contaminants in estuaries
ARC Linkage project
Partners: Melbourne Water, CSIRO and Metabolomics Australia
Sara Long and Allyson O’Brien
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Background
• Contaminants (usually in mixtures) can have major impacts on estuaries
• Current assessment methods are: – Do not accurately measure ecological responses – Identify the most severe threat – Expensive
• New molecular techniques may help with this
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Aims
• Develop molecular tools (metabolomics and metabarcoding) for monitoring and assessing pollution stress in estuarine ecosystems
• Validation using field experiments
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Estuaries • 81% of Australia’s population
live within 50 km of estuaries • Provide valuable ecosystem
services • Impacted by urban
development (metals & pesticides) and agricultural run off (fungicides, insecticides & herbicides)
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Environmental Metabolomics • Small molecular weight molecules • Simultaneously measure 50-1000
metabolites • Holistic • A range of methodologies
• Sensitive • Effects observed at lower concentrations
than other endpoints
• Diagnostic for specific chemicals • Cost effective
Collaboration with Dr Dedreia Tull, Dr Con Kouremonos, David De Souza and Prof Malcolm McConville at Bio21 Institute
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Research Questions • To what extent might
different taxa respond in the same way to chemicals?
• Are there any chemical-specific metabolites? Little River Estuary. Source: Georgia Sinclair
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Approach
• Snail Nassarius burchardi and worm Simplisetia aequisetis
• Common and abundant in estuarine intertidal mudflats
• Easy to collect and maintain in the laboratory • Exposure to copper, zinc and boscalid • Metabolomics analysis
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Comparing metabolite responses between species and metals
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Trends in metabolite changes - Zinc
Decreased abundance – Tyrosine – Epinephrine – Normetanephrine – Phenylalanine – Tryptophan – Leucine
Photo : Georgia Sinclair
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Conclusions • Two species responded
differently to the same chemicals – Worms more sensitive than snails – Family/traits
• Handful of metabolites responded to specifically to zinc
• Metabolomics promising tool to detect effects of metal exposure in estuarine organisms
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Metabarcoding
• DNA metabarcoding OR eDNA • Less commonly used in ecological research • Estuarine sediments • Monitoring and diagnostic tool Collaboration with
Dr. Anthony Chariton and Sarah Stephenson
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere
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Chariton et al. (2010) Frontiers in Ecology and Environment
Field survey
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Mesocosms
Field experiments using mesocosms (experimental units)
O’Brien and Keough 2013
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Field experiments Individual and community response measured using metabolomics and
metabarcoding 1. Two pesticides
– Diuron (herbicide) – Boscalid (fungicide)
2. Metal and pesticide – Copper in sediment – Pesticide applied by spraying
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Outcomes
• Adaptable experimental approach using mesocosms
• Biologically relevant endpoints (individuals & communities)
• Cost-effective compared to traditional counting and identification approach
• Ecological relevant indicators of change
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Future directions & opportunities
• Improving details of each approach. • “Community metabolomics &
metabarcoding”. • Test in estuaries along a pollution gradient. • Working with our industry partner, Melbourne
Water, to make these tools useable.
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Acknowledgements CAPIM Georgia Sinclair Gigi Woods Rhianna Boyle Kathryn Hassell Ruther Lee Claudette Kellar Liz Morris Katy Jeppe Vin Pettigrove CAPIM team
Funding
• Australian Research Council
ARC LP project LP140100565 • Melbourne Water: Dr
Rhys Coleman & Dr Melita Stevens
• CSIRO
Metabolomics Australia (Bio21) Komal Kanoija Saravanan Dayalan Sean O’Callaghan