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The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting Services

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Page 1: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

The  Psychology  of  Safety with  regards  to  Confined  Space Entry

Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDTDirector of Consulting Services

Page 2: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

Seek to explore the concept of Human Risk Taking

Provide an overview of the psychology of safety  

Describe why employees work unsafely and enter confined spaces improperly

Discuss strategies and methods to enhance workplace safety in the most effective manner possible 

This Session Will

Page 3: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

Discuss discipline as a viable option

Quote numbers, statistics, or specific exposures

Provide any advice about the technical aspects of Grain Bin Entry 

Cover actions during CSE rescues and retrievals

This session will NOT 

Page 4: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

Generally, plans and policies are well written

Often they are canned or out of the box

Sometimes specific to the company or even to the particular confined space

SO WHY ARE THESE POLICIES OFTEN NOT FOLLOWED?

Your organization has policies and procedures regarding CSE???

Page 5: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

Discipline is generally ineffective at preventing Confined Space Entry (CSE) incidents, injuries, and fatalities?WHY???• People don’t want to get hurt• A huge percentage of events involve 

rescue situations• It is an absolute guarantee that NO ONE 

thinks “it” will happen to them

HUMAN RISK TAKING 

Page 6: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

It’s all about the consequences (more about that later)

A belief that when bad things happen to others it is somehow their fault and a converse belief that when bad things happen to us, it is just bad luck

A sincere desire to help out without serious consideration of the risks

Why do people put themselves at risk?

Page 7: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

Job pressure

Safety requires effort

It has never happened before

A lack of a solid “Safety Culture”

Peer pressure

A desire to assist a distressed employee

Why do people REALLY put themselves at risk???

Page 8: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

What are the two most fundamental concepts when it comes to motivating employees safety???  

I.e.… why do employees work safely?

What do they have in common?

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SAFETY 

Page 9: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

Does motivation through avoidance really work?

Do you work harder trying to achieve something or trying to avoid something?

Scale and scope is important, but is known NOT to be the most important consideration, especially relating to discretionary effort…

When we attempt to motivate persons

Page 10: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

Traditional Safety 

Typically focused on the person

Motivation by avoidance

Based on rules and regulations

Failure oriented

Management owned and driven

People work safely because they have to… 

Page 11: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

Traditional Safety 

Somewhat like a Merry‐go‐Round

And  there’s  nothing  wrong  with  tradit ional  safety…   i f  you  are  happy  with  the  r ide…

Page 12: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

The Punishment Trap

•Punishment is Easy•Punishment Gets Immediate Results•Punishment Becomes an Organizational Value•Punishment Becomes a Reinforcer for the Person Applying It

Punishment gets only avoidance behavior. 

Punishment does not reinforce anything. 

Causing bad behavior to go away doesn’t mean that it will be replaced by the behavior you want

Page 13: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

Its all about the expected results of the behavior

Always keep in mind that decisions are motivated by a desire to achieve something, not avoid something

WHY DO EMPLOYEES WORK UNSAFELY?

Page 14: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

The ABCs of Human Behavior

Antecedent

Behavior

Consequence

ABC

Page 15: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

ANTECEDENTS

Occur before behavior

Communicate expectations

Provide instructions

Cue behavior

Page 16: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

Antecedents in the workplace

have short term effects

are overused (ex: train and re-train)

work best when paired with consequences

not a strong influence behavior ~ 20%

Page 17: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

Some examples of antecedents

Page 18: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting
Page 19: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

BEHAVIOR

Undesirable Behavior

• job behavior which does not meet expectations and requirements

• fail to comply with all safety rules 

Desirable Behavior

• job behavior which meets expectations and requirements

• complies with all safety rules all of the time

Page 20: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

Consequences

Page 21: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

CONSEQUENCESAre either Positive or Negative for the behaviors

Predict the probability of future behavior

Occur after the behavior

Are too powerful to be left to chance

Not used often enough

Page 22: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting
Page 23: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

Learned History = Habit = Behavior

A B C

Learned History (Habit)

Antecedent Behavior Consequence

Page 24: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

What is a Habit…

How does it work for us in Safety?

How does it work against us?

Page 25: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

A word about Training Vs Behavior

Page 26: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

Workplace Culture

A sense of production over safety

Each workplace is perfectly designed to get the results it is currently getting

A belief that unsafe acts are the “fault” of the individual (lack of a systems perspective)

Why does the workplace allow unsafe confined space entry?

Page 27: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

Understand the results from employee actions and CHANGE the consequences!!!

Move from a traditional safety culture of punishment to one of positive reinforcement and accomplishment

Always create situations where employees are more likely to succeed doing CSE the right way rather than to do it unsafely

WHAT IS THE BEST METHOD TO IMPROVE CONFINED SPACE ENTRY?

Page 28: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

Evaluate safety culture to see what the perceptions of the workforce are… (This is a KEY leading indicator)

Establish a FORMAL Behavioral Safety Process

Create a Risk Assessment Group that is fully Cross‐Functional

Some Options for Improving CSE

Page 29: New The Psychology of Safety with Space Entry · 2017. 9. 14. · The Psychology of Safety with regards to Confined Space Entry Chris Goulart MS, CSP, ARM, CDT Director of Consulting

The system of your workplace is perfectly designed to get the results you are currently getting

If you want different results, do something different

Remember….