new solution for bau george w.s. hou (ntu) 2nd open sbelle, 7/3/08 1 a new solution for baryon...

New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 1

A New Solution for Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe

July 3 2008, 2nd Open meeting for proto-sBelle @ KEK


I. The Lore that Despairs the ExperimenterBAU; KM; Heavenly TH; Belle’04, A Kand PEW

II. Going Up a Hill ...Embark; Constraints; Consistency; b → s CP Phase

III. ... (maybe) Becoming a Mountain sin2Bs; AFB; mD; [KL → ] exp exp (expexp)

IV. Soaring to the Starry HeavensBoxes, Penguins, Yukawas; CPVBAU ReduxCPVBAU Redux

V. Towards Solution of BAUCPV — 2-3-4 Dominance; Phase Trans. — Strong Coupling ?

VI. Verification @ LHC ? sin2Bs Confirmation

VII. Conclusion

Outline

s s bb4

; b’, t’ Discovery


I. The Lore that Despairs the Experimenter


Obligé Dispair

Sakharov Conditions: Matter Universe

Antimatter → Matter if:

(1) Proton Decay (Baryon # Violation) (2) Matter-antimatter Asymm.

(CP Violation) (3) Out of Equilibrium

Sakharov (1967)

Particle Physics Astrophysics

Electroweak Baryogenesis !?

Antimatter → Matter if:

(1) Proton Decay (Baryon # Violation) (2) Matter-antimatter Asymm.

(CP Violation) (3) Out of Equilibrium

Sakharov (1967)

Particle Physics Astrophysics

Continue Search for CP Violation

Kuzmin, Rubakov, Shaposhnikov, 1986

✔

Too Small !

EWPhT a crossover ! (not strong enough ...)C

halle

ng

e


103.02.0 10)1.5(

n

nB

WMAP

2010 KM ~

Too Small in SM

B.A.U. from CPV in KMCPV in KM ?

Why? Jarlskog Invariant in SM3 (need 3 generation in KM)

Normalize by T ~ 100 GeV

103~ A is common (unique) area of trianglein SM

masses too small !

CPV Phase

0n

nB


Heavenly TH

“Affleck-Dine”, SUSY etc.: Extra ScalarsScalars (strongly) coupled to H

0

Leptogenesis:

Heavy Majorana Neutrinos

⊕ LFV/CPV Decay

⊕ B/L Violation (“EW Baryogenesis”)

More Scalars!

Popular ! Driving study for neutrinos.

But, “Heavenly” — Could be(come) Metaphysics


PEW

Z’

Belle 2004 PRL: Seedby

“you

rs tr

uly”

ICHEP 2004, Beijing

ACP(B K)ACP(B K)

ACP(K) = 0.04 0.05 0.02

275M BB New

K: 728 53

hint that ACP(K) ACP(K) ? (2.4)

Large EW penguin (Z0) ?

New Physics ?

[also seen by BaBar]

_d

d

K

u u

B sb

Sakai


3.82005


Belle 2008 Nature: Simple Bean Count

AA = = AAKK AAKK == 0.1640.164 0.0370.037 4.4 4.4 0.07 0.03 vs 0.094 0.020


0πππ 0 KBKBK AAA

Experiment is Firm

A K ~ 0 expected

0.097 0.012 0.050 0.025

0.1470.147 0.0280.028 > 5> 5

Why a Puzzle ?

?

_d

d

Ku u

Bsb

Large C ?

Large EWPenguin ?

A lot of (hadronic) finesse

Need NP CPV Phase

PEW has practically no weak phase

in SM

t, ??

Baek, London, PLB653, 249 (2007)

World


Wisdom from Peskin

PEW

C


“I must say that I am very skeptical that the new Belle result is new physics -- a larger than expected color suppressed amplitude is an explanation that is ready at hand. On the other hand, I felt that it was necessary to push the new physics interpretation when writing for the Nature audience, people outside of high energy physics, because this is why the result is potentially newsworthy.”

Peskin (private communication)

color suppressedcolor suppressed

Ya, ya!Need anyway !anyway !I’ll keep crawlin’.


II. Going Up a Hill ...

_d

d

K

u u

B sb


My first B paper

nondecoupling

2

Z

FF GG

2tm

dimensionsdimensions


My first B paper... also on 4th generation


0πππ 0 KBKBK AAA

Experiment is Firm

A K ~ 0 expected

0.097 0.012 0.050 0.025

0.1470.147 0.0280.028 > 5> 5

Why a Puzzle ?

?

_d

d

Ku u

Bsb

Large C ?

Large EWPenguin ?

A lot of (hadronic) finesse

t, ??

Baek, London, PLB653, 249 (2007)

World

Need NP CPV Phase

PEW has practically no weak phase

in SM t, t’ 4th Gen. in EWP Natural

nondecoupling


Going Up a Hill ...

_d

d

K

u u

B sb , t ’Embark


- Disfavored by EW PrecisionEW Precision (see e.g. J. Erler hep-ph/0604035; PDG06

4th Generation Still?

- N counting? 4th “neutrino” heavy Massive neutrinos call for new PhysicsMassive neutrinos call for new Physics

• 4th generation notnot in such great conflict with EWPrT Kribs, Plehn, Spannowsky, Tait, PRD’07

RareB/CPV-BSM George W.S. Hou (NTU) KEKTC6 2/8/07 24

SM 3

Effective b s Hamiltonian and t’ Effect


t ➯ t, t ’

t t

}

{

],[

],[),(M

),(),(2)(

),()(2

0002

0002

12

2

'''

'

'

'

ttSttSλ

ttSλλλ

ttS

ttSttSBf

t

tccBB ss

GIM Respecting

Arhrib and WSH, EPJC’03

CPV Phase


_d

d

Ku u

Bsb t, t’

WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05LO PQCD ⊕ 4th Gen.

A 12% vs 15% (data)

NLO PQCD ⊕ 4th Gen.

A 15% S 0.11

SM3 input

vs 0.340.2x (data)

WSH, Li, Mishima, Nagashima, PRL’07

A = AK+ AK+~ 15% and

Joining C & PEW

Both and in Right Direction !A S

sb P

EW

ion)(illustrat

GeV 030t'm

mBs/mD/AJ/K George W.S. Hou (NTU) ICHEP’06, 7/29/06 27

Consistency and b s Predictions

BR OK ACP ~ 0 far away

beyond SuperB

PDG ’06

SM3

SM3

Heavy t’ effectdecoupledfor b s


tbtsVV

btst VV

cbcsVV ubusVV

“Typical” CKM Matrix

b s

4 x 4 Unitarity ➯ Z/K Constraints

tbtdVV

btdt VV

cbcdVV

ubudVV

x ~ 0.22

b d

Satisfy b d: ✓ Cannot tell trianglefrom quadrangle

WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’05

s b

Z bb_

d s


btst VV

tbtsVV

cbcsVV

cbcdVV-

ubudVV

ubusVV

OS

Q

b →→ d “Triangle” and b →→ s Quadrangle

b b →→ s s

b →→ s Quadrangle Area ~ ()30x b →→ d Triangle

Strength and Size of sB2sin

~ SM3

negligible

b →→ d

(almost Triangle)


III. ... (maybe) Becoming a Mountain

human ants


• Fixed rsb ➯ Narrow sb Range destructivedestructive with top• For rsb ~ 0.02 – 0.03, [Vcb ~ 0.04

sb Range ~ 60 ° - 70

° Finite CPVCPV

Phase

Bs Mixing Measured @ Tevatron in 4/2006

?

Large CPV in BLarge CPV in Bss Mixing Mixing


03.0

02.0

01.0rsb

CDF range

SM (high)

01.002.0

03.0sin2Bs ~ 0.5 - 0.7

Despite mBs, B(bsll) SM-likeWSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05


Sure thing by LHCb ca. 2009

Sign Predicted !

sin2Bs ~ 0.5 - 0.7

Despite mBs, B(bsll) SM-like

03.0

02.0

01.0

CDF range

SM (high)

01.002.0

03.0

rsb

?

A K,

S

WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05

Large CPV in BLarge CPV in Bss Mixing Mixing


Can Large CPV in Bs Mixing Be Measured @ Tevatron ?


sin2Bs ~ 0.5 - 0.7


arXiv:0712.2397 [hep.ex]arXiv:0802.2255 [hep.ex]

sin2Bs 0.640.16 0.14

arXiv:0803.0659 [hep.ph]

UTUTfitfit

IncredibleIncredible !!! !!!

3.73.7 ~2.5

± ?


WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’07 (hep-ph/0610385)

4th Generation ?

Did not ask for this !

Tevatron can compete w/ LHCb

iff |sin2Bs|


CDF now interested

in 4th generation.

229M386M

Ali, Mannel, Morozumi, PLB273, 505 (1991) (F(FLL and) and) AAFBFB (and A (and AII) ) favor the “opposite-sign Cfavor the “opposite-sign C77 model” model”

Fourth Generation PRD 77, 014016 (2008)

Quoted by Tsybychev at FPCP08

Eigen at FPCP08

349 fb-1

data: LHCb MC (2 fb)

a: SM; b: 4 Gen.

better


dbibtdt dbVV

er

cb'ub'VV

PDG06

mb’ = 230 GeV

270310

From 4 x 4 Unitarity

x = m/ ~ 1 - 3 plausible

w/ Sizable (but not huge) CPV in Mixing ~ 15%

D Mixing (Short-distance Only)

N.B. SM LD could generate y ~ 1%, x ≈ y [Falk, Grossman, Ligeti, (Nir,) Petrov]


IV. Soaring to the Starry Heavens


t, t’

On Boxes and Z Penguins

Z



GIM , charm, K

small ’/, K (still waiting)

heavy top , sin2

Z dominance for heavy top1986 2002

Most Flavor/CPV learned from these diagrams


GIM , charm, K

small ’/, K (still waiting)

heavy top , sin2

Z dominance for heavy top1986 2002

All w/ 3-generations, Just wait if there’s a 4th

D ! D !

b’, t ’ @ LHC

BBss

AAFBFB

Nondecoupling∵ ∵ Large Yukawa !



Large Yukawa !


103.02.0 10)1.5(

n

nB

WMAP

2010 KM ~Too Small in SM


Why? Jarlskog Invariant in SM3 (need 3 generation in KM)

Normalize by T ~ 100 GeVmasses too small !


CPV Phase

0n

nB


103.02.0 10)1.5(

n

nB

WMAP

2010 KM ~Too Small in SM



CPV Phase

0n

nB

If shift by One Generation in SM4 (need 3 generation in KM)

Only fac. 30 in CPV per se

~~ 10 101515 Gain Gain

Gain mostly in Large Yukawa Couplings !Gain mostly in Large Yukawa Couplings !

WSH, arXiv:0803.1234 [hep/ph]

MoriondQCD

Providence

Nature wouldNature wouldlikely use this !?likely use this !?

Enough CPV?

Enough CPV?


Only fac. 30 in CPV per se

~~ 10 101515 Gain Gain

Gain mostly in Large Yukawa Couplings !Gain mostly in Large Yukawa Couplings !

btst VV

tbtsVV

cbcsVV

cbcdVV-

ubudVV

ubusVV

OS

Q

b b →→ s s

b →→ d

10101313GeV 300 tb m ,mGeV 600~ 10101515


V. Towards Solution of BAU


CPV for BAU: 2-3-4 Dominance

Jarlskog’85, 3 generations Jarlskog’87, n generations

“3 cycles”also Gronau, Kfir, Loewy ’87

J (1,2,3) small

4 generations: 3 indep. phases

long and short

d-s degenerate2-3-4 generation only !

Effectively 3 generationsEffectively 3 generations(on v.e.v. scale)



btst VV

tbtsVV

cbcsVV

cbcdVV-

ubudVV

ubusVV

OS

Q

b b →→ s s

b →→ d


b →→ s Quadrangle Area ~ ()30x b →→ d Triangle

(almost Triangle)

If Vus shrinks to a point

Difference in area

for b b →→ s s Small

2nd argument that is predominant CPVsbJ (2,3,4)


1st Order Phase Trans. for BAU ?

Ran out of time, and knowledge ...

• Fok & Kribs: Not possible in 4th generation

• Conjecture: Could Strong Yukawa’s do it ?

Beyond Unitarity Limit

Holdom


VI. Verification @ LHC ?

• sin2Bs Confirmation — “Easy” for LHCb

• b’, t’ Discovery — Straightforward at LHC


VII. Conclusion

~~ 10 101515 Gain Gain

10101313GeV 300 tb m ,mGeV 600~ 10101515

Even if O (1)Enough CPV for B.A.U.

Maybe there is a 4th Generation


Backup


Box/EWP Sensitivity to 4th Gen.Box/EWP Sensitivity to 4th Gen.

nondecoupling

),(2)(),(

)(),(

0000

000

,

,)2(

)1(

'''

'

ttSttS

ttS

ttSS

ttSS

QCD penguin

EW penguin

(No New Operators)g less sensitiveg less sensitive


WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05

ACP(K) ~ 12, ACP(K) ~ +0.04 ?

☞ ACP(K) almost independent of t’☞ ACP(K) ACP(K) > 0.1 demands

• sb ~ /2

• Large mt’ and rsb

LargeEffect

LO PQCD


Opposie Sign

4th generation George W.S. Hou (NTU) Flavour/LHC 2/06 57

4th generation not excluded

favored

allowed

Arhrib and WSH

YanirHattori, Hasuike and Wakaizumi

Independently

4th generation George W.S. Hou (NTU) Flavour/LHC 2/06 58

and Prospects

Just Around Corner!(SM3-like)

~ to !Defintely BSMif measured !

Phase


4 x 4 Unitarity ➯ Constraints

We need to deal with mixing matrix in detail to keep Unitarity

From b → s study

SM3

Kaon b s

b dimpose

Cross Check !


Constrain s d from K Physics

(J. Bijnens et al.)

(E. Pallante et al.)

Therefore….

well-satisfy !

“Standard”

No SM3 solution

(shaded)


well-satisfy

Hard to tell apart (non-trivial) with present precision∵ stringent s d

vs Vub ~ 0.01 e-i

Disfavored


enhanced to or even higher !!

In general larger than !!

Implication for

Rate could be enhanced up to almost two orders !!

Grossman-Nir

Current E391A U.L.

Very hard to measure

SM 3

∵ Large CPV Phase


(Too)

Large/Imaginary“Typical” CKM Matrix

4 x 4 Unitarity ➯ Z/K/D Connections

0 cb'ub'cbubcsuscdud VVVVVVVV

ee

ii

SM LD NP SD

Data Driven

new solution for bau george w.s. hou (ntu) 2nd open sbelle, 7/3/08 1 a new solution for baryon...

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