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Chris&ne Wörlen, Ph.D. Grant McEwan University Edmonton, Alberta 12 Sept 2011 Renewable energy in Germany

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Page 1: New Renewable(energyinGermany · 2016. 3. 1. · Achievements: Press)release)of)theFederalMinistry )for)theEnvironmentinSeptember2011:) Inthe )firsthalfof2011,renewableshave)provided

Chris&ne  Wörlen,  Ph.D.  Grant  McEwan  University  Edmonton,  Alberta  12  Sept  2011  

Renewable  energy  in  Germany  

Page 2: New Renewable(energyinGermany · 2016. 3. 1. · Achievements: Press)release)of)theFederalMinistry )for)theEnvironmentinSeptember2011:) Inthe )firsthalfof2011,renewableshave)provided

Outline  „The  way  we  green“  

•  Energy  in  Germany  

•  The  Renewable  Energy  Law  for  Electricity  •  Impact  

•  Conclusion  

Page 3: New Renewable(energyinGermany · 2016. 3. 1. · Achievements: Press)release)of)theFederalMinistry )for)theEnvironmentinSeptember2011:) Inthe )firsthalfof2011,renewableshave)provided

ENERGY  IN  GERMANY  

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Germany  vs.  Alberta  

Alberta   Germany  

Area   661,848  km²   357,021  km2    

Popula&on   3,724,832   81,799,600  

Popula&on  density   5.38  /km2   229/km2  

GDP  per  cap.   C$49,563  (2009)   $40,631  (2010)  

Energy  sector    framework  direc&ons  

Federal  Government   EU  

Power  sector   Deregulated   Deregulated  (except  grids)  

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anthracite  19%  

lignite  24%  

oil  1%  

natural  gas  13%  

nuclear  23%  

wind  6%  

gas  4%  

biomass  4%  

pv  2%  

waste  1%  

other  renewables  

3%  Power  GeneraAon    in  Germany  in  2010  

Source:  BMWi  Energiesta&s&k  2011  

Power  GeneraAon    in  Alberta  

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ENERGY  POLICY  IN  GERMANY  2010  AND  2011  

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The  Nuclear  phase-­‐out  history  in  Germany  I  

Chancellor  Schröder  (Social  Democra&c/Green  Party  coali&on)  

•  14/06/2000  –  law  to  phase  out  nuclear  power  –  Step  plan  to  phase  out  nuclear  power  by  2021  –  Each  power  plants  gets  assigned  a  residual  amount  of  power  to  be  

produced  in  the  facility  

–  Can  be  transferred  from  older  to  newer  plants  

Chancellor  Merkel  (Conserva&ve  /  Liberal  Party  coali&on)  

•  05/09/2010  –  decision  to  reverse  the  phase  out,  again                extending  the  li_ime  of  nuclear  power  plants  

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The  German  Government´s  Energy  Concept  2010.  

•  Cabinet  decision  Oct  2010  •  Jointly  developed  by  the  Federal  Ministry  for  the  Environment  

(BMU)  and  the  Federal  Ministry  of  Economics  (BMWi)  

•  Long  term  strategy  up  un&l  2050  (scenarios)  

•  Focus  on  economic  efficiency,  security  of  supply  and  compa&bility  with  environmental  objec&ves  including  climate  protec&on  objec&ves  (EU-­‐20-­‐20-­‐20  targets)  

•  Nuclear  power  should  be  allowed  to  con&nue  beyond  2021.    

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The  German  Government´s  Energy  Concept  (II).  

•  Targets  –  GHG  emission  reduc&on  compared  to  1990  levels  

•  40%  by  2020  and  80-­‐95%  by  2050  –  Renewables  share  of  final  energy  consump&on    

•  18%  by  2020  and  60%  by  2050  

–  Renewable  share  in  gross  electricity  consump&on  

•  35%  by  2020  and  80%  by  2050  

–  Primary  energy  consump&on  reduc&on  compared  to  2008  

•  20%  by  2020  and  50%  by  2050  

–  Annual  increase  in  energy  produc&vity  2.1%  

–  Electricity  consump&on  to  be  cut  25%  by  2050  

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The  Nuclear  phase-­‐out  history  in  Germany  (II)  

Source:  bfs,  2008  

•  11  Mar  2011  –  Nuclear  catastrophe  in  Fukushima    

•  14  Mar  2011  –three  month  moratorium  suspending  eight  of  seventeen  nuclear  power  plants    

•  30  May  2011  –  2nd  phase  out  of    nuclear  power  in  Germany  –  Suspended  plants  remain  down  

–  Phase-­‐out  by  2022  (expected  power    plant  life&me  of  32  years)  

–  The  residual  electricity  amounts  of    the  suspended  power  plants  will  be    transferred  to  the  ones  s&ll  opera&ng  

–  Proposal  for  a  permanent  repository    for  nuclear  waste  is  to  be  developed  

–  Federal  Grid  Regula&on  Agency  to  assess    security  of  supply  

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The  German  Government´s  Energy  Concept  2010  (II).  

•  Refined  and  specified  in  June  2011    –  Amendment  of  Atomic  Energy  Act  (AtG)  

–  Amendment  of  Renewable  Energy  Act  (EEG)  

–  Amendment  to  Energy  Economy  Act  (EnWGÄndG)  –  Grid  expansion  acceleraAon  Act  (NABEG)  –  Amendment  to  Act  on  the  foundaAon  of  special  assets  for  Energy  

and  Climate    

–  Act  to  enhance  climate  friendly  development  in  ciAes  and  municipaliAes      

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Energy  generaAon  

Renewable  energies  –  Loan  program  „offshore  wind“  financed  by  the  KfW  banking  group  

with  5  billion  Euro  for  the  construc&on  of  the  first  10  wind  parks  

–  Amendment  to  construc&ng  planning  regula&ons  to  simplify  repowering  of  wind  parks  

–  Amendment  to  EEG  

Fossil  fuels  –  Accelerated  construc&on  of  10  GW  fossil  power  plants  un&l  2013  –  Addi&onal  10  GW  of  fossil  power  plants  un&l  2020  

-­‐  

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Energy  transiAon  II  

Grid  issues  (amendment  of  EnWG)    –  New  regulaAons  for  storage  technologies  (new  storage  faciliAes  will  

be  exempted  from  network  fees)  

–  New  regulaAons  for  smart  grid  –  IntroducAon  of  mandatory  grid  extension  planning  over  the  next  10  

years  for  the  transmission  grid  level  

–  Grid  extension  plans  will  be  accompanied  by  public  consultaAons  to  enhance  public  acceptance  

–  Research  and  Development  for    storage  technologies  will  be  aided  with  200  Mio.  Euro  unAl  2014  

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The  Federal  Network  Agency´s  statement  on  security  of  supply  

•  31/08/2011  –  Federal  Network  Agency  announces  no  need  for  a  back-­‐up  nuclear  plant  in  2012/13  for  the  sake  of  security  of  supply  –  IdenAfied  back-­‐up  capacity  in  Germany  1,009  MW  and  another  1,075  

MW  in  Austria    

–  For  the  winter  2012/13  it  is  suggested  to  keep  the  power  plant  „Staudinger  3“  running  three  month  longer  unAl  31/  03/  2011  before  decomissioning,  and  allow  for  operaAon  of  five  blocks  of  coal  power  plant  in  Mannheim,  where  only  four  had  been  allowed  to  run  at  once  for  environmental  reasons  

–  Grid  is  stable  even  with  excepAonal  conAngencies  

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RENEWABLE  ENERGY  IN  GERMANY  

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How  much  energy  does  the  sun  deliver  in  Florida?  Solar  resources  of  Germany  and  Canada.  

Source:  Natural  Resources  Canada,  courtesy  Tim  Weis,  Pembina  InsAtute  

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Steady  renewable  energy  growth  trends  in  Germany    (1998  –  2010)….  

Source:  BMU  2011  

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The Renewable Electricity Law (Standard offer program, „FIT“) in Germany and its effect

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German  Renewable  Energy  Sources  Act    („Feed-­‐in-­‐Tariff“)    

– A  beger  name:  Standard  Offer  Program  

–  …as  it  is  open  for  everybody.  

–  UAlity  (DSO)  has  to  build  grid  connecAon,    –  UAlity  (DSO)  has  to  purchase  the  power  that  is  produced  when  it  is  

produced,  

–  Rate  is  set  at  a  cost-­‐recovering  price  –  Rate  is  paid  over  a  sufficiently  long  Ame  frame  to  recover  investment  

at  low  margin.  

–  Rate  goes  down  every  year  to  incenAvize  early  acAon.    

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German  Renewable  Energy  Sources  Act  („Feed-­‐in-­‐Tariff“)    

•  …guarantees  that  the  grid  connec&on  is  established,    •  …guarantees  that  the  power  is  purchased,  •  …guarantees  that  this  happens  at  a  cost-­‐recovering  price  •  …and  over  a  sufficiently  long  &me  frame.  •  …incen&vizes  early  ac&on,    •  …is  open  for  everybody,  and  facilitates  the  development  of  

new  business  models.    

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Renewable  electricity  in  Germany,  1990  -­‐  2010.  

Source:  BMU  2011  

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Renewable  electricity  sources  in  Germany,  2010.  

Source:  BMU  2011  

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Source:  BMU  2011  

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Source:  BMU  2011  

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Heat  subsidy  program.  

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Renewable  fuels  in  Germany,  1991  -­‐  2010.  

Source:  BMU  2011  

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Impacts

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Achievements:  

Press  release  of  the  Federal  Ministry  for  the  Environment  in  September  2011  :  In  the  first  half  of  2011,  renewables  have  provided  more  than  20%  in  overall  electricity  produc&on  in  Germany  

–  Hundreds  of  thousands  of  solar  PV  roofs  –  21,000  wind  turbines  –  4,500  biogas  plants  

–  118  Mio.  t  CO2  avoided  

–  ReducAon  of  energy  import  dependence  for  >10%  of  our  electricity  supply  

–  Hundreds  of  thousands  of  energy  entrepreneurs.  –  300.000  +  renewable  energy  jobs.    

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CO2  avoidance  through  renewable  energy,  2010.  

Source:  BMU  2011  

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And  who  pays?  The  power  user.    

Source:  BMU  2010,  own  diagramme  

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Source:  BMU  2011  

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RENEWABLE  ENERGY  –  JOBS  

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Employment  in  renewable  energy  (official  version)  

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Local  Benefit:  Jobs  

•  Every  third  German  electrical  contractor  now  works  also  in  solar.    

•  On  average,  he  installed  10  solar  photovoltaic  systems  last  year,  and  generated  400.000  Euros  revenue  with  that.    

Source:  Survey  ZVEH  2010  

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Job  offers  by  field  of  business  acAvity    in  the  renewable  energy  job  market  in  2009  

38  

Own  translated  diagram  based  on:  Wissenscha_sladen  Bonn  et  al.  2009,  p.4  

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Job  offers  in  the  German  renewable  energy  job  market  by  basic  skills  required  

39  

Own  translated  diagram  based  on:  Wissenscha_sladen  Bonn  et  al.  2009,  p.4  

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Renewable  energy  jobs  require  more  labor  than  other  industries.  

Source:  Wei,  Patadia  and  Kammen  2010  

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Renewable  energy  jobs  compared  to    other  energy  jobs.  

Source:  BMU  2010,  FH  Wiesbaden  2008  

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Example:  Feldheim  

•  Part  of  rural  town  Treuenbrietzen  south  of  Berlin  •  Idea:  100  %  renewable  energy  supply  for  

–  Energy  security  –  Anrac&ve  prices  for  electricity  and  heat  –  Local  economic  opportuni&es  (jobs,  investment)  –  Addi&onal  local  tax  income  –  Feldheim  and  Treuenbrietzen  as  anrac&ve  place  to  live  

•  Driven  by:  municipality,  local  agricultural  coop  „Fläming  eG“  and  project  developer  „Energiequelle  GmbH“,  opera&ng  through  „Feldheim  Energie  GmbH  &Co  KG“  as  project  company  

•  Feldheim  home  owners  can  become  part  of  the  project  company  

•  Smart  Grid,  energy  genera&on  facili&es  and  management  

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Feldheim  Smart  Grid  

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Components  

•  Windpark  with  74  MWel  •  Transformer  Substa&on  •  Solar  power  plant  with  2.26  MWel  

•  Industrial  manufacturing  facility  for  solar  trackers  •  Biogas  plant  with  500  kWel  

•  Local  heat  pipes  network  (39  residen&al  homes,  1  farm  with  3  stables,  tracker  factory)  for  1600  kWth  (investment  support  from  EU  and  State  of  Brandenburg)    

•  Local  price  for  power:  6  Euro  basic  charge,  16,6  Cents  /kWh  in  Dec  2009  

•  Public  informa&on  facility  „Neue  Energien  Forum“  

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100%  communiAes  

•  The  Federal  Environmental  Ministry  finances  the  Project  „100%  renewable  regions“      –  Up  unAl  today  around  100  municipaliAes  

and  regions  aim  for  100%  renewables  within  that  project  

•  Annual  conference  on  100%  regions    •  Federal  Renewable  Energy  Agency  

awards  the  „energy  community“  each  month  (e.g.  Rügen,  Schöneck,  Pellworm,  Schwäbisch  Hall)  

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Energy  vision  for  Germany:  BMU-­‐Leitszenario.  

Primary  energy  –    future  development  

Renewables  –    future  development  

Source:  BMU  2008  

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Conclusion

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Renewables  in  Germany  

•  Con&nued  support  since  the  1990  •  Led  to  benefits  on  several  levels  

–  Environmental  

–  Economic  

–  Social    

•  German  economy  gained  a  new  industry  which  is  growing  very  strong  and  sa&sfies  a  basic  human  need.    

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Thank  you  for  your  agenAon.  

QuesAons?  ChrisAne  Wörlen  Woerlen(at)arepo-­‐consult.com  

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Renewables  crowd  out  fossil  generaAon  (I)  

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Renewables  crowd  out  fossil  generaAon  (II)  

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Renewables  crowd  out  fossil  generaAon  (III)  

Source:  Photon  (US)  Sept  2011  

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Example  2:  Wildpoldsried  

•  hnp://www.wildpoldsried.de/index.shtml?homepage  

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From:  Oschmann  /  Optres  

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From:  Oschmann  /  Optres  

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From:  Oschmann  /  Optres  

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From:  Oschmann  /  Optres  

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The  merit  order  effect