new renewable(energyingermany · 2016. 3. 1. · achievements: press)release)of)thefederalministry...
TRANSCRIPT
Chris&ne Wörlen, Ph.D. Grant McEwan University Edmonton, Alberta 12 Sept 2011
Renewable energy in Germany
Outline „The way we green“
• Energy in Germany
• The Renewable Energy Law for Electricity • Impact
• Conclusion
ENERGY IN GERMANY
Germany vs. Alberta
Alberta Germany
Area 661,848 km² 357,021 km2
Popula&on 3,724,832 81,799,600
Popula&on density 5.38 /km2 229/km2
GDP per cap. C$49,563 (2009) $40,631 (2010)
Energy sector framework direc&ons
Federal Government EU
Power sector Deregulated Deregulated (except grids)
anthracite 19%
lignite 24%
oil 1%
natural gas 13%
nuclear 23%
wind 6%
gas 4%
biomass 4%
pv 2%
waste 1%
other renewables
3% Power GeneraAon in Germany in 2010
Source: BMWi Energiesta&s&k 2011
Power GeneraAon in Alberta
ENERGY POLICY IN GERMANY 2010 AND 2011
The Nuclear phase-‐out history in Germany I
Chancellor Schröder (Social Democra&c/Green Party coali&on)
• 14/06/2000 – law to phase out nuclear power – Step plan to phase out nuclear power by 2021 – Each power plants gets assigned a residual amount of power to be
produced in the facility
– Can be transferred from older to newer plants
Chancellor Merkel (Conserva&ve / Liberal Party coali&on)
• 05/09/2010 – decision to reverse the phase out, again extending the li_ime of nuclear power plants
The German Government´s Energy Concept 2010.
• Cabinet decision Oct 2010 • Jointly developed by the Federal Ministry for the Environment
(BMU) and the Federal Ministry of Economics (BMWi)
• Long term strategy up un&l 2050 (scenarios)
• Focus on economic efficiency, security of supply and compa&bility with environmental objec&ves including climate protec&on objec&ves (EU-‐20-‐20-‐20 targets)
• Nuclear power should be allowed to con&nue beyond 2021.
The German Government´s Energy Concept (II).
• Targets – GHG emission reduc&on compared to 1990 levels
• 40% by 2020 and 80-‐95% by 2050 – Renewables share of final energy consump&on
• 18% by 2020 and 60% by 2050
– Renewable share in gross electricity consump&on
• 35% by 2020 and 80% by 2050
– Primary energy consump&on reduc&on compared to 2008
• 20% by 2020 and 50% by 2050
– Annual increase in energy produc&vity 2.1%
– Electricity consump&on to be cut 25% by 2050
The Nuclear phase-‐out history in Germany (II)
Source: bfs, 2008
• 11 Mar 2011 – Nuclear catastrophe in Fukushima
• 14 Mar 2011 –three month moratorium suspending eight of seventeen nuclear power plants
• 30 May 2011 – 2nd phase out of nuclear power in Germany – Suspended plants remain down
– Phase-‐out by 2022 (expected power plant life&me of 32 years)
– The residual electricity amounts of the suspended power plants will be transferred to the ones s&ll opera&ng
– Proposal for a permanent repository for nuclear waste is to be developed
– Federal Grid Regula&on Agency to assess security of supply
The German Government´s Energy Concept 2010 (II).
• Refined and specified in June 2011 – Amendment of Atomic Energy Act (AtG)
– Amendment of Renewable Energy Act (EEG)
– Amendment to Energy Economy Act (EnWGÄndG) – Grid expansion acceleraAon Act (NABEG) – Amendment to Act on the foundaAon of special assets for Energy
and Climate
– Act to enhance climate friendly development in ciAes and municipaliAes
Energy generaAon
Renewable energies – Loan program „offshore wind“ financed by the KfW banking group
with 5 billion Euro for the construc&on of the first 10 wind parks
– Amendment to construc&ng planning regula&ons to simplify repowering of wind parks
– Amendment to EEG
Fossil fuels – Accelerated construc&on of 10 GW fossil power plants un&l 2013 – Addi&onal 10 GW of fossil power plants un&l 2020
-‐
Energy transiAon II
Grid issues (amendment of EnWG) – New regulaAons for storage technologies (new storage faciliAes will
be exempted from network fees)
– New regulaAons for smart grid – IntroducAon of mandatory grid extension planning over the next 10
years for the transmission grid level
– Grid extension plans will be accompanied by public consultaAons to enhance public acceptance
– Research and Development for storage technologies will be aided with 200 Mio. Euro unAl 2014
The Federal Network Agency´s statement on security of supply
• 31/08/2011 – Federal Network Agency announces no need for a back-‐up nuclear plant in 2012/13 for the sake of security of supply – IdenAfied back-‐up capacity in Germany 1,009 MW and another 1,075
MW in Austria
– For the winter 2012/13 it is suggested to keep the power plant „Staudinger 3“ running three month longer unAl 31/ 03/ 2011 before decomissioning, and allow for operaAon of five blocks of coal power plant in Mannheim, where only four had been allowed to run at once for environmental reasons
– Grid is stable even with excepAonal conAngencies
RENEWABLE ENERGY IN GERMANY
How much energy does the sun deliver in Florida? Solar resources of Germany and Canada.
Source: Natural Resources Canada, courtesy Tim Weis, Pembina InsAtute
Steady renewable energy growth trends in Germany (1998 – 2010)….
Source: BMU 2011
The Renewable Electricity Law (Standard offer program, „FIT“) in Germany and its effect
German Renewable Energy Sources Act („Feed-‐in-‐Tariff“)
– A beger name: Standard Offer Program
– …as it is open for everybody.
– UAlity (DSO) has to build grid connecAon, – UAlity (DSO) has to purchase the power that is produced when it is
produced,
– Rate is set at a cost-‐recovering price – Rate is paid over a sufficiently long Ame frame to recover investment
at low margin.
– Rate goes down every year to incenAvize early acAon.
German Renewable Energy Sources Act („Feed-‐in-‐Tariff“)
• …guarantees that the grid connec&on is established, • …guarantees that the power is purchased, • …guarantees that this happens at a cost-‐recovering price • …and over a sufficiently long &me frame. • …incen&vizes early ac&on, • …is open for everybody, and facilitates the development of
new business models.
Renewable electricity in Germany, 1990 -‐ 2010.
Source: BMU 2011
Renewable electricity sources in Germany, 2010.
Source: BMU 2011
Source: BMU 2011
Source: BMU 2011
Heat subsidy program.
Renewable fuels in Germany, 1991 -‐ 2010.
Source: BMU 2011
Impacts
Achievements:
Press release of the Federal Ministry for the Environment in September 2011 : In the first half of 2011, renewables have provided more than 20% in overall electricity produc&on in Germany
– Hundreds of thousands of solar PV roofs – 21,000 wind turbines – 4,500 biogas plants
– 118 Mio. t CO2 avoided
– ReducAon of energy import dependence for >10% of our electricity supply
– Hundreds of thousands of energy entrepreneurs. – 300.000 + renewable energy jobs.
CO2 avoidance through renewable energy, 2010.
Source: BMU 2011
And who pays? The power user.
Source: BMU 2010, own diagramme
Source: BMU 2011
RENEWABLE ENERGY – JOBS
Employment in renewable energy (official version)
Local Benefit: Jobs
• Every third German electrical contractor now works also in solar.
• On average, he installed 10 solar photovoltaic systems last year, and generated 400.000 Euros revenue with that.
Source: Survey ZVEH 2010
Job offers by field of business acAvity in the renewable energy job market in 2009
38
Own translated diagram based on: Wissenscha_sladen Bonn et al. 2009, p.4
Job offers in the German renewable energy job market by basic skills required
39
Own translated diagram based on: Wissenscha_sladen Bonn et al. 2009, p.4
Renewable energy jobs require more labor than other industries.
Source: Wei, Patadia and Kammen 2010
Renewable energy jobs compared to other energy jobs.
Source: BMU 2010, FH Wiesbaden 2008
Example: Feldheim
• Part of rural town Treuenbrietzen south of Berlin • Idea: 100 % renewable energy supply for
– Energy security – Anrac&ve prices for electricity and heat – Local economic opportuni&es (jobs, investment) – Addi&onal local tax income – Feldheim and Treuenbrietzen as anrac&ve place to live
• Driven by: municipality, local agricultural coop „Fläming eG“ and project developer „Energiequelle GmbH“, opera&ng through „Feldheim Energie GmbH &Co KG“ as project company
• Feldheim home owners can become part of the project company
• Smart Grid, energy genera&on facili&es and management
Feldheim Smart Grid
Components
• Windpark with 74 MWel • Transformer Substa&on • Solar power plant with 2.26 MWel
• Industrial manufacturing facility for solar trackers • Biogas plant with 500 kWel
• Local heat pipes network (39 residen&al homes, 1 farm with 3 stables, tracker factory) for 1600 kWth (investment support from EU and State of Brandenburg)
• Local price for power: 6 Euro basic charge, 16,6 Cents /kWh in Dec 2009
• Public informa&on facility „Neue Energien Forum“
100% communiAes
• The Federal Environmental Ministry finances the Project „100% renewable regions“ – Up unAl today around 100 municipaliAes
and regions aim for 100% renewables within that project
• Annual conference on 100% regions • Federal Renewable Energy Agency
awards the „energy community“ each month (e.g. Rügen, Schöneck, Pellworm, Schwäbisch Hall)
Energy vision for Germany: BMU-‐Leitszenario.
Primary energy – future development
Renewables – future development
Source: BMU 2008
Conclusion
Renewables in Germany
• Con&nued support since the 1990 • Led to benefits on several levels
– Environmental
– Economic
– Social
• German economy gained a new industry which is growing very strong and sa&sfies a basic human need.
Thank you for your agenAon.
QuesAons? ChrisAne Wörlen Woerlen(at)arepo-‐consult.com
Renewables crowd out fossil generaAon (I)
Renewables crowd out fossil generaAon (II)
Renewables crowd out fossil generaAon (III)
Source: Photon (US) Sept 2011
Example 2: Wildpoldsried
• hnp://www.wildpoldsried.de/index.shtml?homepage
From: Oschmann / Optres
From: Oschmann / Optres
From: Oschmann / Optres
From: Oschmann / Optres
The merit order effect