NobuchikaOkada

UniversityofAlabama

NewPhysicsModelsandDarkMa;erPar<cles

2010DUSELPHYSICSWORKSHOP@SDSMT,Oct.1‐3,2010

Introduc<on

ExistenceofDarkMaKerhasbeenestablished!

WilkinsonMicrowaveAnisotropyProbe(WMAP)satellitehasestablishedtheenergybudgetofthepresentUniversewithagreataccuracy

DarkMaKerparVcle:non‐baryonicelectricchargeneutral(quasi)stable

ToclarifytheidenVtyoftheDMparVcleissVllaprimeopenquesVoninparVclephysicsandcosmology

WIMP(WeaklyInteracVngMassiveParVcle)

Non‐WIMP/super‐WIMP

InteractwithSMparVclesthermalequilibrium

NocandidateforDMintheSMNeedNewPhysicsbeyondtheSMwhichnaturallyincorporateDMparVcle

DarkMaKerParVcle

VeryweaklyInteractwithSMparVclesCannotbeinthermalequilibrium

WIMP(WeaklyInteracVngMassiveParVcle)

InteractwithSMparVclesthermalequilibriumDMasthermalrelic

Time

Temp.

high

low

InflaVon?

ReheaVngalltheparVclesareinthermalequilibrium

BigBangNucleosynthesis

Equalepoch

MaKerdominatedera

RadiaVondominatedera

DecouplingofDarkMaKer

WIMPisinthermalequilibrium

BoltzmannequaVon

:averageofannihilaVoncrosssecVon

RelicabundanceofWIMPisdeterminedbysolvingBoltzmannEq.

DMrelicabundanceisinsensiVvetothehistoryoftheearlyuniversebeforethefreeze‐outVmeofthedarkmaKer

1 100 1000 10

Freeze-out

Increasing 〈σv 〉

x =m/T (time)

equilibrium After freeze-out

g=0.1–1

m=10GeV–1TeVfor

WIMPdarkmaKermassliesaroundtheweakscale

SolvingBoltzmanneq.

Non‐WIMP/super‐WIMP

VeryweaklyInteracVngwithSMparVclesCannotbeinthermalequilibrium

Relicabundanceofnon‐WIMP?

Non‐WIMPproducVonofthermalplasma

Highlydependsonthermalhistoryoftheuniverse

Non‐thermalproducVonviadecayofotherparVcles

Late‐Vmedecay:

Dangerousforbigbangnucleosynthesis(BBN)

WIMPdarkma;erhypothesis

WIMPsareamongthebestmoVvatedclassesofcandidatesforthedarkmaKer

TherehavebeenmanyNewPhysicsModelsproposedwhichnaturallypredictWIMPdarkmaKer

SM+Singletscalar,SUSY,UED,Li;leHiggswithT‐parityetc.

Inves<ga<ngthenatureofDarkMa;er

ColliderPhysics(LHC,ILC,…)

ProducingDMparVclesatcollidersandmeasureDMproperVesmass,couplingswithSMparVcles,spin,etc.

DirectdetecVonofDM AvarietyofexperimentshasbeencarriedouttodirectlydetectdarkmaKerparVclethroughitselasVcscaKeringoffanucleon

nucleon

detector

DMunderground

cosmicraysoriginaVngfromDMpairannihilaVons/DMrate‐Vmedecayinthehaloassociatedwithourgalaxy,sun,…

IndirectdetecVonofDM

Sun

Halo

Sun

DM

DM

Earth

Cosmic‐ray

Manyexperiments:

HEAT,PAMELA,ATIC,PPB‐BETS,Fermi‐LAT

HESS,MAGIC,EGRET,Fermi‐GLAST

Super‐K,IceCube

ModelsforWIMPDM

DMcandidatestable&electricchargeneutral

Parity

odd1 0AllSMfieldsareparity‐even

(1)SMsinglet

Parity odd

DM candidate

DMhastheweakinteracVon

isaccompaniedbysomechargedparVclesinthemulVplet

whosemassesareofthesameorder

(2)SMmulVplets

singletscalarDM

Parity

odd1 0

Addaparity‐oddsinglet(real)scalartotheSM

InteracVonsbetweenWIMPDMandSMparVcles

writeaslowdimensionalinteracVonsaspossible

Candidatesfor:

…dim4OP

dim2OP

DarkmaKercouplestoHiggsbilinearOPHiggsportalscenario

Lagrangian

AierEWsymmetrybreaking

Only3freeparametersareinvolvedinDMphys.

RelicabundanceofthedarkmaKer

SolvetheBoltzmannequaVonwithfreeparametersofthemodel

AnnihilaVonprocesses:

2freeparameters:

Higgsmass120GeV

GeV

Higgspole

EffecVveinteracVonsofthedarkmaKerswithgluonandquarks

Formomentumtransfer<<Higgsmass

ConstraintfromdirectdetecVonexperiment

Xenon10+CDMSII

SuperCDMS

Infuture,DMmassisalmostdeterminedifallowed

Higgsmass120GeV

Kenemura,Matsumoto,Nabeshima,N.O.PRD82,055026(2010)

ImpactsonHiggsbosonsearch@LHC

CurrentHiggsbosonmassbound:

Higgsmass<160GeVseemsfavorable

BranchingfracVons

ForHiggsmass<150GeV,hboKomquarksdominateseventhoughthecouplingisquitesmall

IfthedarkmaKerislight,HiggsbosoncandecayintoapairofdarkmaKersandthisbranchingraVocanbesizable

InvisibledecaydominatesforForHiggsmass120GeV

HiggsinvisibledecayalongWMAPallowedregion

HiggsbosonsearchatLHC

HiggsbosonproducVondominantlybygluonfusion,

followedbyweekbosonfusion

DiscoverypotenValofinvisibleHiggsbosonatLHC

h q q’

W+ W‐

measured

measured

Measureforward‐backwardjets

MissingETassociatedwithHiggsbosonproducVonanditsinvisibledecaysintoaDMpair

Higgswithcanbediscovered

Kenemura,Matsumoto,Nabeshima,N.O.,PRD82,055026(2010)Combiningall

Cyanregioniscorrespondingto“posiVvesignal”ofdarkmaKerparVclereportedbytheCDMSIIexperiment.Thisregiononlyappearsat1‐sigmaC.L.

SUSYalternaVve,butsimilarstructure

NoquadraVcdivergence@1‐looplevel

QuadraVcdivergenceiscancelled

byLiKleHiggsPartnercontribuVons

Arkani‐hamed,Sohen,Georgi,Nelson,Katz,Gregoile,Wacker,2002LiKleHiggsModel

LiKleHiggsModel

quark,lepton(1/2)heavyquark,heavylepton(1/2)

gaugeboson(1)heavygaugeboson(1)

Higgs(0)heavyHiggs(0)

SMparVcles LHpartners

heavy``Photon’’becomesstable

 DMcandidate!

T‐parity:evenodd

RelicdensitycalculaVon

MainannihilaVonprocesses:

WMAPallowedregion

Asano,Matsumoto,N.O.&Okada

PRD75203506(2007)

DirectDetecVonExperiment

Birkedal,Noble,Prelstein&Spray,PRD74:035002,2006

Xenon10+CDMSII

SuperCDMS

Higgsmass120GeV

AnalogoustothesingletscalarDM

Sun

Annihilation

e+

Halo

e+

Cosmic positron flux from DM pair annihilations

Solve diffusion equations

TheseregionsareaccessibletoPAMELA

PredicVonforcosmic‐raypositronflux

(beforePAMELAresults)

PAMELAresultswerereleasedonOct.,2008

Muchbiggerexcessofcosmic‐raypositronflux!

Asano,Matsumoto,N.O.&Okada

PRD75203506(2007)

Recenthottopic:cosmic‐raye+/e‐excesses

ThePAMELAexperimenthasreportedasignificantpositronexcessovertheexpectedbackgroundwithoutacorrespondingincreaseinthefluxofanV‐protons!Adrianietal.,Nature458,(2009)607

Positronexcess

Expected

SolaracVvity

Expected

UniversalExtraDimension(UED)

ExtradimensionmodelwithSMparVclesinbulk

Onlythreemodelparameters:

KKmodesofSMparVcles:

masssplixngbyEWcorrecVons

Specialsymmetry:KKparitylightestKKparVcle(LKP)isstable

DarkMaKercandidate

SMcouplingswithKKparityselecVonrule:

totalKKnumbershouldbeEVEN

SM(even) 1stKK

(odd)

2ndKK(even)

Appelquist,Cheng&Dobrescu,

PRD64,035002(2001)

SM

5DSM

5thdimiscompacVfiedon

1‐loopcorrected1stKKmodemassspectrum

DMcandidate

1stKKmodemassspectrumisverysimilartoMSSM

SparVcles1stKKmodes

SpinsofcorrespondingparVclesaredifferent

Cheng,Matchev&Schmaltz,

PRD66,056006(2002)

KinemaVcsissimilarSUSYorUED?difficult@LHC

ILCdiscriminateSUSYorUED

Processes:

in UED

in SUSY

Missing

Comparisonof

with

Relicabundance Kakizaki,Matsumoto&Senami,PRD7523504,2006

Direct&IndirectdetecVons

nucleon

detector

DMunderground

Sun

DM

DM

Earth

IceCubeExperiment

Flacke,Menon,Hooper&Freese,arXiv:0908.0899[hep‐ph]

LimitsfromIceCubearestrongerthanthosefromdirectDMdetecVonexperiments

Summary

ExistenceofDMhasbeenestablished

SMshouldbeextendedtoincorporateDMparVcle

WIMPDMisthemostpromisingcandidate

TherehavebeenmanyproposalsforextensionofSMSUSY,UED,LiKleHiggs,singletDMmodel,etc…

ToclarifytheidenVtyofDMissVllaprimeopenprobleminparVclephysicsandcosmology

Combiningallknowledgeobtainedbytheories,colliderexperiments,direct&indirectdetecVonofDMexperimentsmayrevealtheDMproperVesinnearfuture