New Nation, Early Challenges

Chapter 8, Sections 1 & 2

Do Now:Take a look at the “Word Wall” (on the

wall to the right)

Categorize the words under the following headings:

Words I know

Words I think I know

Words I have no idea what they are

DO NEXT:

Of the words that you put in the “I have no idea” column, pick three of the words and try to find them in your book and define them.

Look in Chapters 8.

Many of these words will NOT be in the glossary

Section 1-4

Click the Speaker buttonto replay the audio.

Washington banner

President Washington

• Washington is sworn in as the first president under the new Constitution on April 30, 1789

• Washington knew that he would be setting precedents (traditions) as the first president

Washington’s first cabinet- Thomas Jefferson – secretary of state- Alexander Hamilton – secretary of

treasury- Henry Knox – secretary of war- Edmund Randolph – attorney generalWhat does the cabinet do?How many cabinet members are there

today?

Financial Problems

Problem• National debt was

growing• Needed to find a way

to improve government finances and strengthen the nations financial reputation at the same time

Financial ProblemsSolution• Hamilton’s plan led to

compromise to pay off debt• Tax on distilled whiskey• Impose import tariff – lead

to compromise with South to relocate capital to southern location (Washington D.C.)

Review: Recreate the chart below and complete. Use info from your notes to

help you fill it in.The United States was in difficult financial trouble during

Washington’s presidency. Alexander Hamilton, the secretary of the treasury, proposed several ways to help the United States

build its financial reputation.

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• Federal Funds would pay new owners of bonds at original cost

• Creation of National Bank

• National taxes

• Protective tariffs

• Protest against paying new owners of bonds

• Opposition to a national bank

• Whiskey Rebellion to resist taxes

• Southerners opposed protective tariffs

Partner Activity

Many economists say that the United States is still currently in a recession.

• Look up the words: recession, depression

• Is the United States currently in debt?

• What do you think is the U.S.’s current debt?

DO NOW: Recreate the diagram below and complete

Economic problems

Whiskey Rebellion

Native Americans and Northwest Territory

French Revolution

Impressment by the British

Spanish restricting access to the Mississippi

Fighting over the National Bank

Problem• Only 8 state run banks

existed• Hamilton wanted to

create a national bank that people could buy stock in

• Madison and Jefferson thought it would only benefit the wealthy

• Jefferson also said it was unconstitutional

Alexander Hamilton

Fight over the National BankSolution• President asked both sides to write an opinion• Washington sided with Hamilton and a national

bank was created

Whiskey RebellionProblem• Resistance to tax on

whiskey – locally made• Farmers used whiskey

for bartering• July 1794 protest in

Pennsylvania turn violent

Whiskey RebellionSolution• Washington sends in

troops to crush rebellion

• Sends message that violence and rebellion will not change laws, only peaceful discussion can bring about change

Video

Review

Create a flow chart to show the cause and effects of the Whiskey Rebellion

Cause/Effect

Whiskey Rebellion

Cause Effects

Struggles in WestProblem• Native Americans deny authority of U.S.

in West• Native Americans would often combine

forces with British and Spanish• In November 1791 American forces were

badly beaten by Chief Little Turtle of the Miami people near the Wabash River

Struggles in West

Solution• Washington sent Gen. Anthony Wayne to

challenge the Native Americans• August 1794 Wayne and army defeated

over 1,000 Native Americans at Battle of Fallen Timbers

• Native Americans surrendered most of their land in Treaty of Greenville and opened most of Ohio to white settlement

French and British RelationsProblem• French Revolution turns bloody• 1793 Britain and France go to war• Some U.S. citizens support Britain,

others support France• France wanted U.S. to get involved• British were practicing impressment of

U.S. sailors

French and British RelationsSolution• Washington issued “Proclamation of

Neutrality” – prohibited Americans from fighting in the war and British war ships from entering U.S. ports

• John Jay negotiated Jay’s Treaty with Britain but it did not deal with the issue of impressment

• Thomas Pinckney negotiated Pinckney’s Treaty with Spain which gave Americans free navigation of the Mississippi River