new matt gudorf campus energy manager · 2012. 12. 6. · meter specs • 12 channels per board •...

Matt GudorfCampus Energy Manager

Quick Facts About UCI• 7.4 Million Square Feet of Conditioned Space• District High Temp and Chilled Water• Campus 12kV owned and operated grid• 4.5 Million Gallon Thermal Energy Storage Tank• 13 MW average load• 120 Million kWh per year

• Laboratories make up 66% of the campus load

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2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Cam

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Utility Costs

Total Variable Costs w/o SEP Total Variable Costs with SEP Campus GSF

Co-Gen Installed

UCI Begins SEP Program

Energy Cost Without Projects

Energy Cost with Projects

UCI’s Strategic Energy Plan (SEP)• Identify and implement projects using the energy savings to pay

back the cost of the project.• Maximize Federal, State, and Local incentives to reduce the

project cost.• Combine base projects with low return on investment with “next

steps” to create acceptable returns with large energy savings.

Calendar yearTotal Project Cost Incentive

Received Bond Program Project costs

Annual Loan Payment

Amount(1)

Annual Total Energy Cost

Savings ($/yr)

Ratio of energy savings to debt

2009 $ 14,718,458 $ 4,388,332 $ 9,244,231 $ 963,644 $ 2,053,116 2.13

2010 $ 12,805,306 $ 2,586,284 $ 9,053,838 $ 1,032,800 $ 1,294,404 1.25

2011 $ 12,575,725 $ 2,899,496 $ 8,391,243 $ 872,093 $ 1,281,646 1.47

Monitoring and Verification Capabilities

1. What level of metering do you have?2. What level of metering do you need?3. Where is the information you need?4. What metrics should I trend and make decisions with?

ZONE-LEVEL USE

BUILDING SYSTEM USE

TOTAL ENERGY USE

Look Closer … Find More Savings

BUILDINGElectric and Gas Meter

EMSHVAC, pumps, chillers

EMS, CDCVFume hood use,

IAQ, thermal demand

Submeteringlighting, plug load

EMSboiler, water heater

CDCV, EMSreheat

At the zone level, measurement and verification resolution are so highThat you are essentially constantly commissioning the building .

Building Management System

Cost-Effective SubmeteringMeter Specs

• 12 channels per board• Meter accuracy +/- 0.5%

(0.25% typical)• V, I, active energy, reactive

energy, power factor

Current Transformer Specs• Sensor accuracy +/- 1%• Current transformers 60-400 amps• Clamp-on installation

Clamp-on CTs installed

Meter installedConnected to Internet

00 140610KWH

mel rokC o r p o r a t i o n

dangerhigh vol t age

Acquisition SWSQL Express DB

00 140610KWH

mel rokC o r p o r a t i o n

dangerhigh vol t age

Database Server

Multiple Users

EnerACQ User Interface

User PC

EnerACQ User Interface

User PC

Individual 12 Channel Meters

System Description

Visualization of Lab Energy Use

Dashboard Design

Where did UCI start?Conventional

• Complex, multi-vendor architectures

• Multiple points of failure

• Requires integrator services

• Expensive

Ethernet Interface

Vendor #1 Vendor #2

Vendor #3

Where are we going?MelRoK

Simple & Effective Energy Information Service

W.A.G.E.S.

Big Data Analytics

Utility + Weather Data

EnergiStream

BMS Connectivity

Server

AircuityLab Air Flow Monitoring

Indoor Air Quality MonitoringFume Hood Sash Management

Total Building Load

Watts / Square FootTherms / Square Foot

LightingWatts / Square FootInterior Load vs Exterior LoadDaytime Load vs Nighttime LoadLighting Load per Floor

HVACWatts / Square FootTherms / Square footDaytime Load vs Nighttime LoadCFM per Zone

Plug LoadWatts / Square FootDaytime Load vs Nighttime LoadPlug Load per FloorFixed Load vs User Load

LEED®Energy Star®Labs 21 Benchmarks

Information that is actionable

Metrics That Can Lead to Action

The Framework

• Establish baselines for building pre- and post- energy improvement measures (EIM)

• Establish baselines for energy equipment pre- and post- EIM• Automated and continuous comparison of building and

equipment performance relative to baselines• Fast detection of any deviation from post-commissioning

performance• Automated alerts when anomaly detected at building or

equipment level• Integrated approach: Power, Gas, Chilled Water, Hot Water and

Environmental Sensors

Lighting SEP Projects

Parking Structures HPS to Bi-Level InductionRoadways HPS to InductionPathways HPS and Metal Halide to FluorescentAll T8-32W lamps to T8-25W, NLO Ballast to RLO BallastBi-Level Stairwells / CorridorsDaylighting controlsTime Clock and BMS controls

32 Watt T8

25 Watt T8

NLO Ballast .87-.90 BF

RLO Ballast.71 BF

15,000 Fixtures saving 2,550,000 kWh

Changed how we zone

Auto on to 50% Manual on to 100% Auto off

Changed how we sequence

Lighting is controlled per lab bay -- not per lab -- to maximize savings.

Lighting

LED Task Lighting

Magnetically mountedLED task lighting

Mechanical System SEP Projects

• Constant Air Volume to Variable Air Volume• Constant Flow to Variable Flow• Pneumatic to Direct Digital Control• Static pressure reset• Supply air temperature reset• Occupancy based control of HVAC• Exhaust Stack Discharge Velocity Reduction• Centralized Demand Controlled Ventilation

Centralized Demand Controlled Ventilation

• Monitors the indoor air quality of multiple zones through a network of structured cables and air data routers

• Analyzes the sampled air with a series of sensors• Provides the lab air control system with an input for

increased ventilation when necessary. • The system is only an input to your lab air control system,

no different than a thermostat, or sash position sensor.

Target is 4 air changes per hour in occupied labs and 2 air changes per hour in unoccupied labs.

Lab Room 101 Lab Room 102 Classroom 103 Supply Air Reference

Probe

Web Based User Interface

BMS Connectivity

Sensor Suite with TVOC,

CO2, dewpoint & particulate

sensors

Air Data Router

Vacuum Pump

Server

Room Sampling

Port

Supply Air Duct

General Exhaust Duct

GEX Duct Probe (typ.)

Air Data Router

CDCV System Architecture

CDCV ComponentsSensor Suite

Structured Cable

Duct Probe

Vacuum Pump

Air Data Router

• Air change rates (ACR)• Internal air quality (IAQ)• Sash position of each fume hood• Occupancy• Relative humidity• Temperature• Total supply• Total exhaust

CDCV SystemDashboard and Data Trends for Each Zone

Visualization of lab HVAC use

• Fume hood usage range• This hood shows usage between 0%

open and 65% open.

• Change in average sash position from the month prior• Red indicates poorer average green indicates improved

average sash management

Monitoring Fume Hood Usage

Smart Labs are not just controls and sensors.

Smart Labs provide real time feedback as well as monthly reporting data that is actionable.

Return on investment is directly affected by lab practices.

How many hoods are in use right now in your laband how far open are the sashes?

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Total Flow & ACHAll labs, Sunday to Saturday

Total Supply

Total ACH

Total Flow and ACH ProfileSix-Day Period

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Typical Lab flow profileSingle Lab, Sunday to Saturday

RM 1200B.RM 1200 ACH

Air Change Rates for Room 1200Graphed Over Six Days

Plug Load

• Outside the direct control of the facility manager• Growing rapidly with increases in automated lab

equipment• No current method for control or containment?• Lack of Energy Star® label for lab equipment• Few to no requirements to purchase most energy

efficient equipment when using grant funding.

A Pristine (Unassigned) Lab

HDP1 is a distribution board on the 1st floor. It is responsible for feeding several equipment loads, autoclave units EQ2, EQ3, and EQ4. HDP1 is fed directly from the main switchboard at 480/277 volts. The board maximum current rating is 225 amps. The largest load on HDP1 is the medium autoclave EQ2, which is rated at 75kVA.

Auto

clav

e In

Gro

ss H

all

60 kW peak

Zone-Level Resolution Can Lead toPeak Demand Savings

Gross Hall average site demand ranges from a baseline of 148kW to an average peak of 205 kW

Autoclave EQ2

Did running the autoclave on peakjust cost you $600 in demand charges?

Zone-Level Resolution Can Lead toPeak Demand Savings

Hewitt Hall vs. Gross Hall

Designed in 2001• Exceeded Title 24 by 23.7%• Biomedical research• Lighting upgrade in 2009• Exhaust stack discharge velocity

Reduction in 2009• Re-commissioned in 2010• 76,905 square feet

Designed in 2009• Exceeded Title 24 by 50.4%• Biomedical research• Designated LEED Platinum - NC• 94,705 square feet

Gross Hall’s Lab UtilizationNearly Twice Hewitt Hall’s

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Gross Hall Hewitt Hall

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Percent Occupied by Building (7 days)

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Hewitt Hall

Gross Hall

Building Load Per Square Foot

AHU + EF + Pumps + Chilled WaterBuilding Square Feet

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1 Watt /1000 x 8760 hours x $0.105kWh= $0.92 /SqFt

Previous Best Practice

Space Type GrossHall

0.9 watts/sqft Offices

0.49 watts/sqft

1.1 watts/sqft Labs

0.66 watts/sqft

1 watts/sqft Overall Conditioned Space

0.61 watts/sqft

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Hewitt Hall Watts Per Sqft Gross Hall Watts Per Sqft

02468

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24 Hour Demand Curves

Hewitt Hall 2nd Floor Lighting Demand

Gross Hall 2nd Floor Lighting Demand

0.3W/1000 x 8760 x$0.105kWh= $0.2759 /SqFt

Lighting

Lab Air Supply and ExhaustHewitt Hall – 2nd floor• 6 Air changes per hour minimum• No set back during unoccupied periods• Zone presence sensors on fume hoods

Gross Hall – 2nd floor• 4 Air changes per hour minimum occupied• 2 Air Changes per hour minimum unoccupied• Zone presence sensors on fume hoods• Centralized Demand Controlled Ventilation

system adjusting ACH for indoor air quality.

Lab 2501 Lab 2200

Evidence of Where Building’sHVAC Energy Savings are Achieved

• Air change rates are dynamic responding to occupancy, IAQ, sash position, and thermal demands

• Lab 2200 averages 4 air changes per hour

• Air change rates are dependent on sash position and thermal demand.

• Lab 2501 averages 8 air changes per hour Hewitt Hall

Lab 2501

Gross HallLab 2200

Lab Air Flow vs. Time• The HVAC savings of 1 CFM/ft2 at $4-5 per CFM can reduce

operational significantly. • A 1 CFM reduction at Hewitt Hall in just the open lab bays

would reduce operational cost by $83,250 per year

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/ Sq

. Ft.

CFM / Square Foot ComparisonGross Hall vs. Hewitt Hall

Gross CFM/ Sq. Ft.

Hewitt CFM / Sq. Ft.

1.53 CFM/ ft2 average.

0.52 CFM/ ft2 average.

BenchmarkingIt is easy to see how campus labs compare to each other but what about across the country?

http://labs21benchmarking.lbl.gov/CompareData.php

Adding Hewitt and Gross Halls

• Hewitt is right at the average• Gross Hall beats the most efficient lab

benchmarked by 18%

Continuous Commissioning

-- Meaningful analysis and reports-- Actionable information-- Verification of actions taken:

physical and behavioral

CDCV• Find failed lab air control

valves• Review of fume hood sash

management• Ensure safe lab air quality• Find excessive air flows

due to point sources of heat

Submetering• Monitoring of fans, pumps,

and lighting control systems

• Verification of energy retrofits

• Reduce demand charges by modifying operations

BMS• Locate simultaneous

heating and cooling• Reset of static pressure to

minimum required• Control run times of office

areas

Troubleshooting a CO2 leakWith the CDCV System

• Researcher connects 4 tanks of CO2 to the lab distribution system and within 8 hours they are empty.

• To find the leak the research staff could have spent hours soaping lines and connections and wasting additional gas listening for the leak.

Suspected location of CO2 leak

Researcher first plotted all rooms for CO2

The leak was quickly located and repaired!

Researcher Then Plotted the Roomwith the Suspected CO2 Leak

The Knowledge Center has been used to locate lab equipment placedtoo close or under thermostats.

Discovery of Lab Equipment Driving Thermal Demand

Return on InvestmentCommissioning

– Cx, Rx, MBCx is approximately $2 per SqFt– Hewitt Hall MBCx $131,309– Net present value for 10 years (MBCx every 5 years) Hewitt Hall

$113,590

$(100,000.00)

$(50,000.00)

$-

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Cumulative Cash Flow MBCx Project

MBCx Cumulative Cash Flow MBCx Net Savings

MBCx

$(200,000.00) $-

$200,000.00 $400,000.00 $600,000.00 $800,000.00

$1,000,000.00 $1,200,000.00 $1,400,000.00

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Cumulative Cash Flow

Smart CCx Cumulative Cash Flow Smart CCx Net Savings

Sub metering and monitoring your lab can be very competitive with the cost of a single commissioning effort.

CDCV ~$3.12 per SqFtSub metering $0.20 per SqFtHewitt Hall Sub Metering and CDCV $302,888Net present value for Hewitt Hall continuous commissioning (10 years) $665,903

Return on InvestmentSmart CCx − although a larger initial investment − provides for greater long-term savings as well as strategic analysis, monitoring, and savings that cannot be accomplished with traditional MBCx.

$(200,000.00)

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Cumulative Cash Flow MBCx vs. SMART CCx

Smart CCx Cumulative Cash Flow Smart CCx Net Savings MBCx Cumulative Cash Flow MBCx Net Savings

Final Thoughts

• Monitoring or constant commissioning is a must.

• UC Irvine has deployed the CDCV system to 13 buildings covering 1500+ zones.

• UC Irvine has awarded a contract to sub meter the almost all campus buildings. Monitoring each building and load centers within each building.

• Maintaining the savings invested in is the keyreason for choosing to deploy the technologies.

QUESTIONS?

new matt gudorf campus energy manager · 2012. 12. 6. · meter specs • 12 channels per board •...

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