new learning paradigms and technologies
TRANSCRIPT
New Learning Paradigmsand Technologies
Prof. dr. Frederik Questier - Vrije Universiteit BrusselJimma University, Ethiopia, June 2015
This presentation can be found athttp://questier.com
http://www.slideshare.net/Frederik_Questier
Brussels
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
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Co-founder, former Research & Innovation Director of Chamilo
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E-learning workshop
I. New Learning Paradigms and Technologies
III. E-learning experiences from Jimma University
IV. Institutional Strategies for E-learning
V. E-learning priorities and activities for Jimma University as discussed and voted by the participants
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How can we educate our students for
the unknown future?
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I ask my students:
What is the biggest changeyou expect in your (professional) life?
Most of them are clueless...
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2045 Technological Singularity?
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The only constant in life is change
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The best wayto predict the future
is to invent it.(Alan Kay, 1971)
17William Gibson
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Information Society ?
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Knowledge Society
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Network society
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Network society
Motivate your students to participatein existing authentic (online) networks!
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Everything
gets connected & software enhanced
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Evolution of the internet?
Web 2.0: Social
Web 3.0: Semantic
Mobile and Ubiquitous
Darknet: anonymous & encrypted
Internet of things
Global brain – intelligence
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information scarcity → information abundance !
Total information is now doubling every year !
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Surveys
How much of the knowledge
you need for your job
is already in your head?
>75% | 75-50% | 50-25% | <25%
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Surveys
How much of the knowledge
you need for your job
is already in your head?
1986 75% → 2010 10%
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The longer one studies,
the more one comes to realize
how much one does not know
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% tested genius in Divergent Thinking(used to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible solutions)
Source: Breakpoint and Beyond by George Land and Beth Jaman
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“Schools we have todaywere designed around commonsense assumptions
that had never been scientifically tested”
R. Keith Sawyer
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innovation?
Politics Education Science 1km/h 10km/h 100km/h
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Resistance
Teachers teach as they are taught...
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Dilemma of schools:the skills that are easiest to teach and test are also
the ones that are easiest to digitize, automate and outsource(Levy and Murnane)
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Demand for new skills?
➢ Social skills➢ communicating, networking, teamwork➢ international, intercultural
➢ Creativity➢ Entrepeneurship➢ Information technology skills
➢ Handle information overload
➢ ...➢
➢ Learning to learn → Life Long Learning!
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Knowledge → Skills → Competences
Competences
are the ability to use➢ knowledge➢ skills➢ attitudes
in new, complex, authentic situations
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?
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“ The digital native and digital immigrant may be useful slogans for provoking debate but the distinction does not stand up to inspection… the profound changes taking place need to be situated in diversity rather than dichotomy ”
Brown, M. E. (2005). The next generation: Looking to the future. Computers in New Zealand Schools, 17 (2), 3-7. July Editorial.
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Discrepancy?
What are students used to? What is their classroom experience?
control no control
action passive
instant feedback little, late feedback
rich media poor media
always online offline
social interactions working together = cheating
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Why change the waywe teach and learn?
We have new scientific knowledge
about teaching and learning
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Evolution in learning theoriesBehaviourism Learning = change of behaviour
Stimulus → responseLearner is passive receiver of knowledgeMind = black box
Cognitivism Focuses on how the brain worksMetacognition, learning strategiesMotivation
Constructivism Knowledge is actively constructed by the learnerNew knowledge is linked to prior knowledgeLearners discover themselves facts and relationships
Social Constructivism Social interaction plays a fundamental role Discussions lead to deeper understanding and increased motivation
Constructionism Constructing an artifact or something that can be shared leads to better learning
Connectivism Learning is a process of connecting nodes or information sourcesKnowledge and learning may reside in non-human appliancesTry to see connections between fields, ideas, and conceptsKnow-what & Know-how → Know-where
46CC by Wlonline
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Educational innovation?Traditional teaching Modern teaching
teacher oriented student oriented
(passive) knowledge transfer (active) knowledge construction; interaction
focus on knowledge focus on competences
individual learning collaborative learning
focus on course contents
teacher = expert teacher = coach
teacher directs also self-directed learning
selective education adaptive education
students focus on good scores attention for (intrinsic) motivation
surface learning deep (natural) learning
also focus on learning process(learning to learn, reflection)
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Educational innovation?Traditional teaching Modern teaching
abstract, school-like examples & tasks authentic contexts
evaluation by teacher self/co/peer-assessment, ...
summative evaluation
linear curriculum flexible curriculum
independent courses and disciplines connexion, integration, interdisciplinarity
supply oriented demand oriented
uniform education
classroom
course materials powerful learning environments
formal learning + informal learning
behaviorism and cognitivism
+ formative evaluation(learning from mistakes and feedback)
differentiated education(adapted to e.g. learning styles)
flexible learning environment(also online & virtual)
Social constructivism (and connectivism)
Challenge
Xiangen Hu, Will Lancaster, Trends and Future, Directions of e-Learning
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How can we improve teaching and learning with ICT?
Don't apply traditional teaching methods
in new technologies!
Substitution?(dropping your coursebook online)
Transformation!
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Seek the synergy!
Theories about learning
and technologies
have evolved
towards very similar concepts
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Model Jonassen for (constructive) learning environments
→ Technologies can support the intentional construction,in a collaborative way, of complex contextualized artifacts
and the conversation and reflection about it
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Active/Manipulative - Collaborative - Complex - Constructive - Contextualized - Conversational - Intentional - Reflective
Case kit Case kit (Ugent, Jan Velghe)(Ugent, Jan Velghe)
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Active/Manipulative - Collaborative - Complex - Constructive - Contextualized - Conversational - Intentional - Reflective
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Active/Manipulative - Collaborative - Complex - Constructive - Contextualized - Conversational - Intentional - Reflective
Pharmacy simulations
ICT supported
ICT supported
Competition + collaboration
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Class conferencing software
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"The most fundamental way of helping other people,
is to teach peoplehow to do things better
or how to better their lives.
For peoplewho use computers,this means sharing
the recipesyou use on your computer,
in other wordsthe programs you run."
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1980's: Stallman defined“Free Software”
The freedom to
➢ use
➢ study
➢ distribute
➢ improve
the program
Free Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS)
Open educational resources (OER)
digitised materialsoffered freely and openly
for educators, students and self-learnersto use and reuse
for teaching, learning and research
Believing that OER can
widen access to quality education,
particularly when shared by many countries
and higher education institutions,
UNESCO champions OER
as a means of promoting access, equity and quality
in the spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Good teachers know howto create learning materials
Great teachers know howto mix and reuse
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55550 Flemish primary and secondary teachers on sharing site
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Find the right blend!
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Not all students will like it...
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Foster a community feeling!
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Learning Analytics
Gephi export,
learning interactions,
R. Carlos, F. Questier
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We all can learn fromLearning Analytics!
➢ The Learning Analytics Cycle, by Doug Clow, http://dougclow.wordpress.com/2011/02/28/the-learning-analytics-cycle/
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Tin Cap API
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ht tp: // ww
w. knew
ton.com
/blended- lea
rni ng/
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➢ An individual teacher typically does not have➢ the competences➢ the time➢ the budget
to create one of the most advanced blended courses
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The way to do it
Design teams with mixed competencesExtra muros collaboration
Reuse and shareStudent centred
ActivitatingMotivating
Questier.com
Frederik AT Questier.com
www.linkedin.com/in/fquestie
www.diigo.com/user/frederikquestier
www.slideshare.net/Frederik_Questier
Questions?Ameseginalehu!
Copyright acknowledgements➢ Screenshot http://www.chamilo.org/➢ Figure study CC-by-nc-sa by Tony2 (NOT IN USE!)➢ Question! CC-by by Stefan Baudy➢ http://users4.jabry.com/vortex/misc/DivergentThinking.gif➢ Edupunk: http://blogs.pstcc.edu/drbrown/files/2009/11/Picture-4.png➢ Flipped-Classroom-CC-BY-NC-SA-2-by-ransomtech➢ http://cogdogblog.com/2012/07/17/mooc-hysertia/➢ http://www.onlinecollege.org/2012/08/21/25-tips-make-most-mooc/➢ Paul Schatzkin, http://www.cohesionarts.com/tag/distractions/➢ Screenshot http://www.chamilo.org/➢ OPEN, CC-by-nc-sa by Tom Maglieryr➢ Share matches CC by-nc-nd by Josh Harper➢ GNU Head Joseph W. Reiss Free Art License or the GNU GPLv2
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