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Case Study: Treating Manganese
in Groundwater
Merrimack Village District
Wells 7 & 8
Michael Unger, P.E. Senior Project Engineer
NHWWA/NHDES Manganese Seminar
June 1, 2016
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Well 7
• Installed 1996
• Approved for 500 gpm
or 720,000 gpd
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Well 8
• Installed 1999
• Approved for 750 gpm
or 1,080,000 gpd
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Wells 7 & 8
• Combined pumping rate of 1,250 gpm
• Represents 30% of MVD supply capacity
• Good water quality when wells put on line
• BUT Iron (Fe) & Manganese (Mn) have
increased over time with use of wells
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5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Jan-92 Jan-96 Jan-00 Jan-04 Jan-08 Jan-12 Jan-16
mg
/L
Sample Date
Well #7 - Iron
3 times the SMCL
Secondary MCL
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0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
Jan-92 Jan-96 Jan-00 Jan-04 Jan-08 Jan-12 Jan-16
mg
/L
Sample Date
Well #7 - Manganese
6 Times the SMCL
6
Secondary MCL
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00.2
0.40.60.8
11.21.4
1.61.8
2
Jan-92 Jan-96 Jan-00 Jan-04 Jan-08 Jan-12 Jan-16
mg
/L
Sample Date
Well #8 - Iron
6 Times the SMCL
7
Secondary MCL
Well Offline
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0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
Jan-92 Jan-96 Jan-00 Jan-04 Jan-08 Jan-12
mg
/L
Sample Date
Well #8 - Manganese
5 Times the SMCL
8
Secondary MCL
Well Offline
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Need for Project --
Wells #7 and #8 Water Quality
• Customer complaints attributable to Fe/Mn
• Fe/Mn increase distribution system
maintenance required
• Sequestration not effective
• Treatment is only reliable way to reduce
Fe/Mn at full capacity
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Need for Project – Supply Capacity
• Have not been able to use Well 8 since 2008
• Use Well 7 only when necessary due to
demand
– Results in customer complaints
• Puts more stress on other wells
• Demand is increasing
• Need full capacity of Wells 7 & 8 without
sacrificing water quality
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Supply Needed
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*Based on 2005 through 2012 production data.
** 320 gpm capacity needed, based on a 24 hour pumping day
*** 472 gpm capacity needed, based on a 24 hour pumping day
Current
Shortfall*
Year 2030
Shortfall
MGD MGD
Annual Average
Day Demand
0 0
Summer Average
Day Demand
0 0.46**
Maximum Day
Demand
0 to 0.18 0.68***
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Water Supply Improvement
Options Evaluated
• Increase Capacity of Well #2
• Treat Well #6
• Treat Wells #7 & #8 and Blend
• New Groundwater Source
• Pennichuck Water Works (PWW)
• Manchester Water Works (MWW)
• Surface Water Treatment Plant
• Some combination
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Pilot Testing
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1. Compare Greensand Plus and Pyrolusite
2. Recommend operating parameters:
• Chlorine Dose
• pH range
• Surface Loading Rates filter sizing
3. Evaluate backwash:
• Solids settling feasibility to recycle supernatant
• Backwash characteristics (physical and chemical)
• Production rates
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Pilot Testing - Conclusions
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• Both Greensand Plus and Pyrolusite effective at Fe/Mn
removal
• Chlorine Dose 2.0 to 2.4 mg/L
• pH range 6.8 to 7.0
• Surface Loading Rates 5 to 7 gpm/sq.ft. for 24 hour run
times
• Solids settled quickly
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Project Overview
• Iron & Manganese Treatment Facility
– Capacity = 1,250 gpm (1.8 MGD)
• Full capacity of Wells 7 and 8
• Improvements to Wells 7 and 8
• Provisions for Well 6 or new well treatment in
future
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WELL 7
WELL 8
FILTRATION
BUILDING
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Performance
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Raw Finished
Iron 1.5 – 1.89 mg/L 0.03 mg/L
Manganese 0.155 mg/L 0.006 mg/L
Pre-Treated Finished
Chlorine Residual 1.5 – 2.25 mg/L 0.8 – 1.0 mg/L
(no post-feed)
pH 6.8 – 7.0 6.8 – 7.0
(no post-caustic)
Filter Run Times = 48 hours +/- (5 psid)
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Acknowledgments
• Merrimack Village District
• Blueleaf, Inc.
• NHDES – State Revolving Loan Fund
• PRB Construction
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Questions?
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