NEW EDUCATIONAL PROFILE OF BUILDERS IN BANJA LUKA – ESTABLISHED

THROUGH CONSTUCTION OF SCHOOL BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF PASSIVE AND

INTELLIGENT HOUSE

Milenko Stanković1 Srđan Stanković

2

ABSTRACT:

"The most important aural experience realized by the architecture is silence." (Juhani Pallasmaa) 3 Work establishes the long-term effort of the "school of builders" in Banja Luka to form a new profile of a

modern engineer and a building worth both time and space, based on the principle of "passive and intelligent

house"4. Mission and vision is to improve the identity of school with energy efficient systems, using renewable

sources and sound technologies, with the affirmation of climate and culture. Questionable comfort and modest

sensual experience in architecture today present a new challenge for architects and designers, but it is also a call

for a qualitative step forward, which affirms innovative, intelligent and practical solutions. The needs of a

modern man initiate the harmonization of architecture and life, i.e., human, integrative and sensual space.

Sensual architecture and intelligent installations connect space, matter and time into single dimension, i.e., they

foster "a sense of" comfort and sensuality. The imperative is to create innovative and sensual school space,

which combines identity and senses through artistic experience, that is, with its being and body it encourages

students to be creative, to trace, to model and to experiment.

Keywords: builder, sustainability, energy efficiency, sensitivity, healthy life, education, passive and intelligent

buildings, cultural wealth

1. INTERDUCTION

„Eyes are blind. One must look with the heart“(Antonie de Saint – Exupery)

This message initiates further reflection on creative work today5. [1]A possible solution is the architecture of the

senses.6 The current state of architectural creativity on the studied territory is difficult and complex.

Unfortunately it rarely or only occasionally experiences successful implementation.7 [2] Study of Architecture

records continuous growing interest. It is the obligation of schools to modernize it. 8 Learning architecture is a

1 Milenko Stanković, PhD, professor at University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering, mstankovic@agfbl.org 2 Srđan Stanković graduated engineer of architecture, mysolutions GmbH, srdjan.stankovic85@gmail.com 3 Juhani Pallasmaa, The eyes of skin. Architecture and senses, Evropski Glasnik, Godište XIV, broj 14, Zagreb 2009. (p. 639) 4 For successful implementation of teaching process it is necessary to provide up to 30m3/h fresh air per student. And right now, technically

it is not justified without controlled ventilation system, which initiates the application of the principles of passive and intelligent house.

(Government decision to finance selected project, numbers 8/11/2010 04/1-2118/10. Official Gazette of Republika Srpska No: 115/10) According to our information this is the first “school of builder” that builds on these principles in Europe. 5 Evaluation of the creativity on the investigated territory resulted with a key question: Are the senses and human emotions in art and

architecture gone? It is the reason and motive to built in the core values in complex educational profile of an architect, i.e., to test integration of senses in space. Literature records five traditional senses (…) Juhani Pallasmaa has found seven, in a work Architecture and the seven

senses ( Architecture + Urbanism, the question of perception, special edition, July 1994.), philosophers recorded twelve (…), while in

architecture one could make countless successful combinations. 6The architecture of the senses is a new class in master studies on the Faculty of Architecture in Belgrade, chosen by students, and the result

of years of research by the author. Two books with integral titles are in preparation for publishing: Creative process of architectural sense -

Architectural elements and forms in space combined with reflection on methodology of design; Architecture of the senses – a new paradigm, the need and imperative of housing and living, House & apartment – sensual, existing and inspiring space for healthy life of a man. They

offer a new view of human development and creativity in a different way, i.e., they enable understanding of issues of perception and

phenomenological dimensions of human experience of architecture. 7 Confirmation as suggested by the claim is based on the statement of Hans Ibelings, historian of art and critic of architecture, who was

selector of the project Cultural continuity in B&H. At book presentation Restart – Architecture in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1995-2010

(issued in Sarajevo, December 2010) , at the Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Banja Luka (on 18.09.2010) he has stated that out of all submitted projects that were subject of selection, only 2-3% were works of architecture, and others were simply the

result of the construction. This implies that further consideration of the process of creation on the studied territory is not necessary, because

results can be even defeating. This is a clear signal to the profession which requires an urgent answer to the question: Where are we going to? What are we constructing? Why are we doing it? 8 The Faculty has started development of the new studio of architecture, designed in compliance with EU Directive on architects and Bologna

Process, the European practice. Using extensive experience in teaching professors from partner universities in Novi Sad and Belgrade, it had

introduced a new distinctive educational profile of the architect of this school, which is consistent with the climate and culture of the

very complex, uncertain and challenging work. Study program “architecture” is inherently vague, complex and

difficult. [3]

For that reason in this paper, research activity is aimed at solving practical problems and approaches in the

process of education of builders. Thoughtful solutions of the new building offer high quality, integrated

architecture and life. New concept of building establishes climate and culture of the region, taking into account

the philosophy of life in the new millennium that Norman Foster saw ten years ago and said:”… we must create

buildings that are energy efficient, healthy, comfortable and flexible in use, designed for long life“.9

Core idea of research project blends past and present, with visionary step forward into future. First impression of

perception of bridges and galleries in hall of the building, meaningfully connects past with current moment, but

also integrates them mutually. There is also the dilemma, where and how further. A student is stimulated to value

the existing – experienced, but also to think about projection of future. Elevated comfort and protection from

climate, with using modern installations10

and sustainable design, stimulate experience of body and affirm

architecture of senses, which is new and inspirational potential for students. [5]

Paper use experience and results from SRP Energy efficient in building of Republika Srpska.11

Conducted

research, modeling and experiment on master studies 12

have given qualitative shift to the implementation of new

systems.

Today we see that many realizations in space are not works of art. Senses in space are barely or even not

activated, installations in them are questionable, and philosophy of energy efficient and sustainable design13

is

almost absent. Qualitative progress of architectural creativity of the studied territory is the imperative but also a

professional obligation to start from educational system. By pointing to the perceived failures, paper offers

possible solutions, which have stimulating effect on the educational process, with use of synergistic effect from

conducted research but it is also an answer to the question: “What should successful art be like, and why?” [6]

area. The new program has a clear mission and vision of the School, and introduces new principles and creative developments by introducing

new forms of teaching, which is in line with the European education system 9 Edwards, B.; Turrent D.: Sustainable Housing. USA, Canada, 200 p.125 10 Modern installation and automation of system provide healthy and comfortable life of users, protection from the climate, and they are energy, economic and environmentally friendly, i.e., they can improve sensuality of space. They should be used carefully and rationally,

questioning every case. Human, universal, inclusive, and sustainable design is the main idea, which is activated by senses of a man in space.

Energy is everywhere around us, it tries to get out of strict static and conservative limits. Terms such as smart, passive, sustainable, and sensual, today are science, technology, and design, all integrated in one. Simplicity, connection, integration, automation, requested comfort,

in harmony with nature and human size, achieved in a thoughtful and intelligent way, are key words to define modern installation systems in

buildings, i.e., systems of passive and smart house, renewable source of system for heating, cooling and control ventilation. 11 Thematic Scientific-research project: Energy efficiency in buildings of the Republika Srpska is approved and co-financed by the Ministry

of Science and Technology, Republika Srpska. The realisation of the project brings together major number of institutions from country and

abroad, graduates and students of master and PhD studies. We have organised many lectures and workshops in the country and abroad, i.e., we have expended knowledge in academic and public community about importance and contribution of this project. In for four years we

have changed awareness and highlighted the need for introducing energy efficient solutions in building, as an advantage for all (investors,

users, contractors, society and nature). We have educated a significant number of young experts (electoral classes of Bioclimatic architecture, energy efficient and sustainable building, seminar and graduate papers, but also be at international World congress of passive building on

behalf of B&H). We have actively contributed to the research by participating in numerous scientific and expert conventions, scientific-

expert journals, i.e., continuously stimulating investors who have begun with energy efficient and sustainable building in Banja Luka 12 Within Master studies –study program Architecture, at the Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering in Banja Luka, 2009/2010, within

elected subject Energy efficiency and sustainable building, thematic studies have been conducted on Project of reconstruction, extension and

upgrading of new faculty building in the second campus in Banja Luka. From thirty different aspects of modern achievements in architecture,

in discussion chapter, the paper covers only those that ensure the successful implementation. 13 Sustainable design is right way into the future, as we strive to: reduce heat loss from the house by improving heat protection of external

elements and correct ratio between area and volume; increase heat gains by favorable orientation of the house and by using solar energy; use

renewable source of energy (sun, wind, biomass, …); increase energy efficiency of thermal systems. A significant segment of the generally

accepted philosophy of sustainable development is sustainable building which includes: the use of building materials that are not harmful to

the men and their environment; energy efficiency of the buildings; management of the waste from the process construction, exploitation and

demolition. We don`t need to be experts in order to see the lack of energy efficiency in the building in B&H, s well as weak representation of

educational developers in proportion with its importance. It is professional obligation in period of intensive construction (reconstruction and

development) to timely warn science community about technological progress in field of the building and emphasize the importance of

educational process of the builders on the studied territory.

2. SUBJECT AND METHOD

“Architecture considers, creates and eternalizes ideas and pictures of an ideal life”(Juhani Pallasmaa) 14

The subject of the research is unbiased judgment about the essential contribution to the vision of education of

new profile modern architects, by construction of a new faculty building on the principles of “intelligent” and

“smart” house. Complex site and a building perceive and read the “perception, memory, imagination”, review

“experience”, i.e., by dreaming it establishes a “dialogue” with the environment. The aim is to activate all senses

of students in flexible space, through innovative and inspiring solutions, as an incentive to the creation and

affirmative contribution to the creative starting point of the students.

The method of the paper leaves factual research of architectural history, in order to get to essence of creativity

based on the senses, by using the synergistic effects of the conducted research, stimulates understanding of the

relationship with building and environment, with the inevitable projection of needs and standards of a modern

man. [7] Deliberation and the use of architectural language of the time, with cultural, social, esthetic and others

guidelines are frames of the action.

Work establishes the advantage of energy efficient and sustainable design in the school of builders, i.e., it

implies to an obligation to expand the field of action. By evaluating characteristics of climate, spirit of space, site

readability and cultural characteristics, the accent is given to the change of consciousness, i.e., to responsible

building, with the affirmation of innovation, which until now has not been read in most constructed buildings.

[8]

By using historical and comparative method, paper offers a new vision of educational institution whose design

initiates a step forward. Guided by the words of Antonio Sant`Elia “… under term architecture, we need to

understand the effort to free and daringly align environment with the man, i.e., the world of the matter becomes

direct reflection of the world of spirit…”, it introduces new values and behaviors which provide a more humane

life, and also a recognizable identity of the school by training a new profile of experts. Achieved result

establishes conscious construction15

, with notion that culture and nature have inextricably become connected in

many and unexpected ways. [9]

The new vision of development points the need for creation of joint participation in the creation by activating

different modes of communication in this process.

3. RESULTS

“Today people know the price of everything, but not the value.” (Oscar Wilde)

The new building has been planned, designed and it will be built without active heating and air conditioning

system, but with an automated system of controlled ventilation, on the principle of “passive house”16

. The

project is designed to be a life-long polygon, where achievements and progress in architecture are tested on the

principles of public-private partnership, scientific and research projects, conferences, seminars, workshops. [10]

In this way the University of Banja Luka improves significantly scientific and research work, i.e., it creates basic

conditions to become a focal point for application of European knowledge and technologies in practice, but also

an excellent service for the economy and institutions. With this, the school of architects establishes European

standards in constriction, form healthy competition, promote partnership and better connection of educational

institutions with economy. Experiences from Europe and world have taught us that it is not possible to detach

educational process of builders from practice, i.e., theoretically gained knowledge must be continuously checked

in practice. Creation of legal framework, strategies and practical design solutions, is an imperative. Modern

technologies are not available on the studied territory, i.e., there is a lack of staff trained for their successful

14 Juhani Pallasmaa, Oči kože. Arhitektura i osjetila, Evropski Glasnik, Godište XIV, broj 14, Zagreb 2009. (str. 651) 15 Contraction is an art, science and technique at same time. It is a product of reality and human power to create and build in space. With his

creative spirit and imagination man is trying to align nature and constructed area with his needs and visions of development, i.e., to make

pleasant, sensual and inspirational space for living. Often term construction is identified with architecture, because it implies all those activities, the whole process in which all essential questions are integrated. 16 Rezolution of the European parlament from 31.1.2008, number 2007/2106 (INI), suggests that everything built from 2011 in EU should

be built on energy standard of passive house.

application. That is a motive to make the transfer of technologies and knowledge, improve standards and

knowledge in field of construction, as a need and imperative for future development.

Prestigious location in the area of the second campus, has initiated leadership to show, with their example,

visionary and daringly step forward into the future, giving clear path to the building practice. To our information,

this is the first “school of builders” which will be built on those principles in Europe. Implementation of higher

standard into educational process is a measure for future, because it offers to students and practice certain

progress. “School of builders” thereby becomes more responsible and prestigious. Builders educated in this

building are additionally inspired by its greater comfort. The opportunity is given to a student, so that in

educational process he can actively test modern technologies available only in developed countries of EU, i.e., to

inspire him to explore and make a creative step. Meaning of modern needs of a man is expressed by Anne

Lacaton’ words: “I think that the work of an architect is not to show how he can create pretty house, but to give

intelligent answer to the problem “. Relying on the application of science and technology in sustainable

development and modern design, it offers possible solution – model of building in harmony with nature, 17

“Passive and intelligent house”, is a house of the future, which offers advantage to all participants of

construction process, preserve nature, save energy and money. It is a need and imperative which the school of

builders offers, i.e., higher standard and comfort of educational system for the future. It is expected that the

transfer of knowledge and modern technologies in this building will promote science for the future, on principles

of practical sustainability and sensuality.

4. DISCUSSION

“Our goal is not to teach others how to make this or that building,

the aim is to develop principles that should guide the composing of all.” (JNL Diran)

Starting from that famous one “There is a time for everything,”18

in every job under the sky there is a factor of

time, but today rapid and significant changes are evident. Intensive building, as well as quick and hasty acts in

space initiate question: “What do we build and how?” Architect is eternal humanist who thinks about the space

in the process of creativity. [11] When he creates a building for education of young builders he has to act

interactively, introduce innovative and inspiringly encourage. In the process of searching, modeling and

experimenting with key partners 19

complex research has opened different perspectives, forms of expressions and

experience (dialogue, conflict of opinions …) about building and educational process. Impact of globalization

requires increased interest in preservation of identity and sensuality of the space, i.e., it stimulates compromise in

construction, environmental protection and nature conservation. [12]

Pulsing passions under the control of mind suggest that architectural structure in which modern builder has been

educated, has to activate all senses, i.e., offer unimagined possibilities for their integration with universal and

sustainable design. Empirical research in the field of energy-efficient construction, universal, inclusive and

sustainable design, on the cognitive path of affirmation of the architecture of the senses, via transformation

observed values of the area, offers an understanding of the dialectic of continuous changes in architecture. By

using synergy effects of conducted research, paper profiled wide enough and conceivable way for creation of

human and inspiring place for education of builders in the cultural and temporal continuum.

Conducted audit of existing building20

has resulted in knowing that walls, ground, roof and windows do not

fulfill EU standards, i.e., they do not ensure: durability, thermal, acoustic and others types of comfort. Chosen

17 Current research promotes passive house as an advantage to all: for investors: because house is long-term better, the possibility of

damaging is reduced to a minimum by removing thermal bridges; for users: maintenance costs are reduced to minimum, cost of using the

offered conform is minor, and ensures a high degree of comfort and significantly improves the quality of life; for constructors: requires high

performance of building so it is more prestigious (better paid); for society and economy: increased demand for long-used goods leads to a

more stable and additional employment in the country. Public and residential buildings for rent may be subject to financing by EU funds, i.e.,

educate students how to look at models of their profitability and sustainability. 18 Book of short stories, it is an old literature whose authorship is given to Solomon, according to experts, but there is also opinion that a few

authors participated. There is a time for everything, you can also find in novel Krug by Mesa Selimovic. 19 Key partners are: Schüko – Alukőnigstahl, Vienna, Sto AG, Villach, A Saint-Gobain Company, Viessmann, Bauwerk parquet Salzburg,

Tondach, Passivhaus Institut Darmstadt, and other partners of the project. With their knowledge and experience they have provided imact in his clear profilig. 20 "Energy Auditing of Buildings"has been made by Norway licence ENSI - Energy Saving International AS, which has been owned by the

Faculty since 2010, www agfbl.org

solution integrates all architectural elements, enables them to act as skin, i.e., it protects building from influence

of climate, but also enables it to breathe. Technologically challenging parameters of “passive and intelligent”

house are inspiration and incentive for students to evaluate innovative solutions available on the market. Stable,

comfortable, inspirational and healthy ambient is a condition for successful education, but it also protects value

of the building, where its esthetic looks is an essential challenge. One more step has been made through Eureka

Project FeVal21

, which considers idea of production of term isolation panels (from feathers and wood – zero

waste), i.e., their design and application in civil constructing, but also in the educational institution.

Analysis and evaluation of conceptual design of new building resulted in the detection of problems and students

have to propose possible solutions on master studies. They are encouraged to use modern technologies available

on the world market; to research what can be used on the part of building for education of builders. Good

interdiction in examples from research is thoughts and dilemmas about projection of life-Path, Le Corbusier

from book “About life path and accurately” (…) “If wise man listens about Path, he works in accordance with

him. If average man listens about Path, he is little interested, little not. If bounder listens about Path, he laughs at

him, because if there was no laugh, Path wouldn’t be what he was.”

Example 1. The influence of vegetation on the microclimate of the location and materialization of AGF

building, Dalibor Ilic

The subject of research is influences which are caused by vegetation while converting climate into microclimate

of the location and reflection of those impacts on materialization of AGD future building. The starting point is

fact that future building is implementing in area of rich vegetation, on what conceptual design for building didn’t

have a clear opinion. Paper shows that vegetation, although vegetation has unstable character, is important

parameter for obtaining input data while planning building in spirit of energy efficiency. Testing is performed in

a specific way by help of computer`s models and animations, in order to simulate a real picture from field to get

accurate results. Result of testing is that vegetation is an important factor while planning energy efficient

buildings and cannot be neglected, ie. we need to follow and monitor her, and act accordance with these changes,

ie. get references, guidelines, and opportunities for usage of different solutions for capturing energy.

21 Eureka Project FeVal is a complex research of zero waste which lasts up to 2013, and it is supported by the Ministry of High Education, Science and Technology Slovenia, Ministry of Civil B&H, Ministry of Science and Technology Republika Srpska in which our Faculty is

one of eight key partners. The accent of our research is on design, production and usage of value of new term isolation panel, made from

waste form slaughterhouse of poultry and mechanical treatment of wood, as zero waste.

Example 2. Possibilities of transformation solar energy via solar wall – accent on InSpire Wall system, Milena

Djuza

This research is based on evaluation of solar walls, which with its mass transform solar energy and use it for

heating interior space. Comparative analyze: Trombe Wall, Water Wall and InSpire Wall, by valuating

similarities and differences between systems. The result of research chose InSpire Wall system as optimal

solution, and make proposal of its application in practice, but also on this building. This system is new on

European market, because it is American company who her distribution largely tied to US market.

Example 3. Interactive application of brisolys and LED lighting on the AGF building, Goran Kukavica

The problem of overheating building by solar energy is solved by brisoleys as protection. Accumulated solar

energy is transformed into electrical energy, necessary for powering LED lighting. LED lighting complements

the visual identity of the existing architecture involving movement and color.

Example 4. Feasibility study of green facades on the AGF, Ivana Trkulja

The connection between nature and man, as its integral part, is expressed spontaneously, instinctively and in all

subconscious (or even conscious) perceptions. This “innate reflex” is dominantly imposed as orientation dor

choice of living space. Subject of green walls has become ubiquitous in field of modern world architecture, as

one of ways for return nature into cities.

The aim of work is to introduce the topic, look back on the reasons for greening and us basic techniques to put

accent of use of plants in architecture. It has been given basic amount of information, because technique of

greening are young and they are rapidly changing as new materials arrives on market and new ways of

construction develops. Beside numerous benefits and functional values, psychological and sociological effects

which are provided by greening, big value comes from increased esthetic of the space. This study is pointed

towards the benefits of “living walls” can provide in construction of our environment and shows why this

technique should be seriously taken into account in the design, especially having in mind climate changes that

are happening.

Example 5. Evaluating of environmentally friendly thermal insulation materials for AGF building, Vanja Torbica

The paper is guided with idea, what is good for nature is good for a man, ie. it is researched usage of

environmentally justified insulating materials in energy efficient and sustainable construction on the new AGF

building. Part of research defines the principles and positive effects of energy efficient construction which

contributes to financial and energy savings, comfort and better quality of living, and protection of the

environment. The main emphasis is on thermal insulation of the building as one of the most important factor in

saving energy. In part of practical research, with the comparative analysis of applied research of natural organic

insulating materials based on several criteria, of which very importance is given to the thermal protection and

environmental acceptability, paper offers as result choice of optimal thermal insulation material for AGF

building. Sheep`s wool and straw are pointed out with significant advantages in application, in accordance with

climate and culture of area, which is the basic for future research with offering basic guidelines.

This research has resulted with more good examples such as: IQ intelligent glass, green roof, photovoltaic

system, usage of rainwater and low-thermal geothermal energy, the use of shadows, thermo active systems,

modern techniques of windows and glass facade and others. Examples listed above have recognized the physical

features and technologies, ie. create a vision of the desired comfort and protection of the climate. Architect

language in spirit of time is a prerequisite for successful implementation, ie. respect of culture, social, socio-

economic, esthetic … environmental guidelines as a frame of action. Positive steps forward suggests to

architecture which affirms comfort and integrity as highlight quality of creation today and in the future. We can

conclude from discussion that the process of energy sustainable design is inspired by nature, art, but also aware

engineer and responsible construction, with respecting of construction rules. By giving an active contribution to

sustainable design in modern practice of educational process, authors are continuously and tirelessly: writing,

advising, modeling ... experimenting, ie. they are creating important conditions for comfort and educational

space.

5. CONCLUSION

“What is the most necessary for architecture today is the same what we need in life, and that is integrity. Just as in life, integrity is the highest

quality of architecture (…) Take stand for integrity of yours buildings and you will not only take stand for integrity in the lives of those who

built, because reciprocal relationship is in society inevitable” (Frank Lloyd Wright, 1954.g.)

This idea was said more than a half century ago, but it seems “more necessary today, than it was at that time”. 22

Considering current educational process, it points to architecture of senses, artistic impression and esthetics, as a

permanent and inexhaustible field of research within the architectural profession. In the process of forming

public opinion, critical review on the theory and practice of creative act, shown in the paper, is inevitable,

because it highlights the very human character of architecture as a science, i.e., as Paul Klee said: “… art doesn`t

reflect visible, but makes visible. “

The paper increases social and cultural perception of the importance of the process of education of builders,

supports innovative, intelligent, and practical solutions, i.e., it creates human, integrated and sensual space, space

of special spiritual and practical value for education of builders. Affirmation of identity is opposed to a

monotonous model of already seen, captured and recognized. The result is thoughtful, sensually designed, and

human and comfort place for education, harmonized with the capacity of nature and principles of energy

efficient design. The usage of modern installations, universal, inclusive23

and sustainable design is in the

22 Juhani Pallasmaa, Oči kože. Arhitektura i osjetila, Evropski Glasnik, Godište XIV, broj 14, Zagreb 2009. (str. 651) 23 The result of research of inclusive design is successful international corporation in frame of the science-research project Faculty of

Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Banja Luka and Faculty of Architecture, Belgrade, in framework of master studies of these

faculties, and he is done on specific locations in Banja Luka and Belgrade with help of British Council in Belgrade and Metropolitan

function of modern education which requires inspiring space, continuously moderate temperature and fresh air

for creative work.

Achieved comfort combines architecture, educational process and life. If we accept definition that architecture is

a mother of all arts, an architect has the right to choose the right solution which has meaning and beauty,

thinking about comfort, sustainability, stability and health. Builder educated in this institution is expected to

master the knowledge successfully, i.e., to be step ahead, to offer solution which significantly and meaningfully

enhances the quality of life.

The result of research indicates the spark which offers incentive and natural instinct for creativity, i.e., it brings

the light of reason into the darkness of principles and rules, which enables selection in right way. The imperative

is to create innovative and sensual space of school which with artistic experience combines identity and senses,

i.e., with its body and soul it encourages students to create, research and experiment.

Univeristy, London, see more in Catalog from exhibition Dostupnost za sve Arhitektonsko-građevinskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Banjoj

Luci, 2010, www agfbl.org

LITERATURA:

[1] J. Pallasmaa, Oči kože. Arhitektura i osjetila, Zagreb 2009.

[2] H. Ibelings, Restart - Arhitektura u Bosni i Hercegovini 1995-2010, Sarajevu, 2010.

[3] G. Makstutis, Architecture an introduction, London 2010.

[4] P. Bojanić i V. Đogić, Teorija arhitekture i urbanizma, Beograd 2009.

[5] M. Stanković i J. Stanković: "Arhitektura čula, instalacije i održiv dizajn" Beograd 2010.

[6] M. Frederick, 101 Things I Learned in Architecture School, London 2007.

[7] V. Мako, Estetika- arhitektura, Kreativan proces između subjektivnog i opšte-društvenog estetskog značenja,

Beograd 2009.

[8] M. Stanković: Obrazovanje graditelja u Republici Srpskoj, Procedure i problematika izgradnje objekata,

Beograd 2007, (str. 219-230)

[9] M. Stanković i S. Stanković: „New Edducational profile Builder in Banja Luka-a, Beograd 2009.

[10] M. Stanković i D. Gajić: Energetski održivo graditeljstvo u BiH – potreba – vizija - imperativ, , Banjaluka

2009.

[11] M. Stanković: "Prostorno održiv razvoj grada Banjaluke sa akcentom na stanovanju," Beograd 2007.

[12] M. Stanković, Harmonija i konflikti u prostoru, Banjaluka 2007.