new design guidelines for slug loading and response in...
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New Design Guidelines for Slug Loading
and Response in Pipelines and Risers
MCE Deepwater Development 2015, London
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Slug Loading and Response
SLARP Phase 2 Testing
A-frame Supports
Lazy-S RiserTypical Riser Base Spool Problem
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Slugging Problem Definition
Steady flow = Constant force
Slug flow = Time varying forces
− Varying fluid mass (heavy vs light)
− Varying fluid forces at bends
− Varying pressure, friction, Coriolis, etc.
Fatigue and overloading can occur
if slug flow is coupled with onerous
frequencies, dynamics and susceptible
configurations
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Phase 1: Kick-off April 2010
Phase 2: Completed 2014
Phase 3: Commenced 2014
⇒ Schedule for completion Q1 2016
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Slug Loading and Response
in Pipelines and Risers
⇒ Global structural response
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2
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Participation
Phase 1: Desktop Analysis
BP, BSEE, Chevron, ExxonMobil, Petrobras, Saipem,
Technip, Total, GE-Wellstream
Phase 2: Testing & Analysis
BP, BSEE, Chevron, ExxonMobil, Petrobras, Saipem,
Total, GE-Wellstream
Phase 3: Further Testing & Analysis
BP, Chevron, Saipem, Total
⇒ Confirmed to date…
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Collaboration
Supported by a wide range of
collaborating organizations
Working together to achieve a
common GOAL
Establish industry consensus on
methodologies for analyzing structural
response of pipeline & riser
configurations subject to slug flow
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Analytical formulation & methodologies
Communication of flow data
Global response to bend forces
Enhanced numerical modelling
Multi-planar configurations
Response coupling
Breakup & vertical flow
Viscosity effects
Resonance effects7
Phase 1
Phase 2(Testing)
Phase 3(Testing)
Targeted Uncertainties
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Phase 2 Testing
4.5” horizontal U-piece
A-frame vertical supports
Single shot water slugs
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Southwest Research
Institute (TX, USA)
− Wide range of slug velocities
(4 m/s to 15 m/s)
− Testing performed in air
− Slugs propelled using
Nitrogen from an inclined
loading beam
− Slug lengths between 20 m
and 30 m considered
− Various support conditions
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Test Results and Findings
Enhanced numerical model developed to replicate
changing length & velocity of slugs
Excellent correlations achieved
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Dynamic displacement of piping
system due to slug flow
Horizontal racking
displacement of U-piece
String potentiometer
for displacement
measurement
Numerical model
correlation
Physical Model vs Numerical Model
Pipe Displacement Time History
CFD correlation
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SLARP Design Guideline
Problem Definition & Context
Latest Design Methodologies
Detailed Guidance on:
Flow data transfer (flow assurance to SURF)
Flow data assessment (qualitative & quantitative)
Iteration and optimization (analysis approach and configuration)
Monitoring of Structural Response
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SLARP Methodologies
Preliminary:
− Flow data sorted into groups
− Regular slug analysis performed for
representative slug units (regular train)
− Slug units can be fixed or variable
Intermediate:
− Detailed load definition (e.g. 4 hr
slug flow time history)
− Irregular slug train
− Random slug train
− Fixed or variable slug units
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Complex
− Coupled CFD-FEA
− Fluid structure interaction
− Demanding simulations
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Intermediate Approaches
Slug Train Analogy…
Irregular slug train setup based on
specific flow assurance (FA)
simulation window
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Flow Assurance Input Data
Tabulated global input data
Liquid slug start times staggered as
per flow simulation window(s)
Regular Train = Consecutive identical units
Sample time history table - Time stamp example format:
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Slug Unit No.Entry Time
(s)
Liquid Slug Pocket (or Bubble)Slug Unit Velocity
(m/s)Length (m)Equivalent
Density (kg/m3)
Length (m)Equivalent
Density (kg/m3)
1 0 100 700 200 200 5
2 100 60 825 150 225 6
3 200 80 750 125 215 3
4 300 120 675 175 205 8
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
Populate table with all slug units identified in flow assurance prediction analysis window (e.g. 4 hrs, 12 hrs, 18 hrs)
e.g. 4 hrs
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Irregular Slug Train
Each slug unit can be different
Different representative slug unit
velocities can be assigned to slug units
Train carriages can join,
separate & change length!
Variable slug units are also possible, i.e.:
Slug units can change properties during transit
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Slugging Fatigue Damage
First calculate for simulation window
e.g. 4 hrs, 8 hrs or 12 hrs
Then extrapolated to window of operation
e.g. 12 months
Compare to slugging fatigue budget
(or total calculation)
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Slugging?Other fatigue mechanisms
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Phase 3 – Latest Scope of Work
Testing with continuous flow setup
Testing of multi-planar configuration
Numerical model correlation
SLARP Design Guideline update
Worked examples
Field data correlation study
Detailed monitoring system review16
Final details
being worked
Subject to final
participation
numbers
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Summary
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Summary
SLARP Design Guideline represents
a significant forward step as the 1st
collaborative industry guideline
relating to slug loading & response
methodologies in pipelines & risers
Successful correlation of full scale test
response results with numerical model
predictions for a range of conditions
Phase 3 (now ongoing) will significantly
expand current insights & model validation18
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MCE DD 2015 – Thank You!
Presenter:
Jason Payne, Wood Group Kenny Ireland
Senior Project Manager – Technology Team
Co-authors:
− Adrian Connaire & Christian Chauvet, WGK
− Steven Green, Southwest Research Institute (SwRI)
Acknowledgments:
− SLARP JIP Participants - BP, BSEE, Chevron, ExxonMobil, GE-
Wellstream, Petrobras, Saipem, Technip, Total
19www.slarp-jip.com