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NEW CHLORALKALI PLANT IN ARANDIS Environmental Scoping, Impact Assessment and Management Plan Report
Prepared for: Calculus Commodities (Pty) Ltd
Prepared by: Knight Piésold Ltd.
Project Number: 301-00845/02
Revision Number: Final Submission
Date: 10 December 2019
Prepared for
Calculus Commodities (Pty) Ltd
973 Kupfer Street
Tsumeb
Namibia, 1054
Prepared by
Knight Piésold (Pty) Ltd.
Corner 43 Nelson Mandela Ave and Hugo Hahn Street
Klein Windhoek, Windhoek,
Namibia
Project Number
RI 301-00845/02
NEW CHLORALKALI PLANT IN ARANDIS
ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING, IMPACT
ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN
REPORT
Rev Description Date
A Issued in Final 10 December 2019
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Calculus Commodities (Pty) Ltd, a holding company of Calculus Industries (Pty) Ltd, proposes to
construct a new chloralkali plant within the Arandis Town municipality. Calculus Industries is a private
limited company, incorporated in the Republic of Namibia. The company was registered in 2017 and
is 100% Namibian owned, through Calculus Commodities (Pty) Ltd and Vigor Group (Pty) Ltd. The
Arandis Town Council zoned the property allocated to Calculus Commodities as industrial prior to the
commencement of the EIA process. The proposed plant will operate to produce industrial grade
chemicals, such as caustic soda (both lye and solid flakes), liquid chlorine, liquified carbon dioxide
and calcium chloride granules for supply to industries within Namibia and the rest of Africa. The plant
will require additional road, water, sewage and electrical support infrastructure as follows:
• Access road connected to Aloe Road in Arandis
• Water derived from a connection with the Arandis municipal line
• Sewage line connected to the manhole feeding to the nearby oxidation ponds
• Electrical supply line connected to the nearby Erongo Regional Electricity Distributor Company
(Pty) Ltd. substation
Knight Piésold Consulting (Pty) Ltd were appointed as independent environmental assessment
practitioners for the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for the proposed project.
The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is being undertaken in terms of the Namibian EIA
Regulations (2012), and the following listed activities (numbering as per the Regulations) are being
applied for:
• 1(b) the construction of facilities for the transmission and supply of electricity.
• 3.3 Resource extraction, manipulation, conservation and related activities.
• 8.6 Construction of industrial and domestic wastewater treatment plants and related pipeline
systems.
• 9.1 The manufacturing, storage, handling or processing of a hazardous substance defined in the
Hazardous Substances Ordinance, 1974.
• 10.1(a) The construction of oil, water, gas, petrochemical and other bulk supply pipelines.
• 10.1(b) The construction of public roads.
A public participation process was undertaken which included site notices, town notices, newspaper
advertisements, individual notifications and a public review period for the EIA.
The environmental and social impacts of the proposed plant were assessed, with potential negative
impacts being able to be reduced to low significance ratings with appropriate mitigation measures
followed. Negative impacts which were identified include, but are not limited to, contamination of
soils, localised habitat fragmentation, increased vehicular movements and increased noise and air
emission generation. Potential positive impacts were identified, such as opportunities for employment
and economic growth within Arandis as well as economic input towards the Namibian gross domestic
product.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... I
Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................................... i
1.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Project Location ............................................................................................................................... 1
2.0 EIA ROADMAP ................................................................................................................................ 3
3.0 DETAILS OF THE APPLICANT AND CONSULTANT ................................................................. 11 3.1 Details of the applicant ................................................................................................................... 11 3.2 Details of the environmental consultants ....................................................................................... 11
4.0 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK .......................................................................................... 12
5.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION............................................................................................................. 16 5.1 Project Overview ............................................................................................................................ 16
5.2 Project Programme and Activities .................................................................................................. 16 5.3 Project Design ................................................................................................................................ 17
5.3.1 Construction Activities ................................................................................................ 17
5.3.2 Operational Activities .................................................................................................. 17
5.3.3 Decommissioning Activities ........................................................................................ 20
5.4 Ancilliary infrastructure ................................................................................................................... 20 5.5 Waste Management ....................................................................................................................... 20
5.5.1 Solid Waste ................................................................................................................ 20 5.5.2 Gaseous Particulate Emissions .................................................................................. 21 5.5.3 Liquid Effluent ............................................................................................................. 21
5.6 Project Alternatives ........................................................................................................................ 21
5.6.1 No-Project ................................................................................................................... 21 5.6.2 Site Alternatives .......................................................................................................... 21 5.6.3 Process Alternatives ................................................................................................... 21 5.6.4 Water Supply Alternative ............................................................................................ 22 5.6.5 Electrical Supply Alternative: ...................................................................................... 22
5.6.6 Sewage Line Alternative: ............................................................................................ 22
6.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENT ......................................................................................................... 23
6.1 Topography & Drainage ................................................................................................................. 23 6.2 Geology .......................................................................................................................................... 23 6.3 Soils................................................................................................................................................ 24 6.4 Climate ........................................................................................................................................... 24 6.5 Land Use ........................................................................................................................................ 24 6.6 Biodiversity ..................................................................................................................................... 24
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6.6.1 Flora ............................................................................................................................ 25 6.6.2 Fauna .......................................................................................................................... 25
6.7 Air Quality ....................................................................................................................................... 27
6.8 Noise .............................................................................................................................................. 27 6.9 Water Quality/Sources ................................................................................................................... 27
6.9.1 Surface Water ............................................................................................................. 27 6.9.2 Groundwater ............................................................................................................... 27
6.10 Socio-economic .............................................................................................................................. 28
6.10.1 Erongo Region ............................................................................................................ 28 6.10.2 Arandis Town .............................................................................................................. 28
6.11 Heritage .......................................................................................................................................... 28 6.11.1 Desktop Assessment: ................................................................................................. 29 6.11.2 Field Survey: ............................................................................................................... 31
7.0 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ............................................................................................................ 33 7.1 Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 33
7.1.1 Notification .................................................................................................................. 33 7.1.2 Media Coverage ......................................................................................................... 33
7.1.3 Review Period ............................................................................................................ 33 7.1.4 Interested and Affected Parties .................................................................................. 33
7.2 Comments and Responses ............................................................................................................ 33
8.0 IMPACT ASSESSMENT................................................................................................................ 34 8.1 Defining the nature of the impact ................................................................................................... 34
8.1.1 Assessing Significance ............................................................................................... 34 8.2 Impact Assessment per Environmental Aspect ............................................................................. 40
8.2.1 Topography & Drainage ............................................................................................. 40
8.2.2 Geology ...................................................................................................................... 40
8.2.3 Climate ........................................................................................................................ 40 8.2.4 Land Use .................................................................................................................... 40
8.2.5 Biodiversity ................................................................................................................. 40 8.2.6 Air Quality ................................................................................................................... 41 8.2.7 Noise ........................................................................................................................... 41
8.2.8 Water Quality .............................................................................................................. 41 8.2.9 Socio-Economic .......................................................................................................... 41
8.2.10 Heritage ...................................................................................................................... 42
9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN.................................................................................. 43
10.0 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................... 53
11.0 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 54
12.0 CERTIFICATION ........................................................................................................................... 55
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TABLES
Table 1: EIA Roadmap (using MET Reporting Guideline) ............................................................................ 3 Table 2: Details of the Applicant and Environmental Assessment Practitioner .......................................... 11 Table 3: Listed activities being applied for .................................................................................................. 12
Table 4: Other potentially relevant legislation (Dr Lima Maartens) ............................................................. 14 Table 5: Proposed Project Schedule (Calculus Industries (Pty) Ltd, 2019) ................................................ 16 Table 6: Table of Fauna Expected to occur within the vicinity of the Project Area (Speiser, 2012) ........... 26 Table 7: Impact Nature ................................................................................................................................ 34 Table 8: Ranking Criteria ............................................................................................................................ 35
Table 9: Significance Definitions ................................................................................................................. 36 Table 10: Impact Significance ..................................................................................................................... 37 Table 11: Environmental Management Plan - Construction Phase ............................................................ 44
Table 12: Environmental Management Plan - Operation Phase ................................................................ 47 Table 13: Environmental Management Plan - Closure Phase .................................................................... 51
FIGURES
Figure 1: Locality map of the proposed Chloralkali Plant ............................................................................. 2
Figure 2: Verification received from MET .................................................................................................... 13 Figure 3: Simplified production process anticipated for the proposed Chloralkali plant ............................. 19 Figure 4: Landscape of the proposed project site ....................................................................................... 23
Figure 5: Photograph of floral community present on the site .................................................................... 25 Figure 6: Archaeological sites in the vicinity of Arandis, Erongo Region, shown as black dots (data
from Namib Desert Archaeological Survey), in relation to the Arandis town limits and
the footprint area of the proposed Arandis Chloralkali Plant and its related..................... 30
Figure 7: Mid-Pleistocene stone artefacts from the footprint area of the proposed Arandis Chloralkali
Plant (scale 1:5), dorsal view on left with obverse on right. .............................................. 31
Figure 8: The layout of the proposed Arandis Chloralkali Plant and its related linear infrastructure
corridors, indicating the distribution of archaeological sites located during the field
survey. ............................................................................................................................... 32
APPENDICES
Annexure A: Arandis Town Planning Map
Annexure B: Curriculum Vitae
Annexure C: Plant and Services Layout Map
Annexure D: Prefeasibility Study: Technical Extract
Annexure E: Letter from Arandis Town Council
Annexure F: Heritage Specialist Report
Annexure G: Public Participation
Annexure H: Proof of Payment
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ABBREVIATIONS
AIDS ................................................................................................. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
BID .......................................................................................................... Background Information Document
EPC ........................................................................................... Engineering, Procurement and Construction
ESIA .......................................................................................Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
EIA ........................................................................................................... Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP ............................................................................................................ Environmental Management Plan
Erongo RED ....................................................... Erongo Regional Electricity Distributor Company (Pty) Ltd
ESA ....................................................................................................................................... Early Stone Age
GN .................................................................................................................................... Government Notice
HIV ............................................................................................................... Human Immunodeficiency Virus
I&APs ............................................................................................................ Interested and Affected Parties
MET ...................................................................................................... Ministry of Environment and Tourism
MSA ..................................................................................................................................... Middle Stone Age
MVA ................................................................................................................................... megavolt amperes
mtpa ........................................................................................................................ metric tonnes per annum
PPE ............................................................................................................... Personal Protective Equipment
SADC ..........................................................................................Southern African Development Community
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Calculus Commodities (Pty) Ltd, a holding company of Calculus Industries (Pty) Ltd, hereafter
referred to as Calculus Commodities, has identified a gap within the manufacturing industry, whereby
industrial users currently need to import specialty materials and chemicals for production processes
from overseas. Calculus proposes to bridge the aforementioned gap by producing and supplying
specialty chemicals to industry within Namibia, and in doing so, promote further industrialization within
the Namibian- as well as within the South African Development Community (SADC) economy. In
order to achieve this, Calculus Commodities proposes the development of a new chloralkali plant.
1.1 PROJECT LOCATION
The proposed site for the new chloralkali plant is in Arandis, within the Erongo Region of Namibia.
The proposed location is highlighted in Figure 1 below.
The demarcated site is located south-west of the town of Arandis and encompasses a total area of
15 hectares (ha). The plant is anticipated to have a footprint of 11.2 ha.
The Arandis Town Council has demarcated the site and zoned the land as “Industrial”, for the
intended purpose of the chloralkali plant in a commissioned town planning study undertaken by
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants (2016), with the layout provided as Annexure A.
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Figure 1: Locality map of the proposed Chloralkali Plant
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2.0 EIA ROADMAP
The EIA was prepared using the requirements of the Namibian EIA Regulations (2012) as well as the
Reporting Guideline for Environmental Assessment issued by the MET in 2018. The latter includes a
review checklist which is used in this section as a roadmap to locate the sections within the EIA in
which the aspects are addressed, as applicable.
Table 1: EIA Roadmap (using MET Reporting Guideline)
Aspect to be addressed Section of EIA
1. Description of the Project
The Objectives and Physical Characteristics of the Project
1.1 Are the need for and objectives of the project explained? 1.0
1.2 Is the programme for implementation of the project described, detailing the estimated length of time and start and finish dates for construction, operation and decommissioning?
5.2
1.3 Are all the main components of the project described? 5.0
1.4 Is the location of each project component identified, using maps, plans and diagrams as necessary?
1.1
Annexure C
1.5 Is the layout of the site (or sites) occupied by the project described? (including ground levels, buildings, other physical structures, underground works, coastal works, storage facilities, water features, planting, access corridors, boundaries)
5.1
5.3.1
1.6 For linear projects, are the route corridor, the vertical and horizontal alignment and any tunnelling and earthworks described?
5.3.1
5.4
1.7 Are the activities involved in construction of the project all described? 5.3.1
1.8 Are the activities involved in operation of the project all described? 5.3.2
1.9 Are the activities involved in decommissioning the project all described? (e.g. closure, dismantling, demolition, clearance, site restoration, site re-use, etc.)
5.3.3
1.10 Are any additional services required for the project all described? (e.g. transport access, water, sewerage, waste disposal, electricity, telecoms) or developments (e.g. roads, harbours, powerlines, pipelines)
5.3.1
5.4
1.11 Are any developments likely to occur as a consequence of the project identified? (e.g. new housing, roads, water or sewerage infrastructure, aggregate extraction)
5.3
5.4
1.12 Are any existing activities which will alter or cease as a consequence of the project identified?
N/A
1.13 Are any other existing or planned developments with which the project could have cumulative effects identified? Project is associated with a road and pipeline. Cumulative impacts to air quality and noise have been noted.
5.1
8.2.6
8.2.7
The Size of the Project
1.14 Is the area of land occupied by each of the permanent project components quantified and shown on a scaled map? (including any associated access arrangements, landscaping and ancillary facilities).
1.1
Annexure C
1.15 Is the area of land required temporarily for construction quantified and mapped? 5.3.1
1.16 Is the reinstatement and after use of land occupied temporarily for operation of the project described? (e.g. land used for mining or quarrying)
5.3.3
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Aspect to be addressed Section of EIA
1. Description of the Project
1.17 Is the size of any structures or other works developed as part of the project identified? 5.3.1
5.4
1.18 Is the form and appearance of any structures or other works developed as part of the project described?
5.3.1
5.4
1.19 For urban or similar development projects, are the numbers and other characteristics of new populations or business communities described?
N/A
1.20 For projects involving the displacement of people or businesses, are the numbers and other characteristics of those displaced described?
N/A
1.21
For new transport infrastructure or projects generating substantial traffic flows, is the type, volume, temporal pattern and geographical distribution of new traffic generated or diverted as a consequence of the project described? It is recommended that a Traffic Impact Assessment and Management Plan be undertaken during the Feasibility Study
No
1.22 Are all the processes involved in operating the project described? (e.g. manufacturing or engineering processes, primary raw material production, agricultural or forestry production methods, extraction processes)
5.3.2.2
1.23 Are the types and quantities of outputs produced by the project described? 5.3.2.3
1.24 Are the types and quantities of raw materials and energy needed for construction and operation discussed?
5.3.2.1
1.25 Are the environmental implications of the sourcing of raw materials discussed?
No, as the raw materials are sourced from pre-existing industrial suppliers. No
1.26 Is efficiency in use of energy and raw materials discussed? 5.6.3
1.27 Are any hazardous materials used, stored, handled or produced by the project identified and quantified?
Annexure D
1.28
Are the transport of raw materials to the project and the number of traffic movements involved discussed? (including road, rail and sea transport)
• during construction • during operation • during decommissioning
It is recommended that a Traffic Impact Assessment and Management Plan be undertaken during the Feasibility Study
5.3
1.29
Is employment created or lost as a result of the project discussed?
• during construction • during operation • during decommissioning
8.2.9
1.30
Are the access arrangements and the number of traffic movements involved in bringing workers and visitors to the project estimated?
• during construction • during operation • during decommissioning
It is recommended that a Traffic Impact Assessment and Management Plan be undertaken during the Feasibility Study
5.3
1.32 Is the housing and provision of services for any temporary or permanent employees for the project discussed? (relevant for projects requiring migration of a substantial new workforce into the area for either construction or the long term)
5.3.1
Residues and Emissions
1.33
Are the types and quantities of solid waste generated by the project identified?
• during construction • during operation • during decommissioning
5.5
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Aspect to be addressed Section of EIA
1. Description of the Project
1.34 Are the composition and toxicity or other hazards of all solid wastes produced by the project discussed?
5.5.1
1.35 Are the methods for collecting, storing, treating, transporting and finally disposing of these solid wastes described?
5.5.1
1.36 Are the locations for final disposal of all solid wastes discussed? 5.5.1
1.37
Are the types and quantities of liquid effluents generated by the project identified? (including site drainage and run-off, process wastes, cooling water, treated effluents, sewerage)
• during construction • during operation • during decommissioning
5.5.3
1.38 Are the composition and toxicity or other hazards of all liquid effluents produced by the project discussed?
5.5.3
1.39 Are the methods for collecting, storing, treating, transporting and finally disposing of these liquid effluents described?
5.5.3
1.40 Are the locations for final disposal of all liquid effluents discussed? 5.5.3
1.41
Are the types and quantities of gaseous and particulate emissions generated by the project identified? (including process emissions, fugitive emissions, emissions from combustion of fossil fuels in stationary and mobile plant, emissions from traffic, dust from materials handling, odours)
• during construction • during operation • during decommissioning.
5.5.2
1.42 Are the composition and toxicity or other hazards of all emissions to air produced by the project discussed?
5.5.2
1.43 Are the methods for collecting, treating and finally discharging these emissions to air described?
5.5.2
1.44 Are the locations for discharge of all emissions to air identified and the characteristics of the discharges identified? (e.g. height of stack, velocity and temperature of release)
5.5.2
1.45 Is the potential for resource recovery from wastes and residues discussed? 5.5.2
1.46 Are any sources of noise, heat, light or electromagnetic radiation from the project identified and quantified? (including equipment, processes, construction works, traffic, lighting, etc.
6.8
1.47 Are the methods for estimating the quantities and composition of all residues and emissions identified and any difficulties discussed?
6.7
1.48 Is the uncertainty attached to estimates of residues and emissions discussed? N/A
1.49
Are any risks associated with the project discussed?
• risks from handling of hazardous materials • risks from spills fire, explosion • risks of traffic accidents • risks from breakdown or failure of processes or facilities • risks from exposure of the project to natural disasters (earthquake, flood, etc.)
A detailed health and safety plan (including emergency response) must be compiled by the client
8.2
9.0
1.50 Are measures to prevent and respond to accidents and abnormal events described? (preventive measures, training, contingency plans, emergency plans, etc.)
2. Consideration of Alternatives
2.1 Is the process by which the project was developed described and are alternatives 5.6.3
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Aspect to be addressed Section of EIA
1. Description of the Project
considered during this process described?
2.2 Is the baseline situation in the No Project situation described? 5.6.1
2.3 Are the alternatives realistic and genuine alternatives to the project? 5.6
2.4 Are the main reasons for choice of the proposed project explained, including any environmental reasons for the choice?
5.6
2.5 Are the main environmental effects of the alternatives compared with those of the proposed project?
5.6
3. Description of Environment Likely to be Affected by the Project
Aspects of Environment
3.1
Are the existing land uses of the land to be occupied by the project and the surrounding area described and are any people living on or using the land identified? (including residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational and amenity land uses and any buildings, structures or other property)
6.5
3.2 Are the topography, geology and soils of the land to be occupied by the project and the surrounding area described? 6.1
6.2 3.3
Are any significant features of the topography or geology of the area described and are the conditions and use of soils described?
3.4 Are the fauna and flora and habitats of the land to be occupied by the project and the surrounding area described and illustrated on appropriate maps?
6.6
3.5 Are species populations and characteristics of habitats that may be affected by the project described and are any designated or protected species or areas defined?
3.6 Is the water environment of the area described? (including running and static surface waters, groundwaters, estuaries, coastal waters and the sea and including run off and drainage. NB not relevant if water environment will not be affected by the project)
6.9
3.7 Are the hydrology, water quality and use of any water resources that may be affected by the project described? (including use for water supply, fisheries, angling, bathing, amenity, navigation, effluent disposal)
6.9
3.8 Are local climatic and meteorological conditions and existing air quality in the area described? (NB not relevant if the atmospheric environment will not be affected by the project)
6.4
6.7
3.9 Is the existing noise climate described? (NB not relevant if acoustic environment will not be affected by the project)
6.8
3.10 Is the existing situation regarding light, heat and electromagnetic radiation described? (NB not relevant if these characteristics of the environment will not be affected by the project)
N/A
3.11 Are any material assets in the area that may be affected by the project described? (including buildings, other structures, mineral resources, water resources)
6.9
3.12 Are any locations or features of archaeological, historic, architectural or other community or cultural importance in the area that may be bisected the project described, including any designated or protected sites?
6.11
3.13 Is the landscape or townscape of the area that may be affected by the project described, including any designated or protected landscapes and any important views or viewpoints?
6.1
3.14 Are demographic, social and socio-economic conditions (e.g. employment) in the area described?
6.10
3.15 Are any future changes in any of the above aspects of the environment that may occur in the absence of the project described? (the so- called Moving Baseline or No Project situation)
5.6.1
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Aspect to be addressed Section of EIA
1. Description of the Project
Data Collection and Survey Methods
3.16 Has the study area been defined widely enough to include all the area likely to be significantly affected by the project?
1.1
5.0
3.17 Have all relevant national and local agencies been contacted to collect information on the baseline environment?
Annexure F
3.18 Have sources of data and information on the existing environment been adequately referenced?
11.0
3.19
Where surveys have been undertaken as part of the Environmental Studies to characterise the baseline environment are the methods used, any difficulties encountered and any uncertainties in the data described?
No difficulties or uncertainties were noted by the heritage specialist
6.11
3.20 Were the methods used appropriate for the purpose? Annexure
F
3.21
Are any important gaps in the data on the existing environment identified and the means used to deal with these gaps during the assessment explained?
No gaps in data were noted by the heritage specialist
N/A
3.22
If surveys would be required to adequately characterise the baseline environment but they have not been practicable for any reason, are the reasons explained and proposals set out for the surveys to be undertaken at a later stage?
Physical surveys were undertaken for the heritage study.
N/A
4. Description of the Likely Significant Effects of the Project
Scoping of Effects
4.1 Is the process by which the scope of the Environmental Studies was defined described? 4.0
4.2 Is it evident that a systematic approach to scoping was adopted?
4.3 Is it evident that full consultation was carried out during scoping? Annexure
G
4.4 Are the comments and views of consultees presented? Annexure
G
Prediction of Direct Effects
4.5 Are direct, primary effects on land uses, people and property described and where appropriate quantified?
8.2.4
4.6 Are direct, primary effects on geological features and characteristics of soils described and where appropriate quantified?
8.2.1
8.2.2
4.7 Are direct, primary effects on fauna and flora and habitats described and where appropriate quantified?
8.2.5
4.8 Are direct, primary effects on the hydrology and water quality of water features described and where appropriate quantified?
8.2.8
4.9 Are direct, primary effects on uses of the water environment described and where appropriate quantified?
8.2.8
4.10 Are direct, primary effects on air quality and climatic conditions described and where appropriate quantified?
8.2.3
8.2.6
4.11 Are direct, primary effects on the acoustic environment (noise or vibration) described and where appropriate quantified?
8.2.7
4.12 Are direct, primary effects on heat, light or electromagnetic radiation described and where N/A
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Aspect to be addressed Section of EIA
1. Description of the Project
appropriate quantified?
4.13 Are direct, primary effects on material assets and depletion of non-renewable natural resources (e.g. fossil fuels, minerals) described?
N/A
4.14 Are direct, primary effects on locations or features of cultural importance described? 8.2.10
4.15 Are direct, primary effects on the quality of the landscape and on views and viewpoints described and where appropriate illustrated?
8.2.4
4.16 Are direct, primary effects on demography, social and socio-economic condition in the area described and where appropriate quantified?
8.2.9
Prediction of Secondary, Temporary, Short Term, Long Term, Accidental, Indirect, Cumulative Effects
4.17
Are secondary effects on any of the above aspects of the environment caused by primary effects on other aspects described and where appropriate quantified? (e.g. effects on fauna, flora or habitats caused by soil, air or water pollution or noise; effects on uses of water caused by changes in hydrology or water quality; effects on archaeological remains caused by desiccation of soils)
8.0
4.18 Are temporary, short term effects caused during construction or during time limited phases of project operation or decommissioning described?
4.19 Are permanent effects on the environment caused by construction, operation or decommissioning of the project described?
4.20 Are long-term effects on the environment caused over the lifetime of project operations or caused by build-up of pollutants in the environment described?
4.21 Are effects which could result from accidents, abnormal events or exposure of the project to natural or man-made disasters described and where appropriate quantified?
4.22 Are effects on the environment caused by activities ancillary to the main project described?
4.25 Are indirect effects on the environment caused by consequential development described?
4.24 Are cumulative effects on the environment off the project together with other existing or planned developments in the locality described?
4.25 Are the geographic extent, duration, frequency, reversibility and probability of occurrence of each effect identified as appropriate?
Prediction of Effects on Human Health and Sustainable Development Issues
4.26 Are primary and secondary effects on human health and welfare described and where appropriate quantified?
8.2.9
4.27 Are impacts on issues such as biodiversity, global climate change and sustainable development discussed where appropriate?
8.2.5
8.2.3
Evaluation of the Significance of Effects
4.28 Is the significance or importance of each predicted effect discussed in terms of its compliance with legal requirement and the number, importance and sensitivity of people, resources or other receptors affected?
8.0
4.29 Where effects are evaluated against legal standards or requirements are appropriate local, national or international standards used and relevant guidance followed?
4.30 Are positive effects on the environment described as well as negative effects?
4.31 Is the significance of each effect clearly explained?
4.32 Are methods used to predict effects described and are the reasons for their choice, any difficulties encountered and uncertainties in the results discussed?
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4.33 Where there is uncertainty about the precise details of the project and its impact on the environment are worst case predictions described?
Yes
4.34 Where there have been difficulties in compiling the data needed to predict or evaluate effects are these difficulties acknowledged and their implications for the results discussed?
N/A
4.35 Is the basis for evaluating the significance or importance of impacts clearly described? 8.0
4.36 Are impacts described on the basis that all proposed mitigation has been implemented i.e. are residual impacts described?
8.0
4.47 Is the level of treatment of each effect appropriate to its importance for the development consent decision? Does the discussion focus on the key issues and avoid irrelevant or unnecessary information?
8.0
4.48 Is appropriate emphasis given to the most severe, adverse effects of the project with lesser emphasis given to less significant effects?
8.0
5. DESCRIPTION OF MITIGATION
5.1 Where there are significant adverse effects on any aspect of the environment is the potential for mitigation of these effects discussed?
9.0
5.2 Are any measures which the Developer proposes to implement to mitigate effects clearly described and their effect on the magnitude and significance of impacts clearly explained?
5.3 If the effect of mitigation measures on the magnitude and significance of impacts is uncertain is this explained?
5.4 Is it clear whether the Developer has made a binding commitment to implement the proposed mitigation or that the mitigation measures are just suggestions or recommendations?
5.5 Are the Developer's reasons for choosing the proposed mitigation explained?
5.6 Are responsibilities for implementation of mitigation including funding clearly defined?
5.7 Where mitigation of significant adverse effects is not practicable, or the Developer has chosen not to propose any mitigation are the reasons for this clearly explained?
5.8
Is it evident that the EIA Team and the Developer have considered the full range of possible approaches to mitigation including measures to reduce or avoid impacts by alternative strategies or locations, changes to the project design and layout, changes to methods and processes, "end of pipe" treatment, changes to implementation plans and management practices, measures to repair or remedy impacts and measures to compensate impacts?
5.9 Are arrangements proposed to monitor and manage residual impacts?
5.10 Are any negative effects of the proposed mitigation described?
6. NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY
6.1 Does the Environmental information include a Non-Technical Summary?
Exe
cu
tive
Su
mm
ary
6.2 Does the Summary provide a concise but comprehensive description of the project, its environment, the effects of the project on the environment and the proposed mitigation?
6.3 Does the Summary highlight any significant uncertainties about the project and its environmental effects?
6.4 Does the Summary explain the development consent process for the project and the role of EIA in this process?
6.5 Does the Summary provide an overview of the approach to the assessment?
6.6 Is the Summary written in non-technical language, avoiding technical terms, detailed data
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and scientific discussion?
6.7 Would it be comprehensible to a lay member of the public?
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3.0 DETAILS OF THE APPLICANT AND
CONSULTANT
3.1 DETAILS OF THE APPLICANT
Table 2: Details of the Applicant and Environmental Assessment Practitioner
Applicant Environmental Assessment
Practitioner
Name of company / organization
Calculus Commodities (Pty) Ltd Knight Piésold Consulting (Pty) Ltd
Contact person Elias Sipunga Lloyd Lynch / Tania Oosthuizen
Telephone
+264 67 227 574
+264 61 307 297
+27 11 806 7111
Physical address 973 Kupfer street
Tsumeb
Namibia
Corner 45 Nelson Mandela Ave and Hugo Hann Street,
Klein Windhoek
Windhoek
Postal address PO Box 1504
Tsumeb
Namibia
PO Box 86062
Eros
Windhoek
3.2 DETAILS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS
Knight Piésold is an international consulting company providing engineering and environmental services
for the mining, power, water, transportation and construction sectors. Knight Piésold was founded in
South Africa in 1921 and has expanded over the world in response to project requirements, with 30
offices established in 15 countries, namely Argentina, Australia, Botswana, Canada, Chile, China,
Colombia, Ghana, Namibia, Peru, South Africa, Swaziland, the USA, and Vietnam.
Knight Piésold has an office in Windhoek, Namibia and provide engineering and environmental services
to the transportation, mining and water sectors. The team has been involved in various environmental
projects across Namibia. Knight Piésold Consulting (Pty) Ltd has been appointed as environmental
practitioners to undertake the Environmental study for the proposed new chloralkali plant in Arandis.
Curriculum vitae of Lloyd Lynch and Tania Oosthuizen are available in Annexure B.
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4.0 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK
The overarching legislative requirements for this EIA report are contained within the Environmental
Management Act. The regulations under section 56 of the Environmental Management Act (GN No. 30
of 2012) and the “List of activities that may not be undertaken without Environmental Clearance” under
section 27 of the Environmental Management Act were published (GN No. 29 and 30 of 2012;
Government of the Republic of Namibia, 2012). Table 3 below lists the activities that cannot be
undertaken without an Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC), and which are relevant to the
proposed project.
Table 3: Listed activities being applied for
Listed activity Expected activity
Energy Generation, Transmission and Storage
1.(b) The construction of facilities for the transmission and supply of electricity
New powerlines to be constructed to service the proposed site
Mining and Quarrying Activities
3.3 Resource extraction, manipulation, conservation and related activities.
Processing of input materials on the plant site to develop end products
Water resources development
8.6 Construction of industrial and domestic wastewater treatment plants and related pipeline systems
Development of a sewer pump scheme and line from the proposed site to the nearby oxidation ponds
Infrastructure
9.1 The manufacturing, storage, handling or processing of a hazardous substance defined in the Hazardous Substances Ordinance, 1974.
Utilisation, storage and production of hydrochloric acid
Infrastructure
10.1(a) The construction of oil, water, gas,
petrochemical and other bulk supply pipelines.
New water pipeline to provide the proposed site
with water
10.1(b) The construction of public roads. Development of a new access road to the
proposed site
Knight Piésold submitted an online application to the MET on 13 September 2019, and received the
confirmation presented in Figure 2 below, which advised that an EIA/EMP process need be undertaken.
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Figure 2: Verification received from MET
This EIA also recognises that the project is proposed within the context of numerous other legislations,
policies and international agreements. Such potentially relevant legislation is listed below. This
information has been compiled by Dr Lima Maartens based on her experience as a lead environmental
practitioner in Namibia.
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Table 4: Other potentially relevant legislation (Dr Lima Maartens)
National Law
Acts of Parliament, Regulations, Ordinances, Proclamations
The Constitution of the Republic of Namibia 1990
Employees’ Compensation Act 30 of 1941 (and General Regulations 1961) (Amendment Act 5 of 1995, that came into force on 1 March 1995, amends the Act substantially and changes its name from the Workmen’s Compensation Act to the Employees’ Compensation Act)
Water Act 54 of 1956 (as made applicable in Namibia)
Soil Conservation Act 76 of 1969 (as amended; Section 13 is amended by the Forest Act 12 of 2001) (and the Regulations 1973))
General Health Regulations (Government Notice 121 of 14 October 1969 as amended)
Hazardous Substance Ordinance 14 of 1974 (and the General Regulations 1979)
Nature Conservation Ordinance 4 of 1975 (and the Regulations Relating to Nature Conservation 1976 and the Amendment of Regulations 2010)
Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Ordinance 11 of 1976 (and the Regulations concerning the Form of an Application for a Registration Certificate or Provisional Registration Certificate and the Form of the Registration Certificate and Provisional Registration Certificate 1976)
Regional Councils Act 22 of 1992 (and Amendment Acts 17 of 1997, 30 of 2000, 12 of 2002, 12 of 2010 and the Second Regional Councils Amendment Act 16 of 2010)
Local Authorities Act 23 of 1992 (and Local Authorities Amendment Act 3 of 1997 and Second Amendment Act 14 of 1997, and the Local Authorities Amendment Acts 24 of 2000, 17 of 2002, 14 of 2004, and 2 of 2009) (and the Model Water Supply Regulations 1996, the Model Sewerage and Drainage Regulations 1996, and the Model Electricity Supply Regulations 1996)
Social Security Act 34 of 1994 (as amended by the State-owned Enterprises Governance Act 2 of 2006 and the Labour Act 11 of 2007 (and the General Regulations 1995))
Nature Conservation Amendment Act 5 of 1996
Affirmative Action (Employment) Act 29 of 1998 (as amended by Act 6 of 2007 and the Labour Act 11 of 2007) (and the General Regulations 1999)
Roads Authority Act 17 of 1999 (and the Roads Authority Amendment Act 20 of 2004)
National Heritage Act 27 of 2004 (as amended by the State-owned Enterprises Governance Act 2 of 2006) (and the National Heritage Regulations 2005)
Environmental Management Act 7 of 2007 (and the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations 2012)
Labour Act 11 of 2007 (and the Labour Amendment Act 2 of 2012) (and the Regulations relating to the Health and Safety of Employees at Work 1997; and Labour General Regulations 2008)
Plant Quarantine Act 7 of 2008
Disaster Risk Management Act 10 of 2012 (and the Disaster Risk Management Regulations 2013)
Water Resources Management Act 11 of 2013 (promulgated, but not yet implemented)
Public and Environmental Health Act 1 of 2015 (promulgated, but not yet implemented)
Policies, Guidelines, National Strategies & Action Plans
Policies
Conservation of Biotic Diversity and Habitat Protection 1994
Namibia: National Code on HIV/AIDS in Employment 2000
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National Policy on HIV/AIDS 2007
National Policy on Human-Wildlife Conflict Management 2009
National Gender Policy 2010 - 2020
National Health Policy Framework 2010-2020 - “towards quality health and social welfare services”
National Policy on Climate Change for Namibia 2011
Guidelines
Draft Water Quality Guidelines and Standards for Potable Water, as well as Water Quality Standards for Effluent 2008
Petroleum Products Regulations, 2000 Guidelines for Consumer Installations
National Strategies & Action Plans
Namibia’s Green Plan 1992
Vision 2030 2004
Namibia’s 5th National Development Plan (NDP5) – Working together towards prosperity (2017/18 – 2021/22)
International Law
African Union (AU)
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1981
Revised (Algiers) Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 2003
United Nations (UN) / International Conventions
International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) 1951 (as last amended in 1997)
Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment 1972
Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer 1985 and Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer 1987; Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Adopted at the Fourth Meeting of the Parties at Copenhagen on 25 November 1992; Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Adopted by the Ninth Meeting of the Parties at Montreal on 17 September 1997; and Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Beijing, 3 December 1999
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 1992
United Nations (UN) Framework Convention on Climate Change 1992; Kyoto Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change 1997; Paris Agreement (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) 2016
Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage 2003
Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions 2005
International Best Practice
International Finance Corporation (IFC) Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines 2007
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5.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The information provided within this chapter was obtained from the Calculus Chloralkali Plant:
Prefeasibility Study (Calculus Industries (Pty) Ltd, 2019) and the Design and Cost Estimate Report:
Proposed Chlor-Alkali Plant in Arandis, Erongo Region (Ambo Consulting Engineers (Pty) Ltd, 2019)
reports.
5.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW
The proposed project will entail the construction of a new chloralkali plant within the Arandis Town
municipality, and associated infrastructure required to service the plant (road, water, sewage and
electrical lines). The site layout will be that of a standard chloralkali plant, comprised of several chemical
storage areas, processing areas, offices and parking (Annexure C). Access to the plant will be provided
by a new road, to be constructed as part of the ancillary infrastructure leading off from Aloe Road.
5.2 PROJECT PROGRAMME AND ACTIVITIES
Upon completion of the bankable feasibility studies and once the financial closure is determined, it is
anticipated that the plant will be delivered within a 22-24-month period. The proposed project schedule
for the proposed chloralkali plant is described in Table 5 below:
Table 5: Proposed Project Schedule (Calculus Industries (Pty) Ltd, 2019)
Task Expected Duration
Estimated Start Estimated Finish
Design and construction
of chloralkali plant
1120 days 1 December 2017 17 March 2022
Concept studies 6 months 1 December 2017 17 May 2018
Prefeasibility studies 12 months 18 May 2018 18 April 2019
Feasibility studies 6 months 02 April 2019 12 December 2019
Basic engineering 5 months 20 March 2020 17 July 2020
Detailed engineering 10.5 months 20 July 2020 07 May 2021
Procurement 330 days 20 July 2020 21 October 2021
Construction 285 days 29 October 2020 01 December 2021
Pre-commissioning 55 days 02 December 2021 16 February 2022
Commissioning and start-
up
10 days 17 February 2022 02 March 2022
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5.3 PROJECT DESIGN
5.3.1 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
The construction phase is anticipated to take approximately 13 months, from July 2020 to August 2021.
The construction activities will entail the building of the plant and associated ancillary infrastructure on the
site utilising local Namibian construction contractors (Calculus Industries (Pty) Ltd, 2019).
The initial phase of the project will entail providing bulk services to the site, as the site is currently un-
serviced. This will involve providing the site with infrastructural services such as water, electricity, sewer
and road infrastructure. In addition to the service infrastructure, this phase will also include the
construction of the plant offices (Ambo Consulting Engineers, 2019).
Water infrastructure: A new water line will be constructed to service the site. The proposed water line will
be connected to the Arandis town’s water network, which will provide domestic water to service the site.
Road infrastructure: A new road will be required for servicing the site, and it is proposed that the new
road be constructed in accordance with the Roads Authority Typical Drawing No. N2635 (Ambo
Consulting Engineers, 2019). The new road will be designed to carry large load transporting vehicles to
and from the site. Further details on the additional road are available in Section 5.4.
Sewer infrastructure: Following consultations with the Arandis Town Council, a new sewer reticulation
system will be developed, comprising of a sewer pump station with a rising main consisting of 160 mm
uPVC piping to pump sewerage from the site to the existing screening pit located within the town of
Arandis. This will allow for the treated wastewater to be used for irrigation purposes.
Electrical infrastructure: Electricity will be supplied from the nearby Erongo RED 22 kilovolt substation,
which will be connected to the proposed site through a new electrical line.
Containerized offices and ablution facilities will be provided for the construction workers. No housing for
workers will be provided.
5.3.2 OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES
The operational process, highlighting chemical inputs and outputs is simplified and provided in Figure 3,
and further discussed in sections 5.3.2.1, 5.3.2.2 and 5.3.2.3 below.
5.3.2.1 PROCESS INPUTS
The primary inputs into the production process include the following (Calculus Industries (Pty) Ltd, 2019):
Chemical Grade Salt:
Chemical grade salt serves as the primary raw material for the chloralkali process and is required at an
input amount of 26 400 metric tonnes per annum (mtpa). The input salt will be obtained from a solar salt
mine at Cape Cross and transported 180 km to site via road. The salt will be offloaded on site and stored
on a salt storage patio with a storage capacity of 2 000 metric tonnes.
Industrial Grade Calcium Carbonate:
Calcium carbonate serves as the primary input for the production of both calcium chloride and carbon
dioxide. Industrial grade calcium carbonate will be sourced from the SwaCa quarry mine located outside
of Swakopmund. An estimated total of 18 000 tonnes will be required per annum, which will be
transported by road and a minimum of 2 000 tonnes will be stored on site.
Water:
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Water will be supplied by means of the new water line and will be obtained from the Arandis Town’s
water network. The new waterline will tie into the 160 mm dead end line at the end of Aloe Road. A
nominal flowrate of 38 m3/hour is required for plant operations. Water will be utilised for a variety of
purposes, such as operational purposes (demineralised water, chilled water, cooling water) as well as
firefighting, ablution facilities and drinking purposes.
Electricity:
It is anticipated that the plant will operate 24 hours a day, for 350 days per annum and will require a
maximum of 10 megavolt amperes (MVA). The electrical supply will be supplied from the nearby Erongo
Red substation located within the town of Arandis.
Other Chemical Inputs:
Additional process input chemicals and materials which will be required in smaller quantities will be
imported from China and India via the Walvis Bay port. A dedicated inhouse truck will be used to
transport the supplies from the port to the proposed site. These include:
• Active carbon
• Barium carbonate
• Caustic soda (for commissioning)
• Chelating resins
• Ethanol amine
• Flocculant
• Hydrogen peroxide
• Sodium carbonate
• Sulphuric acid.
5.3.2.2 PRODUCTION PROCESS
The production process for the proposed plant can be simplified as per Figure 3 below. The processes
will utilise input chemicals, as well as chemicals produced on site to create the final products for sale. A
detailed process can be found within the technical extract provided as Annexure D.
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Figure 3: Simplified production process anticipated for the proposed Chloralkali plant
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5.3.2.3 PRODUCTION OUTPUTS
The primary production outputs for market purposes are:
• Caustic soda (Lye)
• Caustic soda (Solid Flakes)
• Chlorine liquid
• Calcium chloride granules
• Liquified carbon dioxide (Calculus Industries (Pty) Ltd, 2019).
5.3.3 DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES
The proposed chloralkali plant will be skid mounted, which will allow for the facility to be dismantled and
shipped to another site once the end of life of the facility has been reached. At that point, the facility will
undergo decontamination in an effort to remove any remaining chemical residues within the process
facilities on site. If the local community do not wish to keep the infrastructure developed on the site, such
as roads, pipelines, and electrical lines once the project comes to an end, these will be dismantled, while
the water pipelines will be sealed off with dead ends for future potential tie ins. Once all infrastructure
has been dismantled, all potential resources will be salvaged for resale, while non-salvageable waste
produced will be transported to relevant waste disposal facilities. The surface terrain will be leveled off,
and rehabilitation of the land will commence. A rehabilitation specialist will be consulted at the
decommission stage of the project.
5.4 ANCILLIARY INFRASTRUCTURE
An additional road will be required to access the proposed site and will be designed for large vehicles
transporting materials to and from the site. The proposed new road will connect with Aloe Road in
Arandis and lead directly to the site. The road will be comprised of the following:
• Base course material: G4 natural gravels
• Road sub-surface material: G5 natural gravels
• Selected layers: G7 Natural gravels.
The road design will conform to the Roads Authority Typical Drawing No. N2635, as well as the Annual
Average Daily Equivalent Vehicle Units expected travelling on the new road for the first year of the design
life (Ambo Consulting Engineers, 2019).
The pavement will be designed to conform with the Structural Design on Interurban and Rural Road
Pavements, with light vehicle influence ignored due to negligible damage on the pavement. Heavy
vehicle traffic volumes will be determined and used for the pavement design.
5.5 WASTE MANAGEMENT
5.5.1 SOLID WASTE
The sludge produced by the proposed chloralkali plant will go be sent to a licenced waste disposal site.
quantity of the sludge produced by the plant is anticipated to be approximately 2.5 tons per week.
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General waste will be sent to the landfill that is just 700 m away from proposed site.
Suitable waste storage and separation facilities which are fully enclosed and inaccessible by any wildlife
will be provided on site. Storage Containers will have proper lids to prevent wind dispersal of waste.
5.5.2 Gaseous Particulate Emissions
Gaseous emissions will be prohibited by all feasible and practical means, and the plant will be designed
to include emergency vents for the safe release of carbon dioxide, chlorine, hydrogen and hydrogen
chloride gasses.
The carbon dioxide produced will be captured, concentrated and liquified during the production process
to produce liquified carbon dioxide for sale. All the hydrogen and chlorine gas generated will be required
and utilised for the production of the hydrochloric acid required for calcium chloride production. The
chlorine gas will be vented into an emergency chlorine tower containing caustic soda, wherein a 12 %
sodium hypochlorite solution will be produced, and sold off as bleach. The maximum emergency venting
rate for the other gasses will be 100Nm3/hour at concentrations of 15 mg/m3 (Sipunga, 2019).
5.5.3 LIQUID EFFLUENT
Liquid effluent will be generated both during construction and operation phases of the project.
Operational phase liquid effluent originating from the chelating resin towers, cooling towers, brine purge
and carbon filter backwashing will require offsite disposal.
Liquid effluent will be diverted to wastewater drains and transferred to the wastewater treatment section
of the plant. The liquid effluent is expected to consist of an amalgamation of chlorates, chlorides, sulfates
and trace elements from the limestone and salt sources, such as Aluminium, Iron, Nickel and Zinc. The
post-treatment flow rate is expected to be 3 m3/hour and will be discharged into the municipal sewer
network.
5.6 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES
5.6.1 NO-PROJECT
If the project does not proceed, the potential economic benefits of the project will not be realised. In this
event, the additional potential jobs will not be created, nor will the financial and infrastructural investment
in the town come to fruition. The potential supply of industrial chemicals to the mining, production, oil and
minerals industries will require importation instead of local production, therefore not returning investment
within the Namibian and SADC economies.
On the other hand, the potential negative environmental impacts as described in Section 8.0 will not
occur.
5.6.2 SITE ALTERNATIVES
An alternative site located within Walvis bay was identified by Calculus Commodities. To use the
alternative site would have lowered transportation costs of materials brought in from the harbour.
However, the site was deemed non-feasible due to the cost of land as well as the regulatory constraints
associated with the alternative site being located within Namib-Naukluft national park.
5.6.3 PROCESS ALTERNATIVES
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An alternative to the membrane cell used during the electrolysis process was identified by Calculus
Commodities. The alternative method involved the use of a mercury cell for the electrolysis, which would
utilise liquid mercury as the cathode for the reaction. This would yield a 50 % caustic soda solution,
greater than the 32 % caustic soda solution yielded by the membrane cell, however, the use of mercury
cells is being phased out due to the potential toxicity of the use of mercury.
5.6.4 WATER SUPPLY ALTERNATIVE
It was proposed that the new water line be connected to the NamWater bulk line which supplies Husab
Mine. The bulk line is located south of the B2 Trunk Road, requiring the new line to cross the road, which
could be achieved through running the new line underneath the national road by means of horizontal
drilling. This however was considered non-feasible and more expensive, therefore the preferred option of
running a water supply line in parallel with the new road was selected.
5.6.5 ELECTRICAL SUPPLY ALTERNATIVE:
An alternative electrical supply was considered, whereby a supply line would have run northwards to the
nearby 220 kV NamPower electrical line. However, the use of a line directly to the Erongo RED Arandis
substation was preferred, due to the financial costs for the voltage step-down from 220 kV to 11 kV.
5.6.6 SEWAGE LINE ALTERNATIVE:
An alternative sewage line was considered, whereby the site would be connected to a manhole leading to
the nearby oxidation ponds. Consultation between the project proponent and the Arandis Town Council
found this to be less favourable, as the town council would prefer to re-use the wastewater for irrigation
purposes. Furthermore, the necessity for the additional construction works route would have required
additional costs, whereas the favoured route leading to the connection point will be more feasible.
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6.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENT
6.1 TOPOGRAPHY & DRAINAGE
The proposed project is located to the west of the town of Arandis, in an area of relatively flat topography
within the Namib Desert biome. The site visit conducted on the 3rd of September 2019 confirmed the
proposed location for the site to be flat, with small koppies observed northwest of the site. An aerial view
of the site reveals the presence of drainage channels draining in a westerly direction across the proposed
project site.
Figure 4: Landscape of the proposed project site
6.2 GEOLOGY
The town of Arandis is situated within the Namib Desert, which falls within the southern Central Zone of
the Neo-Proterozoic Damara Orogenic Belt (Speiser, 2012). The characteristic feature of the zone is the
basement zone structures, which elongates in a northeastern direction and possesses numerous post-
tectonic granite plutons. A series of regional scale antiforms and synforms which trend in a northeast
direction, dominate the project area. The Damara Sequence is dominated by the Swakop and Nossib
groups, with the Swakop group being the dominant type within the area of the project. The Chuos and
Karibib formations of the Swakop group, creating a composition of mixtite and pebbly quartzite as well as
marble and quartz-biotite schist (Speiser, 2012).
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6.3 SOILS
The soils occurring around the town of Arandis are considered sensitive to both wind and water erosion.
The soils are characterised by shallow to moderately deep (400 – 600 mm) silty sands, with or without
the calcrete “C” horizon and/or surface crusting (Speiser, 2012). They are generally single grained to
apedal in structure, with association to distinctive individual tufts of grass cover.
6.4 CLIMATE
The town of Arandis is located within a desert climate, whereby the town experiences warm days
followed by cooler nights, with low ambient humidity. The town is situated approximately 55 km from the
coast and is therefore influenced by both the desert as well as the coast. The town experiences an
average annual temperature of 19°C, with temperatures tending to peak in March at around 21.8°C
(Climate-Data.Org, 2019). Low rainfall is experienced within the region, with an annual rainfall of 44 mm.
Rainfall occurs predominantly over the summer months, with the peak monthly rainfall of 15 mm
occurring in March (Climate-Data.Org, 2019).
6.5 LAND USE
The project will be located to the west of the town of Arandis, in an area demarcated specifically for the
proposed chloralkali plant by the Arandis Town Council. The Arandis Town Council rezoned the
proposed land to industrial, under resolution No: 13.7 as per the letter dated 22 November 2018
(Annexure E). The allocated portion of land is highlighted in the Arandis zoning map (Annexure A).
Nearby infrastructure to the proposed site include:
• Solar Plant – southwest of proposed location
• Cemetery – south-southwest of proposed location
• Arandis Soccer Stadium – located southwest of the proposed site location
• NamPower Power Lines – north of proposed location
• Unnamed access road – potential extension of the Aloe Road, which will be extended to the site
• NamWater bulk supply line – located south of the site alongside the B2 Trunk Road
6.6 BIODIVERSITY
The proposed site is located within the Namib Desert ecoregion, which extends along the western coast
of Namibia, and inland towards Namib Escarpment. The ecoregion can be further subdivided into the
Southern Namib and the Central Namib, in which the proposed site location falls. The Central Namib
extends from the Kuiseb river to the Uniab river, both of which are ephemeral rivers which are normally
dry (Spriggs, 2019). The Namib Desert is considered the oldest desert on Earth, with an arid climate that
has resulted in a unique biodiversity comprising of numerous desert adaptations and high levels of
endemism. The proposed site yielded minimal faunal presence during the site visit, with an established,
yet sparse and scattered floral community present comprised predominantly of small shrubs and desert
grasses (Spriggs, 2019).
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6.6.1 FLORA
Within the Central Namib ecoregion exists distinct vegetative areas. A narrow vegetation strip of
approximately 200 m wide runs along the coastline north of the Swakop River. Inland of the strip exist
vast gravel plains which are predominantly barren of flora except for lichens. Further inland, towards the
extreme east of the Central Namib, the gravel plains become increasingly vegetated with annuals,
predominantly with members of the Stipagrostis genus and scattered shrub individuals of Moringa
ovalifolia and Euphorbia virosa (Spriggs, 2019).
The most notable plant to occur within the Central Namib ecoregion is Welwitschia mirabilis. The plants
possess two fibrous leaves which persist throughout the entire life of the plant and are considered the
longest-lived leaves of the plant kingdom. These plants are often found in broad, flat channels on gravel
plains and scattered more than 20 m apart, with a distribution ranging from the Kuiseb river to the
Namibe in southern Angola (Spriggs, 2019).
The proposed site has a sparse, scattered floral community established, as presented in Figure 5 below.
Figure 5: Photograph of floral community present on the site
6.6.2 FAUNA
Reptiles have high species richness and endemism within the Namib Desert, as they have evolved
adaptations to survive in this harsh environment more efficiently than most birds and large mammals that
may occur within the biome. Approximately 70 reptile species occur within the ecoregion, including
several endemic reptiles including the two desert lizards, the wedge-snouted sand lizard (Meroles
cuneirostris) and the small-scaled sand lizard (M. micropholidotus), the barking gecko (Ptenopus kochi)
and the day gecko (Rhoptropus bradfieldi) (Spriggs, 2019).
The Namib Desert is home to a large number of small rodent species that occur among the rocky habitats
in the western deserts, in the sand dunes and in the vegetation of the gravel plains. The larger ungulates
found in the Namib Desert include gemsbok (Oryx gazella) (most widespread ungulates in the desert
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habitat), springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) and Hartmann’s zebra (Equus zebra hartmannae).
Klipspringers (Oreotragus oreotragus), steenboks (Raphicerus campestris), baboons and leopards occur
along the courses of the Kuiseb and Swakop Rivers. The predators of the Namib Desert include
cheetahs, brown hyenas, spotted hyenas, Cape foxes and bat-eared foxes (Spriggs, 2019).
The desert does not have a very high level of avian richness, with the most prominent bird found in the
desert is the ostrich (Struthio camelus). Six birds are considered endemic to the Namib Desert, namely,
the dune lark (Certhilauda erythrochalamys), Benguela long-billed lark (C. benguelensis), Gray’s lark
(Ammomanes grayi), bank cormorant (Phalacrocorax neglectus), tractrac chat (Cercomela tractrac), and
Rüppell’s korhaan (Eupodotis rueppellii) (Spriggs, 2019). A summary of animal species which may
potentially occur within the vicinity of the project area is provided in Table 6 below. However, during the
site visit, a single lizard was observed, and a single pile of animal scat was noted, indicating that the
faunal presence at the proposed site is rather low.
Table 6: Table of Fauna Expected to occur within the vicinity of the Project Area (Speiser, 2012)
Common Name Scientific Name
Avifauna
Dikkop Burhinum xapensis
Ostrich Struthio camelus
Benguela long-billed lark Certhilauda benguelensis
Dune Lark Certhilauda erythrochalamys
Gray’s lark Ammomanes grayi
Bank Cormorant Phalacrocorax neglectus
Rock Kestrel Falco tinnunculus
Rϋppel’s Korhaan Eupodotis rueppellii
Tractrac Chat Cercomela tractrac
Mammals
Eyptian free-tailed bat Tadarida aegyptiaca
Egyptian slit-faced bat Nycteris thebaica
Long-tailed serotine Eptesicus hottentotus
Dassie rat Petromus tpyicus
Cape hare Lepus capensis
Rock dassie Procavia capensis
Gemsbok Oryx gazella
Hartmann’s zebra Equus zebra hartmannae
Springbok Antidorcas marsupialis
Klipspringer Oreotragus oreotragus
Aardwolf Proteles cristatus
Black-backed jackal Canis mesomelas
Brown hyaena Hyaena brunnea
Reptiles
Barking gecko Ptenopus species
Bradfield’s Namib day gecko Rhoptropus bradfieldi
Shovel-snouted lizard Meroles anchietae
Waterberg sand lizard Pedioplanis rubens
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Common Name Scientific Name
Hoeschi skink Mabuya hoesci
Husab sand lizard Pedioplanis husabensis
6.7 AIR QUALITY
No ambient air quality data exists for the proposed site, however specialist surveys have been
undertaken within the municipality and surrounding areas. Nearby contributions to gaseous emissions
and dust fallout include the generation of fugitive dust fallout associated with mining activities such as
blasting and drilling at the nearby open pit of Rössing Mine (Speiser, 2012). Gaseous emissions of CO2,
SO2, NOx, hydrocarbons as well as fine particulates associated with vehicular movements along the B2
trunk road as well as within the town of Arandis contribute to the ambient air quality around the project
site (Speiser, 2012). Releases from the proposed Arandis Thermal Power Generation and Waste Oil
Recycling plants, should they be approved, would further contribute to the deterioration of the air quality
of the town and proposed chloralkali plant site.
6.8 NOISE
The receptors of noise are the local townspeople of Arandis and tourists visiting the town, with an
increased receptor sensitivity anticipated at night when ambient noise levels are low. Several sources of
noise exist within the vicinity of the proposed site, which include:
• Natural noise generated from both animals and wind
• Noise generated from daily activities within the town
• Vehicle movements within the town and along the B2 Trunk Road.
6.9 WATER QUALITY/SOURCES
6.9.1 SURFACE WATER
Due to the desert nature of the region, the rivers within proximity to the project area are generally dry,
with surface water flow provided as a result of storm water entering from upland within the catchment
areas. The major rivers within the vicinity of the project are the Khan river, approximately 14 km from the
site and Swakop river, approximately 30 km from the site, both of which are ephemeral in nature and
westward flowing (Speiser, 2012).
6.9.2 GROUNDWATER
Groundwater within the area of the Erongo Region is comprised of three different aquifer systems, being:
• Saturated alluvium associated with major rivers
• Saturated alluvium associated with the plains
• Fractured/weathered bedrock aquifers.
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The geology of the vicinity of the project area categorises two main aquifer types, being the fractured
bedrock and the saturated alluvium associated with a major river, namely the Khan river. The bedrock
aquifer is considered to have low storage potential, with potential for increased localised storage within
faults and fractures (Speiser, 2012). The alluvial aquifer associated with the Khan River provides
moderate storage potential and provides water which is considered saline in nature in the vicinity of
Arandis. Water from the aquifer is considered unsuitable for human consumption and is utilised by
Rössing Mine for dust suppression (Speiser, 2012).
6.10 SOCIO-ECONOMIC
6.10.1 ERONGO REGION
The Erongo region hosts a population of 182 402 people based on the 2016 national census (Namibia
Statistics Agency, 2017). The population distribution within the region indicates a favour towards urban
areas, with 92 % of the population residing within urban areas, and a density of 2.9 people per km2
across the region. The region has a crude birth rate of 22.5 per 1000 population and a crude death rate
of 9.9 per 1000 population.
The report (Namibia Statistics Agency, 2017) further indicates that the majority (62 %) of households are
headed by males, whilst female headed households constitute 38 % of surveyed households. The
average size of households within the Erongo region is 3.1 people per household, with the predominant
source of income from salaries and wages (78 %). A total of 98 % of households have safe water, while
76 % receive electricity.
6.10.2 ARANDIS TOWN
The town of Arandis was established in 1976 by the Rössing Uranium Mine, primarily to house the
workers’ community and families. The towns initial infrastructure was provided by Rössing, including the
construction of a hospital, sport facilities, recreational facilities and schools within the town. The
developments resulted in an influx of family members of Rössing employees into the town (Hoadley,
2009). In 1994, Arandis was proclaimed as an independent town, with an elected local authority, the
Arandis Town Council, which took over the management and provision of municipal services from
Rössing. The Arandis Town Council relies on the collection of rates and sewage charges primarily for
revenue, whilst electricity is provided by the Erongo Regional Electricity Distributor (Hoadley, 2009).
Further economic opportunities within the mining sector were established with the development of the
Husab and Trekkopje mines, and the extension of the Rössing Uranium mine. The Arandis Town Council
contracted Stubenrauch Planning Consultant to develop a town-planning scheme which illustrates
various land use areas for further development of the town, including a solar plant, residential and
industrial expansions, and, the proposed Chloralkali plant, as presented in Annexure A.
6.11 HERITAGE
Dr. John Kinahan was appointed to conduct a heritage specialist study of the area for the proposed new
chloralkali plant. The sections below are taken from Dr. Kinahan’s report (Kinahan, 2019), Annexure F.
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6.11.1 DESKTOP ASSESSMENT:
The modern settlement of Arandis is situated approximately 54 km northeast of Swakopmund, on the
central western plains of the Namib Desert. The Arandis area receives between 50 and 100 mm annual
precipitation, with a degree of variation approaching 90 %.
Despite its extreme aridity, there is archaeological evidence for the human occupation of the Namib
Desert throughout much of the last one million years, including periods of intense human activity and
periods in which the desert environment was inimical to human occupation. Detailed archaeological
surveys have been carried out over large parts of the Namib Desert during the last few decades and in
many areas, providing a firm basis for the estimation of likely impacts resulting from industrial and
infrastructural developments.
The earliest evidence of human occupation in the Arandis area occurs in the form of isolated Early Stone
Age (ESA) artefacts dating to approximately half a million years which are found on gravel outwash
surfaces rather than in their original context. More dense concentrations of Middle Stone Age (MSA)
artefacts dating to within the last 200 000 years which occur mainly as surface finds but their context,
such as quarrying sites and tool fabrication sites, provide valuable evidence of early modern Homo
sapiens behaviour in the desert environment.
A major MSA site in the Arandis area is located at Panner Gorge where detailed evidence of quarrying
activity is associated with a large outcrop of chert. This particular material, which has superior flaking
properties, was in high demand over the last 100 000 years and chert from Panner Gorge was distributed
over a radius of almost 100 km in the Namib Desert, thus including the location of the proposed new
chloralkali plant. The distribution of chert artefacts and waste material allows for detailed mapping of
hunting activities and settlement of early modern Homo sapiens.
A second component of the local archaeological sequence that is of particular importance is evidence
from within the last one thousand years, of systematic human exploitation of wild grass seeds. This
activity, which is associated with the acquisition of pottery and a range of important social changes, was
the foundation of human food security in the desert and enabled a significant growth in population.
Evidence of wild grass seed exploitation is widespread mainly along the eastern edges of the Namib
Desert and thus also near Arandis.
Finally, the Arandis area was an important theatre of conflict during the 1915 South African invasion
which has left a uniquely well preserved archaeological record. The capture of the railway line via
Arandis by Col. Skinner involved large numbers of South African and British troops who encamped along
the railway line and established a communication network based on a series of heliograph signaling
stations. Several important sites relating to this campaign have been documented in the Arandis area.
Figure 6 below illustrates the distribution of archaeological documented during in previous studies in the
Arandis area.
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Figure 6: Archaeological sites in the vicinity of Arandis, Erongo Region, shown as black dots
(data from Namib Desert Archaeological Survey), in relation to the Arandis town limits and the
footprint area of the proposed Arandis Chloralkali Plant and its related
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6.11.2 FIELD SURVEY:
The footprint area of the proposed chloralkali plant and its related linear infrastructure corridors were
examined on foot by means of parallel transects. The archaeological site locations were recorded by
hand-held GPS and the visible surface remains were described according to commonly used criteria. The
ground surface of the survey area has almost no vegetation cover and the visibility of archaeological
materials was therefore relatively high. The area covered by the survey showed a noticeable degree of
legacy disturbance which is probably attributable to the proximity of Arandis. Disturbances included a
high density of vehicle tracks (ranging between 10 and 70 % of surface), refuse dumps and excavations
for building sand.
Within the footprint area of the proposed chloralkali plant, three examples of mid-Pleistocene stone
artefacts were found on the surface. These are illustrated in Figure 7, with the upper piece being a
bifacial handaxe, the middle piece a unifacial cleaver, and the lower piece being a polyhedral core
fragment. The artefacts all indicated advanced surface abrasion possibly due to sand-blasting, such that
the evidence of their manufacture was to some degree obscured. The finds appear to have moved over
the surface as a result of sheetwash and are therefore of negligible research value.
Figure 7: Mid-Pleistocene stone artefacts from the footprint area of the proposed Arandis
Chloralkali Plant (scale 1:5), dorsal view on left with obverse on right.
Figure 8 presents the distribution of archaeological sites in relation to the proposed chloralkali plant. The
infrastructure corridor approaching the footprint site from the east and southeast yielded no
archaeological remains. This area which is closest to the edge of the town also yielded the highest
density of disturbances. A short western corridor was described as a proposed sewerage line, similarly
yielded no archaeological remains. The final version of the water supply pipeline was provided as a
sketch when fieldwork had already commenced; the sketch could not be projected as a spatial file and so
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was used for general orientation to carry out a foot survey of the area concerned. No archaeological
remains were found in the area covered.
Figure 8: The layout of the proposed Arandis Chloralkali Plant and its related linear infrastructure
corridors, indicating the distribution of archaeological sites located during the field survey.
A general reconnaissance of the western outskirts of Arandis yielded a number of isolated finds that are
consistent with the results of previous surveys undertaken in the surrounding area. These finds included
a single MSA flake tool of yellow chert such as is found at Panner Gorge about 10 km to the south. The
vicinity of the dolerite ridge to the south of the proposed chloralkali plant also revealed a number of sites
related to wild grass seed exploitation in the last one thousand years. These sites consist of small areas
of disturbed ground approximately 2-3 m in diameter and usually on weathered granite. The disturbed
ground indicates areas where the underground nests of harvester ants were excavated to remove stored
caches of grass seed. Usually such excavations occur in groups (as here) and are also associated with
large hammer stones brought from neighbouring outcrops to break open the weather granite. These
sites are extremely common in the Namib Desert and are of high research value when they occur as
integrated local settlement patterns (unlike here). The Arandis sites are therefore of negligible research
value.
Prior to the survey described here, earlier work in the Arandis area contributed to a cumulative record of
archaeological settlement and occupation over the last half a million years. The high density of
archaeological sites in this area, and the fact that several of them have yielded important new evidence,
means that direct field surveys are advisable where developments are proposed on ground that has not
been surveyed before. In the present case, the field survey of the proposed new chloralkali plant and its
related linear infrastructure corridors did not yield any sites of high research value, although the sites
located in the course of the field survey generally confirm the results of previous surveys.
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7.0 PUBLIC CONSULTATION
A public participation process was undertaken in accordance with regulation 21 of the EIA Regulations
(GN No. 30 of 2012). Relevant proof is contained in Annexure G.
7.1 METHODOLOGY
7.1.1 NOTIFICATION
The project notification comprised of the following actions:
• A notice board was fixed on site on the 3rd September 2019
• Notifications were placed on noticeboards within Arandis on the 3rd September 2019
• Advertisements were placed within both The Republikein and The Namibian newspapers once a
week for two consecutive weeks, published on the 16th and 24th October 2019
• Pre-identified and registered Interested and Affected Parties (I&APs) were emailed copies of the
Background Information Document (BID) on 21 October 2019.
7.1.2 MEDIA COVERAGE
Advertisements were placed in both The Namibian and The Republikein newspapers for two weeks, with
the adverts published on the 16th and 24th October 2019 to inform the public of the application. Refer to
Annexure G for photographs of the adverts.
7.1.3 REVIEW PERIOD
The Draft EIA Report was made available for public review from the 20th November – 4th December 2019.
It was placed on the Knight Piésold website and registered I&APs were notified of the availability by
means of e-mail. I&APs were also notified on 5 December 2019 that the commenting period was closed.
7.1.4 INTERESTED AND AFFECTED PARTIES
Refer to Annexure G for the complete database of Interested and Affected Parties.
7.2 COMMENTS AND RESPONSES
Following the public review period, no technical comments were received. Refer to Annexure G for
comments received and responses provided.
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8.0 IMPACT ASSESSMENT
8.1 DEFINING THE NATURE OF THE IMPACT
An impact is essentially any change to a resource or receptor brought about by the presence of the
proposed project component or by the execution of a proposed project related activity. The terminology
used to define the nature of an impact is detailed in Table 7 below.
Table 7: Impact Nature
Term Definition
Positive (+) An impact that is considered to represent an improvement on the baseline or introduces a positive change.
Negative (-) An impact that is considered to represent an adverse change from the baseline or introduces a new undesirable factor.
Direct impact (D) Impacts that result from a direct interaction between a planned project activity and the receiving environment/receptors (e.g. between occupation of a site and the pre-existing habitats or between an effluent discharge and receiving water quality).
Indirect impact (I) Impacts that result from other activities that are encouraged to happen as a consequence of the project (e.g. in-migration for employment placing a demand on resources).
Cumulative impact (C)
Impacts that act together with other impacts (including those from concurrent or planned future third-party activities) to affect the same resources and/or receptors as the Project.
Residual impact Those impacts that remain following the implementation of the mitigation measures proposed.
8.1.1 ASSESSING SIGNIFICANCE
The Knight Piésold impact significance rating system is based on the following equation:
Significance of Environmental / Social Impact = Consequence x Probability
The consequence of an impact can be derived from the following factors:
• Severity / Magnitude – the degree of change brought about in the environment;
• Reversibility - the ability of the receptor to recover after an impact has occurred;
• Duration - how long the impact may be prevalent; and
• Spatial Extent - the physical area which could be affected by an impact.
The severity, reversibility, duration, and spatial extent are ranked using the criteria indicated in Table 8
and then the overall consequence is determined by adding up the individual scores and multiplying it by
the overall probability (the likelihood of such an impact occurring). Once a score has been determined,
this is checked against the significance descriptions indicated in Table 9. The impacts identified and
relative significances are presented in Table 10 below.
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Table 8: Ranking Criteria
Severity / magnitude (M) Reversibility (R) Duration (D) Spatial extent (S) Probability (P)
5 – Very high – The impact causes the characteristics of the receiving environment/ social receptor to be altered by a factor of 80 – 100%
5 – Irreversible – Environmental - where natural functions or ecological processes are altered to the extent that it will permanently cease.
Social - Those affected will not be able to adapt to changes and continue to maintain-pre impact livelihoods.
5 – Permanent - Impacts that cause a permanent change in the affected receptor or resource (e.g. removal or destruction of ecological habitat) that endures substantially beyond the Project lifetime.
5 – International - Impacts that affect internationally important resources such as areas protected by international conventions, international waters etc.
5 – Definite - The impact will occur
4 – High – The impact alters the characteristics of the receiving environment/ social receptor by a factor of 60 – 80%
4 – Long term - impacts that will continue for the life of the Project but ceases when the Project stops operating.
4 – National - Impacts that affect nationally important environmental resources or affect an area that is nationally important/ or have macro-economic consequences.
4 – High probability – 80% likelihood that the impact will occur
3 – Moderate – The impact alters the characteristics of the receiving environment/ social receptor by a factor of 40 – 60%
3 – Recoverable Environmental - where the affected environment is altered but natural functions and ecological processes may continue or recover with human input.
Social - Able to adapt with some difficulty and maintain pre-impact livelihoods but only with a degree of support or intervention.
3 – Medium term - Impacts are predicted to be of medium duration (5 – 15 years)
3 – Regional - Impacts that affect regionally important environmental resources or are experienced at a regional scale as determined by administrative boundaries, habitat type/ecosystem.
3 – Medium probability – 60% likelihood that the impact will occur
2 – Low – The impact alters the characteristics of the receiving environment/ social receptor by a factor of 20 – 40%
2 – Short term - Impacts are predicted to be of short duration (0 – 5 years)
2 – Local - Impacts that affect an area in a radius of 2 km around the site.
2 – Low probability - 40% likelihood that the impact will occur
1 – Minor – The impact causes very little change to the characteristics of the receiving environment/ social receptor and the alteration is less than 20%
1 – Reversible
Environmental - The impact affects the environment in such a way that natural functions and ecological processes are able to regenerate naturally.
Social - People/ communities are able to adapt with relative ease and maintain pre-impact livelihoods.
1 – Temporary - Impacts are predicted to intermittent/ occasional over a short period.
1 – Site only - Impacts that are limited to the site boundaries.
1 – Improbable - 20% likelihood that the impact will occur
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Table 9: Significance Definitions
Score According to Impact Assessment Matrix
Significance Definitions
Colour Scale Ratings
Negative Ratings
Positive Ratings
Between 0 and 29 significance points indicate Low Significance
An impact of low significance is one where an effect will be experienced, but the impact magnitude is sufficiently small and well within accepted standards, and/or the receptor is of low sensitivity/value.
Low Low
Between 30 and 59 significance points indicate Moderate Significance
An impact of moderate significance is one within accepted limits and standards. The impact on the receptor will be noticeable and the normal functioning is altered, but the baseline conditions prevail, albeit in a modified state. The emphasis for moderate impacts is on demonstrating that the impact has been reduced to a level that is As Low as Reasonably Practicable (ALARP). This does not necessarily mean that “moderate” impacts have to be reduced to “low” impacts, but that moderate impacts are being managed effectively and efficiently to not exceed accepted standards.
Moderate Moderate
60 to 100 significance points indicate High Significance
An impact of high significance is one where an accepted limit or standard may be exceeded, or large magnitude impacts occur to highly valued/sensitive resource/receptors. An impact with high significance will completely modify the baseline conditions. A goal of the EIA process is to get to a position where the project does not have any high negative residual impacts, certainly not ones that would endure into the long term or extend over a large area. However, for some aspects there may be high residual impacts after all practicable mitigation options have been exhausted (i.e. ALARP has been applied). It is then the function of regulators and stakeholders to weigh such negative factors against the positive factors, such as employment, in coming to a decision on the project.
High High
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Table 10: Impact Significance
Project activity or issue
Potential impact
Nature of impact
Significance before mitigation Significance after mitigation as per EMP
+ / -
D/I/C M R D S P TOTAL SP M R D S P TOTAL SP
Topography & Drainage
Construction of chloralkali plant
Alteration in drainage patterns
- D 1 3 4 1 5 45 M 1 1 4 1 5 35 M
Geology
No impacts expected
Soil
Construction of chloralkali plant
Loss / Disturbance of soil crust
- D 2 3 5 1 2 22 L 2 1 5 1 2 18 L
Construction of new road, water pipeline and sewage pipeline
Disturbance of soil / Loss of topsoil
- D 1 1 5 1 3 24 L 1 1 5 1 2 16 L
Hazardous chemical spills (e.g. fuel, process chemicals, etc.)
Contamination of Soil - D 1 1 1 1 1 4 L 1 1 1 1 1 4 L
Climate
No impacts expected
Land use
No impacts expected
Flora
Construction of chloralkali plant
Loss / Disturbance of flora - D 2 1 3 2 5 40 M 2 1 2 1 5 30 M
Construction of new road
Loss / Disturbance of flora - D 1 1 1 2 5 25 L 1 1 1 2 5 25 L
Operation of chloralkali plant
Loss / Disturbance of flora - D 1 1 1 1 5 20 L 1 1 1 1 5 20 L
Decommissioning Loss / Disturbance of flora - D 1 1 1 1 5 20 L 1 1 1 1 5 20 L
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Project activity or issue
Potential impact
Nature of impact
Significance before mitigation Significance after mitigation as per EMP
+ / -
D/I/C M R D S P TOTAL SP M R D S P TOTAL SP
Hazardous chemical spills (e.g. fuel, process chemicals, etc.)
Plant dieback due to contamination of immediate environment
- I 3 3 4 2 3 36 M 1 3 2 2 2 16 L
Fauna
Construction of chloralkali plant
Loss / Disturbance of faunal habitat / Habitat fragmentation
- D 2 1 1 2 5 30 M 1 1 1 2 2 10 L
Construction of new road
Loss / Disturbance of faunal habitat / Habitat fragmentation
- D 1 1 1 2 5 25 L 1 1 1 2 2 10 L
Operation of chloralkali plant
Loss / Disturbance of fauna - D 1 3 2 1 5 35 M 1 3 2 2 2 16 L
Decommissioning Loss / Disturbance of fauna - D 1 1 1 1 5 20 L 1 1 1 1 2 8 L
Transport of materials and product
Road Fatalities - I 3 3 4 2 3 36 M 1 3 4 2 1 10 L
Hazardous chemical spills (e.g. fuel, process chemicals, etc.)
Animals dying or moving away due to contamination of immediate environment
- I 3 3 4 2 3 36 M 2 3 4 2 1 11 L
Air quality
Construction and Operation of chloralkali plant
Increase in carbon emissions from trucks carrying construction and processing materials
- D 2 1 4 3 3 30 M 2 1 4 3 2 20 L
Operation of chloralkali plant
Accidental release of gaseous waste (chlorine, carbon dioxide)
- I 2 3 2 2 1 9 L 2 3 1 2 1 8 L
Construction and Operation of chloralkali plant
Increase in dust from vehicle entrainment on gravel roads and construction activities
- D 1 1 3 2 3 21 L 1 1 3 2 3 21 L
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Project activity or issue
Potential impact
Nature of impact
Significance before mitigation Significance after mitigation as per EMP
+ / -
D/I/C M R D S P TOTAL SP M R D S P TOTAL SP
Noise
Construction and Operation of chloralkali plant
Generation of noise (e.g vehicle and equipment noise)
- D 2 1 1 1 5 25 L 1 1 1 1 5 20 L
Groundwater
Hazardous chemical spills (e.g. fuel)
Groundwater Contamination - D 2 3 4 2 2 22 L 2 3 4 2 1 11 L
Socio-Economics
Construction of chloralkali plant and ancillary infrastructure
Employment opportunities + D 2 1 2 3 5 40 M 0 L
Operation of chloralkali plant
Employment opportunities + D 2 1 3 3 5 45 M 0 L
Construction and Operation of chloralkali plant
Increased vehicular traffic - D 1 3 4 3 3 33 M 1 3 4 3 2 22 L
Transportation of materials and products
Potential for vehicle collisions
- I 1 1 4 3 1 9 L 1 1 4 3 1 9 L
Operation of chloralkali plant - Procurement of input materials
Input into national economy + I 1 1 4 5 5 55 M 0 L
Heritage
Construction of chloralkali plant and ancillary infrastructure
Loss of localised archaeological sites
- D 4 5 5 1 4 60 H 4 5 5 1 4 60 H
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8.2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT PER ENVIRONMENTAL
ASPECT
8.2.1 TOPOGRAPHY & DRAINAGE
An impact on the drainage channels running through the site is to be expected following the
construction of the plant. The impact will be of moderate significance before and after mitigation
given its high likelihood of occurrence. However, because of the severely low rainfall in this area, this
impact can also be considered negligible.
8.2.2 GEOLOGY
No impacts on the geology are expected to occur.
8.2.2.1 SOILS
Disturbances of the topsoil and soil composition are expected to occur during the construction of the
plant and associated ancillary infrastructure. The potential loss of topsoil as a result of wind erosion
following the disturbances expected during construction is also a possible negative impact, however it
can be mitigated through sufficient management during both the construction and operational phases.
Contamination of soils by means of hazardous spills is a potential impact on soil, which too can be
prevented through proper care and mitigation measures during both construction and operation
phases. All the aforementioned impacts relating to the soil can be considered as having a low
significance, which can be reduced to even lower significance with the application of appropriate
mitigation measures.
8.2.3 CLIMATE
No impacts on the climate are expected to occur.
8.2.4 LAND USE
No impacts on the change in land use are expected to occur, as the land has already been rezoned
as “Industrial” by the Arandis Town Council.
8.2.5 BIODIVERSITY
8.2.5.1 FLORA
The construction of the plant and associated ancillary infrastructure will require the clearing of the
existing vegetation along the proposed site, which will disturb the existing flora, and may lead to
specimen loss. These can be considered as localised impacts of moderate to low significance before
mitigation measures are in place. The impact of the construction activities will result in some habitat
loss for flora, which will continue through the life of the project. Potential hazardous chemical spills,
both on site and whilst materials are in transit, can result in floral loss in the immediate vicinity of
possible spills, an indirect impact of low significance, which can be mitigated.
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8.2.5.2 FAUNA
The construction activities will disturb nearby fauna, through the generation of sound which may
frighten nearby animals, increased human presence within the area, and through habitat loss along
the construction routes. This is considered to be a short-term localised impact, with a low to
moderate significance. The dominant faunal species within the vicinity of the construction activities,
predominantly reptiles and certain smaller mammals, are expected to recolonise the area after
construction activities have been completed.
Potential faunal loss may occur as a result of road fatalities and potential hazardous chemical spills,
which are considered as indirect impacts of moderate to low significance prior to mitigation measures.
8.2.6 AIR QUALITY
Carbon emissions may increase as a result of increased vehicular activity within the area through the
use of trucks transporting construction materials, process materials and product. Because of the
existing air quality impacts in the area, this impact has a cumulative affect. The impact of increased
carbon emissions is considered moderate prior to mitigation measures. Dust generation as a result of
the construction and vehicular entrainment is anticipated, however, the impact thereof is rated as
having a low significance before and after mitigation. The potential release of hazardous gasses
during the operation of the plant exists (as explained in 5.5.2), however sufficient mitigation measures
will minimise the impact thereof.
8.2.7 NOISE
During the construction and operation phases, noise may be generated. However, this activity will
remain localised to the vicinity of the project area. Therefore, the impact is rated as having a low
significance before and after mitigation.
Cumulative impacts will be created as the project is proposed adjacent to an existing town and near
the B2 Trunk Road.
8.2.8 WATER QUALITY
8.2.8.1 SURFACE WATER
No direct surface water impacts are expected due to the desert nature of the area. However, the
additional strain to the Namibian water supply can be expected through the processing requirement of
water during the operational phase.
8.2.8.2 GROUNDWATER
Potential groundwater contamination as a result of hazardous chemical spillages is a potential impact,
which is considered to have a low rating prior to mitigation measures.
8.2.9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC
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Both positive and negative impacts are envisioned for the project. Positive impacts include the
creation of jobs during the construction and operational phases of the plant, while the local production
of industrial grade chemicals, and sale thereof will contribute towards the national economy. The
project will have strong gender equality policies that are meant to endorse women empowerment.
This will better help challenge or eradicate gender biased socio-economics. These are considered as
impacts of moderate rating.
Negative impacts envisioned for the project include increased traffic, as a result of the influx of
vehicles during construction activities, and transport trucks carrying processing materials and product.
This is considered to be an impact of moderate significance. The increased traffic volumes may
indirectly lead to increased traffic collisions within the vicinity of the project, which in turn, may lead to
potential chemical spillages from load carrying trucks. This impact is considered to be of low
significance, and adequate mitigation measures can further reduce the potential of this impact from
occurring.
8.2.10 HERITAGE
Impact on archaeological sites in these circumstances is always high to very high. Impacts on
archaeological sites are never reversible. Likewise, the duration of impact is always permanent in the
case of archaeological sites. Because the sites described here from the proposed chloralkali plant
and its related linear infrastructure corridors do not represent an integrated local distribution the
spatial extent of impact is therefore at the lowest value. Based on the observations presented by the
specialist survey, it is suggested that implementation of the proposed project will not have significant
consequences for the heritage value of the area. It is therefore recommended that no further
mitigation work should be required but that the National Heritage Council should be notified of the
project.
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9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
This section provides an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to summarise the mitigation and
management actions outlined in the previous sections. This is done in order to streamline the
implementation and monitoring thereof.
The applicant is to ensure full compliance not only with this EMP but also with all Namibian
Legislation, and as far as possible all best practice guidelines.
The EMP is split into a Construction, Operation and Decommissioning Phase, as presented in Table
11, Table 12 and Table 13 below.
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Table 11: Environmental Management Plan - Construction Phase
Project activity or issue Potential impact Mitigating action
Topography
Construction activities Alteration in drainage patterns
• Designs should take the existing drainage channels into consideration to ensure that storm water flows in the natural direction.
Soil
Construction activities Loss / Disturbance of soils • Erect artificial wind barriers around excavated soils to minimise soil loss through wind
• Rehabilitate/replace soils after construction work is completed
Hazardous chemical spills Contamination of soils
• Store hazardous substances in appropriately bunded areas.
• Use a drip-tray when refuelling vehicles or machinery.
• If a spillage occurs, clean it up immediately and dispose soil at an appropriate site as hazardous waste.
Flora
Construction activities Loss / Disturbance of flora
• Translocate pre-existing floral community to nearby area to minimise specimen loss.
• Prevent and discourage illegal collection of flora (e.g. unique bulbs potentially occur in the area and only visible of periodic rain showers) as this would diminish and negatively affect the local flora.
• Make use of existing tracks/roads as much as possible throughout the area.
• Avoid off road driving in areas to prevent floral specimen loss.
• Prevent the planting of potentially alien invasive plant species for ornamental purposes as part of the plant site landscaping, should this be thought necessary. Alien species often “escape” and become invasive causing further ecological damage.
• Implement a policy of “no tolerance” towards any invasive alien plant species encountered in future in the area. This should include the removal and destruction of these species throughout the proposed development areas. Such activity would be beneficial to the overall ecology of the areas.
• Incorporate indigenous vegetation into the overall rehabilitation of the disturbed areas –
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Project activity or issue Potential impact Mitigating action
i.e. initial development access route “scars” and associated tracks and other infrastructure developments. Such rehabilitation would not only confirm the company’s environmental integrity, but also show true local commitment to the environment.
• Educate/inform contractors and staff on protected species to avoid and the consequences of illegal collection of such species.
• Prohibit the use of any pesticides.
Hazardous chemical spills Plant dieback due to contamination of immediate environment
• Store hazardous substances in appropriately bunded areas.
• Use a drip-tray when refuelling vehicles or machinery.
• Clean up potential spills immediately and dispose contaminated soils at an appropriate site as hazardous waste.
Fauna
Construction activities Loss / Disturbance of fauna
• The envisaged development site is a sparsely vegetated area and the impact on the vertebrate fauna is expected to be minimal.
• Prevent and discourage indiscriminate killing of perceived dangerous species (e.g. snakes, etc.) as this would diminish and negatively affect the local fauna. No form of poaching, illegal collecting of veld foods (e.g. bird eggs, etc.), etc. should be tolerated, especially during the construction phase.
• Remove and relocate perceived dangerous species (e.g. snakes) to similar undisturbed habitats in the general area.
• Make use of existing roads as much as possible throughout the area.
• Implement and maintain speed discipline limited to the pre-determined maximum speed limits within the area in an effort to faunal road mortalities.
• Avoid off road driving in areas to avoid habitat destruction. Nocturnal driving should also be avoided as this result in the destruction of slow-moving fauna – e.g. various reptiles and other nocturnal species.
• Rehabilitate all construction areas upon completion of construction activities.
• Use portable toilets to avoid faecal pollution during the construction phase(s).
• Initiate a suitable and appropriate refuse removal policy as littering could result in
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Project activity or issue Potential impact Mitigating action
certain animals becoming accustomed to humans and associated activity and resulting typical problem animal scenarios, such as habitat creation for pest rodent species.
• Educate/inform contractors and staff on dangerous and protected species (to avoid and the consequences of killing and/or illegal collection of such species.
Hazardous chemical spills Faunal fatalities or migration due to chemical spills
• Store hazardous substances in appropriately bunded areas.
• Use a drip-tray when refuelling vehicles or machinery.
• Clean up potential spills immediately and dispose contaminated soils at an appropriate site as hazardous waste.
Air Quality
Construction activities
Increase in carbon emissions from construction vehicles
• Undertake necessary maintenance on vehicles and equipment and keep a maintenance record.
Increase in dust
• Implement dust control mechanisms during the construction phase.
• Erect artificial wind barriers around construction sites minimise dust generation.
• Provide personal protective equipment (PPE) to construction workers to prevent or minimise dust inhalation from construction activities.
Noise
Construction activities Generation of noise (e.g. vehicle and building noise)
• Limit construction activities to specific times to restrict noise generation periods.
• Ensure no construction activities occur after hours or at night.
• Undertake necessary maintenance on vehicles and equipment and keep a maintenance record.
Surface and Groundwater
Hazardous chemical spillages Faunal fatalities or migration due to chemical spills
• The impact of liquid waste on the natural environment in general, and on both potential surface and groundwater resources in particular, must be minimised.
• Store hazardous substances in appropriately bunded areas.
• Use a drip-tray when refuelling vehicles or machinery.
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Project activity or issue Potential impact Mitigating action
• Implement proper pollution control mechanisms
• Clean up potential spills immediately and dispose contaminated soils at an appropriate site as hazardous waste.
Socio-economic
Operational activities
Job opportunities • Namibian citizens should be employed for construction phase jobs as far as possible.
Input into national economy • Ensure input materials are sourced locally as far as feasibly possible.
Increased vehicular traffic • Undertake a Traffic Impact Assessment and develop a Traffic Management Plan to minimise the potential impacts of traffic within the town of Arandis during the construction phase.
Potential vehicular collisions
Health and Safety of Construction workers
• Ensure proper maintenance of all plant infrastructure and equipment to ensure employee safety.
• The project should be executed to be in full compliance with the Labour Act 11 of 2007 (as amended) to ensure the health and safety of workers and visitors. It is recommended that a Health and Safety Plan be prepared, and training be provided to all workers prior to starting work.
• Ensure that the contractor has a Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Policy and Programme and Health and Safety Plan is in place for their workers.
Heritage
Construction activities Loss of archaeological sites • Notify the National Heritage Council of the project and the conclusions presented by the
heritage specialist study.
Table 12: Environmental Management Plan - Operation Phase
Project activity or issue Potential impact Mitigating action
Soil
Hazardous chemical spills Contamination of soils • Store hazardous substances in appropriately bunded areas.
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Project activity or issue Potential impact Mitigating action
• Use a drip-tray when refuelling vehicles or machinery.
• If a spillage occurs, clean it up immediately and dispose soil at an appropriate site as hazardous waste.
Flora
Operational activities Loss / Disturbance of flora
• Prevent and discourage illegal collection of flora (e.g. unique bulbs potentially occur in the area and only visible of periodic rain showers) as this would diminish and negatively affect the local flora.
• Make use of existing tracks/roads as much as possible throughout the area.
• Avoid off road driving in areas to prevent floral specimen loss.
• Prevent the planting of potentially alien invasive plant species for ornamental purposes as part of the plant site landscaping, should this be thought necessary. Alien species often “escape” and become invasive causing further ecological damage.
• Implement a policy of “no tolerance” towards any invasive alien plant species encountered in future in the area. This should include the removal and destruction of these species throughout the proposed development areas. Such activity would be beneficial to the overall ecology of the areas.
• Educate/inform contractors and staff on protected species to avoid and the consequences of illegal collection of such species.
Hazardous chemical spills Plant dieback due to contamination of immediate environment
• Prohibit the use of any pesticides.
• Store hazardous substances in appropriately bunded areas.
• Use a drip-tray when refuelling vehicles or machinery.
• Clean up potential spills immediately and dispose contaminated soils at an appropriate site as hazardous waste.
Fauna
Operational activities Loss / Disturbance of fauna
• Prevent and discourage indiscriminate killing of perceived dangerous species (e.g. snakes, etc.) as this would diminish and negatively affect the local fauna. No form of poaching, illegal collecting of veld foods (e.g. bird eggs, etc.), etc. should be tolerated, especially during the construction phase.
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Project activity or issue Potential impact Mitigating action
• Remove and relocate perceived dangerous species (e.g. snakes) to similar undisturbed habitats in the general area.
• Make use of existing roads as much as possible throughout the area.
• Implement and maintain speed discipline limited to the pre-determined maximum speed limits within the area in an effort to faunal road mortalities.
• Avoid off road driving in areas to avoid habitat destruction. Nocturnal driving should also be avoided as this result in the destruction of slow-moving fauna – e.g. various reptiles and other nocturnal species.
• Initiate a suitable and appropriate refuse removal policy as littering could result in certain animals becoming accustomed to humans and associated activity and resulting typical problem animal scenarios, such as habitat creation for pest rodent species.
• Educate/inform contractors and staff on dangerous and protected species (to avoid and the consequences of killing and/or illegal collection of such species.
Hazardous chemical spills Faunal fatalities or migration due to chemical spills
• Store hazardous substances in appropriately bunded areas.
• Use a drip-tray when refuelling vehicles or machinery.
• Clean up potential spills immediately and dispose contaminated soils at an appropriate site as hazardous waste.
Air Quality
Operational activities
Increase in carbon emissions from material/product transport vehicles
• Undertake necessary maintenance on vehicles and equipment and keep a maintenance record.
Accidental release of gaseous waste (chlorine, carbon dioxide)
• Ensure maintenance of plant infrastructure.
• Identify potential leaks within the processing infrastructure and repair/replace damaged equipment.
• The chlorine emergency towers will be lined with caustic soda to ensure that chlorine gas does not get released in the air.
Increase in dust • Implement dust control mechanisms during the operational phase.
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Project activity or issue Potential impact Mitigating action
• Provide personal protective equipment (PPE) to construction workers to prevent or minimise dust inhalation from construction activities.
Noise
Operational activities Generation of noise (e.g. vehicle and building noise)
• Limit material/product transport activities to specific times to restrict noise generation periods.
• Undertake necessary maintenance on vehicles and equipment and keep a maintenance record.
Surface and Groundwater
Hazardous chemical spillages Contamination of groundwater
• The impact of liquid waste on the natural environment in general, and on both potential surface and groundwater resources in particular, must be minimised.
• Store hazardous substances in appropriately bunded areas.
• Use a drip-tray when refuelling vehicles or machinery.
• Implement proper pollution control mechanisms
• Clean up potential spills immediately and dispose contaminated soils at an appropriate site as hazardous waste.
Socio-economic
Operational activities
Job opportunities • Local contractor(s) and workers should be used for the operational activities.
Increased vehicular traffic • Develop a Traffic Management Plan to minimise the potential impacts of traffic within
the town of Arandis during the operational phase
Health and Safety of Construction workers
• The project should be executed to be in full compliance with the Labour Act 11 of 2007 (as amended) to ensure the health and safety of workers and visitors. It is recommended that a Health and Safety Plan be prepared, and training be provided to all workers prior to starting work.
• Ensure that the contractor has a Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Policy and Programme and Health and Safety Plan is in place for their workers.
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Table 13: Environmental Management Plan - Closure Phase
Project activity or issue Potential impact Mitigating action
Topography
Decommissioning activities Alteration in drainage patterns
• Natural drainage systems should be reinstated during the decommissioning activities.
Soil
Decommissioning activities Contamination of soils
• Store hazardous substances in appropriately bunded areas.
• Use a drip-tray when refuelling vehicles or machinery.
• If a spillage occurs, clean it up immediately and dispose soil at an appropriate site as hazardous waste.
Flora
Decommissioning activities Loss / Disturbance of flora
• Rehabilitation of area through re-introductions of specimens of local floral community
• Refer to the mitigation measures of the construction and operational phases relating to flora.
Fauna
Decommissioning activities Loss / Disturbance of fauna • Refer to the mitigation measures of the construction and operational phases relating to
fauna.
Air Quality
Decommissioning activities
Increase in carbon emissions from construction vehicles
• Undertake necessary maintenance on vehicles and equipment and keep a maintenance record.
Increase in dust
• Implement dust control mechanisms during the closure phase.
• Erect artificial wind barriers around decommissioning sites minimise dust generation.
• Provide personal protective equipment (PPE) to construction workers to prevent or minimise dust inhalation from construction activities.
Noise
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Project activity or issue Potential impact Mitigating action
Decommissioning activities Generation of noise (e.g. vehicle and building noise)
• Limit construction activities to specific times to restrict noise generation periods.
• Undertake necessary maintenance on vehicles and equipment and keep a maintenance record.
Surface and Groundwater
Decommissioning activities Contamination of groundwater
• The impact of liquid waste on the natural environment in general, and on both potential surface and groundwater resources in particular, must be minimised.
• Store hazardous substances in appropriately bunded areas.
• Use a drip-tray when refuelling vehicles or machinery.
• Implement proper pollution control mechanisms
• Clean up potential spills immediately and dispose contaminated soils at an appropriate site as hazardous waste.
Socio-economic
Decommissioning activities Job opportunities • Namibian citizens should be employed to undertake the decommissioning process as
far as possible.
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10.0 CONCLUSION
Calculus Commodities (Pty) Ltd, a holding company of Calculus Industries (Pty) Ltd, proposes to
construct a new chloralkali plant within the Arandis Town municipality. The proposed plant will
operate to produce industrial grade chemicals, such as caustic soda (both lye and solid flakes), liquid
chlorine and calcium carbonate granules for supply to industries within Namibia. The plant will require
additional road, water, sewage and electrical support infrastructure as follows:
• Access road connected to Aloe Road in Arandis
• Water derived from a connection with the Arandis Town municipal supply line
• Sewage line connected to the manhole feeding to the nearby oxidation ponds
• Electrical supply line connected to the NamPower substation located in Arandis.
Knight Piésold Consulting (Pty) Ltd were appointed as independent environmental assessment
practitioners for the EIA for the proposed project. The environmental and social impacts of the
proposed plant were assessed, with potential negative impacts being able to be reduced to low
significance ratings with appropriate mitigation measures followed. Negative impacts which were
identified include, but are not limited to, contamination of soils, localised habitat fragmentation,
increased vehicular movements and increased noise and air emission generation. Potential positive
impacts were identified, such as opportunities for employment and economic growth within Arandis as
well as economic input towards the Namibian gross domestic product.
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11.0 REFERENCES
Ambo Consulting Engineers (Ambo). 2019. Design and Cost Report: Proposed Chlor-Alkali Plant in
Arandis, Erongo Region
Calculus Industries (Pty) Ltd. 2019. Calculus Chloralkali Plant: Prefeasibility Study
Climate-Data.Org. 2019. Climate Arandis Available at: https://en.climate-
data.org/africa/namibia/erongo-region/arandis-1326/. Accessed September 2019
Hoadley, M. 2009. Socio-Economic Component of the Social and Environmental Impact Assessment
Report for the Rio Tinto Rössing Uranium Limited Mine Expansion Project, Socio-Economic
Baseline Study
Kinahan, J. 2019. Arandis Chloralkali Plant, Erongo Region: Baseline heritage assessment
Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET). 2012. GN No. 29 List of activities that may not be
undertaken without Environmental Clearance Certificate and GN No 30. Environmental
Impact Assessment Regulations: Environmental Management Act, 2007
Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET). 2018. Reporting Guideline for Environmental
Assessment
Namibia Statistics Agency (NSA). 2017. Namibia Inter-censal Demographic Survey 2016 Report.
NSA, Windhoek.
Sipunga, E. 2019. RE:Queries. Received by Lloyd Lynch, 23 August 2019.
Speiser, A. and Mulder, S. 2012. Scoping Report for the proposed Arandis Thermal Power
Generation and Waste Oil Recycling Plants
Strubenrauch Planning Consultants. 2016. Arandis Basemap
World Wildlife Fund (WWF). 2019. Africa: Namibia Available at:
https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1315. Accessed September 2019
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12.0 CERTIFICATION
This report was prepared and reviewed by the undersigned.
Prepared:
Lloyd Lynch, Pr.Sci.Nat.
Aquatic Scientist
Reviewed:
Tania Oosthuizen, Pr.Sci.Nat.
Senior Environmental Scientist
This report was prepared by Knight Piésold (Pty) Ltd. for the account of Calculus Commodities (Pty) Ltd. Report content reflects Knight Piésold’s best judgement based on the information available at the time of preparation. Any use a third party makes of this report, or any reliance on or decisions made based on it is the responsibility of such third parties. Knight Piésold Ltd. accepts no responsibility for damages, if any, suffered by any third party as a result of decisions made or actions based on this report. Any reproductions of this report are uncontrolled and might not be the most recent revision.
Approval that this document adheres to Knight Piésold Quality Systems:
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ANNEXURE A
Arandis Town Planning Map
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267
268
269270271
272273
274275
276277
278
279
280
281
282
283284
285
286
287
288
289290
291292
293294
295296297
298299
300301302
303
304
305
306
307 308
309
310
311
312313
314
315316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323324
325
326
327
328
329
330331
332333
334335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342343344345
346347
348
349350
351352
353
354
355
356
357358
359
360
361362
363364
365366
367368
369370371372373374375376377
378379
380381
382383384
385
386
387388
389
390
391392
393394
395396
397398
399
400401
402403
404405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
42442542642
7
428429430431432
43343
4
435436437
438
439
440
441
442
443 444
445
446
447
448 449
450
451452453
454455
45645745845946
0461
462
46346
4
465466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474 475
476
477
478
479
480
481482
483484
980
981
982
983 984
985 986 987988
989
990
991992
993994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
10011002
1003100410051006
1007
1008
100910101011
1012
10131014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
10211022
10231024
1025102610271028
102910301031
1032
103310341035103610371038
1039
1040
1041
1042
10431044
10451046
1047
10481049
1050
10511052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1100
11011102
11031104
1105
11061107
11091110
1111
11121113
1114
1115
1153
1154
1155
1160
1161
1162
1163
1166
1167
1168
1170
1174
1177
1178
1185/Rem
1172
1173
1182
485
486
487
488
489
490
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499500
50150250
3
504
505
506507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518 519
520
521522
523
524525
52652752
852
9
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
53853
9
540
541
542
543544
545
546
547
548
549
550 551
552
553
55455555655
755
8
559560561
562
563
564565
566
567568
569
570
571
572
573 574 57
5
576
577
578
579
580
581582
583584
585
586
587588
589
590
591
592
593594
595
596
597
598
599600
601602
603
604
605
606607
608
609
610611
612613
614
615616
617618
619620
621622
623624625626627628629630631632
633
634635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652653654
655656
657658
659660
661662
663
664665666667668669670671
672673
674
675
676677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684685
686
687
688
689690
691692
693
694695
696697698699700701702
703704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712713
714715716717718
719720
721722723
724725726727
728
729730 731 732
733 734
735736737
738739
740741742
743
744745
746747 748 749
750
751
752
753 75
4
755
756
757758
75976
0
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780781782
783784
785
786787788
789
790791792
793794795
796797
798799800
801
802
803
804
805806
807808
809
810
811812
813814
815816
817
818819820821822823
824825826827828829
830
831832833
834835
836
837838
839840
841842
843
844845846847
848
849850
851852
853
854
855856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874875
876877
878879
880
881882
883884
885886
887888
889890
891892
893894895
896897
898
899
900901
902
903
904
905906
907
908
909
910
911
912913914
915916
917918
919920
921 922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931932
933934935
936937
938939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947948949
950951
952
953
954
955
956
957958
959960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972973
974975
976
977
978
979
1079
10801081
1082
10831084
10851086
10871088
10891090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
10961097
1098
1099
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
11271128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
11351136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1145
1146
11471148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1156
1157
1158
1159
1164
1165
1175
1176
1179
1184 1186/Rem
1187
1189
1190
1191
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
117
PTN 13/170
Cent re Line of District Road D1911
SME
1307
1225
1226
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1387
1389
1390
13911392
1393
1394 1395
1396
1397
1398
1399 1400
1401
1402
1403
14041405
1406
1407
140914101411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
14201421 1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
14341438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
14511452
14531454
1455 1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463 146414651466
1467
1468
1469
14701471147
21473147
41475147
6
1477147
81479148
01481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
14871488
14891490
1491
14921493
14971498
14991500
1501
15021503
1504
1505
1506
15071508
1509 1388
1386
1408
1228
1229
1231
1232
1233
12341235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
12431244
1245
1246
1247
12481255
1256
1257
1258
1259 12601261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1272
1275
1276
1279
1280
1281
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316 1317
1318 1319
13201321
1322
13231324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331 1332
1333
1334 1335
1336
1337
13381339
1340
1341
1342
1343134413
4513
46
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354 13551356135713581359136013611362
13631364
1365
13661368
13691370137113721373137413751376137713781379
1435
1436
1437
1494
14951496
1511
1512
1513
1230
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1267 1268
1269
1270
1271
1277
1282
1283
1284
12851286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1304
1514
1515
1254 1278
1273
1274
1295
1302
1303
1305
1367
1380
1510
1301
1183/Rem
1519
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1306/Rem
15261522
1525
1527 1521/Rem
2530
1523/Rem
2518
1524/Rem
2519
2520
2521
2522 2523
1528/Rem
2525
2527
2528
22042205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211221222132214
22152216
221722182219222022212222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231 2232
2233
22342235223622372238223922402241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
22572258
22592260226122622263226422652266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
227222732274227522762277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
22902291
22922293229422952296
22972298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
23132314
23152316
23172318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
23252326
2327
23282329233023312332233323342335
2336 23382337
2339
2340
2341
23422343
23442345
2346
2347
23482349
23502351
23522353
23542355235623572358235923602361236223632364
2365236623672368
23692370237123722373
2374
2375
2376
2377
23782379
23802381
2382
2383238
4238
5238
6238
7238
8238
9239
0239
1239
2239
3
2394
2395239623972398239924002401240224032404240524062407240824092410241124122413241424152416
24172418241924202421
2422242324242425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
24362437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2590
2591
2592
25932594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
26132615
2616
2614
1144/Rem
2453
2454Street
1518
1529
1536
153715
3515341533153215311530
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1548
1549 155
0 1551 155
2 1553 155
4
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
156915701571 1572
1573
15751576
15771578
15791580
15811582
1583158
4158
5
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595 1596 15971598
1599
1600
1601
1602160
31604160
51606160
71608160
91610161
11612161
316141615161616171618161916201621
16221623
162416251626
16271628
16291630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639 1640
16411642
164316441645164
616471648164916501651
16521653
1645
1655 165
6
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673167416751676167716781679
16801681168216
831684
1685
1686 1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700 1701
1702
1703
1704
1705170617
07
170817091710171117121713
171417
15171617
17
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727 1728
1729 1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735173617371738173917401741
1742 1743
1744
1745
1746
1747 1748
1749175017
511752
17531754 1755
1756175717581759
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766 17671768
17691770
17711772 1773
177417751776177717781779178017811782
17831784
17851786
17871788
1789
1790
17911792
17931794
1795
1796
1797 1798179918001801
180218031804
1805
18061807
18081809
1810
1811 1812
181318141815181618171818
18191820
1821
1822
1823
18241825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
18521853
1855
1856
1760
1857
1859
1858
1574
2531
1169/Rem
2532
2533
1517
2526
2452/Rem
1057
1058
10591060
10611062
30
1620
PTN 13/170
Portion 25
Portion 26
Portion 27
Portion 28
Portion 33
Portion 34
Portion 35
Portion 36
Portion 39
Portion 37
Portion 40
Portion 41
Portion 42
Portion 38
Portion 32
Portion 31
Portion 30
Portion 29
Portion 44
Portion 46
491
25342535253625372538253925402541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556255725582559256025612562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
257425752576257725782579
25802581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
18601861
18621863
18641865
1866
1867 1868
1869
1870
18711872
1873
1874187518761877 1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887188818891890
1891
18921893
18941895
18961897
1898
189919001901
190219031904
19051906
1907
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
19141915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
19231924
19251926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
19321933
19341935
19361937
1938
1939
1940
1941
19421943
1944
1945
1946
19471948
1949
1950
19511952
19531954195
51956195
71958195
91960
1961
1962
1963
1964
19651966
1967
1968
1969
197019711972
19731974
1975
19761977
1978 19791980
19811982
1983
1984198
51986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
19931994
19951996
1997
1998199
92000200
1
20022003
20042005
2006200720082009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015 2016
2017
2018
2019
20202021
20222023
20242025
20262027
20282029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2045
2046
20472048
2049
205020512052
20532054
20552056
20572058
2059
20602061
20622063
20642065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
20802044
20822083
20842085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
20912092
2093
20942095
20962097
20982099
21002101
2102
2103210421052106
21072108
21092110
21112112
21132114
2115
2116
2117
2118211
92120212
1
2122
21232124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
21362137 2138 2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
21582159
216021612162
216321642165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
21962197
21982199
22002201
2202
2203
2189
2641
2642
2643
26442645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658265
92660266
12662266
32664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680268
12682268
32684
26852686
268726882689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695269
62697
269 8269 9
270 0270 1
270 2270 3
270 4270 5
270 6
270 7
270 8
270 9
271 0
2711271 2
271 3271 4
271 5271 6
271 7271 8
271 9272 0
272 2
272 3
272 4
272 5
2726
2727
2728
2730
2731
2732
2733
27342735
27362737
27382739
272 1
2640
2729
2740
1908
1854
Ptn 18/170
PTN 16/170PTN 20/170
PTN 17/170
2081
PTN 273
Po rtion 45
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B2 (T0202) to Okahandja
B2 (T0202) to Swako
pmund
D1911
Planned ArandisExtension 9
Planned ArandisExtension 10
ArandisExtension 6
ArandisExtension 4
ArandisExtension 3
ArandisExtension 5
ArandisProper
ArandisExtension 1
Planned ArandisExtension 8
ArandisExtension 7
ArandisExtension 2
REMAINDER OFTHE FARM ARANDIS
TOWNLANDS NO. 170
REMAINDER OFTHE FARM ARANDIS
TOWNLANDS NO. 170
REMAINDER OFTHE FARM ARANDIS
TOWNLANDS NO. 170
ProposedSolar Plant
ProposedSolar Plant
STUBENRAUCHPLANNING CONSULTANTS
TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANNERS
A R A N D I SA R A N D I SS e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 6
BASEMAP
1 : 7 000
A R A N D I SA R A N D I S
PO Box 41404WindhoekNamibiaemail: [email protected]
tel: 061-251189tel: 061-252490fax: 061-252157
0 175 350 525 70087.5Meters
L E G E N DL E G E N DZ O N I N GZ O N I N G
R E S E R V A T I O NR E S E R V A T I O N
R O A D SR O A D SDistrict RoadsTrunk Roads
Informal Residential
Business
Residential
InstitutionalF FFFF FFFF FFFFF FFFF FFFF FFFFF FFFF FFFF FFFFF FFFF FFFF FFFFF FFFF FFFF FFFFF FFFF FFFF FFFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF
General IndustrialLight Industrial
F FFFF FFFF FFFFF FFFF FFFF FFFFF FFFF FFFF FFFFF FFFF FFFF FFFFF FFFF FFFF FFFFF FFFF FFFF FFFFF FFFF FFFF FFFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF Service Station
General ResidentialOffice
ParastatalUndeterminedAgriculturalPrivate Open SpaceSpecial
Local Authority
Existing Streets
Government
New Streets / Proposed Street WideningProposed Road
Public Open SpaceCemetery
E E E E E E E E E E E E EE E E E E E E E E E E E EE E E E E E E E E E E E E
E E E E E E E E E E E E EE E E E E E E E E E E E EE E E E E E E E E E E E EE E E E E E E E E E E E E
E E E E E E E E E E E E E
Local Authority/ Scheme BoundaryExtension BoundaryNampower Lines! !
Railway ReserveNampower Servitude
A
BC
D
Proposed Chloralkali Plant
Calculus Commodities (Pty) Ltd
New Chloralkali Plant In Arandis
Environmental Scoping, Impact Assessment And Management Plan Report
RI 301-00845/02 Rev A
10 December 2019
ANNEXURE B
Curriculum Vitae
CONSULTANT PROFILE
TANIA OOSTHUIZEN, (Pr. Sci. Nat) SENIOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTIST
20190904 1 of 8
Mrs. Tania Oosthuizen is a Senior Environmental Scientist at Knight Piesold’s
Rivonia office. She is registered as a Professional Natural Scientist (Pr. Sci. Nat.
114500) with the South African Council for Natural Scientific Professionals
(SACNASP). She is also registered with the Environmental Assessment
Professionals of Namibia (EAPAN). Tania holds a master’s degree in
Environmental Management from the North-West University. Her B.Sc. and B.Sc.
Honours degrees were obtained from the Rand Afrikaans University. She gained
considerable experience over the years in managing complex environmental
authorisation projects. In recent years, she has focused specifically on water use
license applications and has presented a course on the topic in March 2018.
EDUCATION
• 2010 Masters Environmental Management, NWU (cum laude)
• 2003 B.Sc. Natural and Environmental Science, RAU
• 2004 B.Sc. Honours Geography, RAU
REGISTRATION/CERTIFICATIONS
• Professional Natural Scientist with the South African Council for Natural Scientific Professions, Member
No 114500
AFFILIATIONS
• International Association for Impact Assessment (South Africa)
TRAINING
• 2005: Wetland Delineation, Legislation and Rehabilitation, UP
• 2006: Tree Identification Course, Sappi Brett
• 2006: Bird Identification Course, Sappi Brett
• 2006: NEMA EIA Regulations, CEM, Potchefstroom
• 2008: DWAF Best Practice Guidelines Mining, WISA
• 2008: Legal Liability Training, Greengain Consulting
• 2009: Acid Rock Drainage / Waste Characterization, Knight Piésold Denver
• 2010: Water Use License Applications – Procedures, Guidelines and Pitfalls, CBSS
• 2010: The National Water Act and Regulations – Practical Understanding, CBSS
• 2010: The National Environmental Management Waste Act (59 of 2009) and its regulations, CBSS
• 2011: ISO 14001:2004 Module 1, SABS
• 2014: Integrated Water Management in South Africa, CEM, Potchefstroom
• 2015: Environmental Law, Business Success Solutions
• 2016: ISO 14001:2015 Awareness and Implementation, Advantage Act
• 2017: ISO 14001:2015 Lead Auditors; WTH Management and Training
• 2017: Environmental law update workshop, IMBEWU
• 2018: Ecological Rehabilitation and Mine Closure, CEM, Potchefstroom
NATIONALITY
South African
CONSULTANT PROFILE
TANIA OOSTHUIZEN, (Pr. Sci. Nat) SENIOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTIST
20190904 2 of 8
DATE OF BIRTH
31 December 1981
YEARS OF EXPERIENCE
15 Years
COUNTRIES OF WORK EXPERIENCE
South Africa, Swaziland, Namibia, Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia, Ghana, Zimbabwe
LANGUAGES
Speaking Reading Writing
English Excellent Excellent Excellent
Afrikaans Excellent Excellent Excellent
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
2019 Project: Lower Maguga Hydropower Project
Client: Eswatini Electricity Company
Contact: Seluleko Fakudze
Position: Project Manager
Description: Scoping Report
Activities Performed: Undertook a full Scoping Process including categorisation process and public meetings
Project Value: R 800 000 (for the Scoping component)
2018 -2019 Project: Wessels Mine EMP Amendment and IWULA
Client: Hotazel Manganese Mines
Contact: Sylvia Makoele
Position: Mentor / reviewer (EMP), Project Manager (IWULA)
Description: Scoping Report
Activities Performed: Assisted in the finalisation of the EMP through mentoring and review. Project Managed the IWULA / IWWMP.
Project Value: ±R 350 000 (for the IWULA component)
2018 Project: Lesedi and Lestatsi Solar Project
Client: Lesedi Solar Project
Contact: Cornell Mouton
Position: Project Manager
Description: Two solar farms (Northern Cape and Free state)
Activities Performed: Operational Phase EMPs for two solar farms, and water use licence application for river crossing.
Project Value: R 200 000 (for the IWULA component)
2018 Project: Redstone Concentrated Solar Plant
Client: AWCA SolarReserve
Contact: Leanna Jansen van Rensburg
CONSULTANT PROFILE
TANIA OOSTHUIZEN, (Pr. Sci. Nat) SENIOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTIST
20190904 3 of 8
Position: Project Manager
Description: Integrated Water and Waste Management Plan (IWWMP)
Activities Performed: Compilation of WWMP
2018 Project: IWULA course
Client: Knight Piésold
Contact: Vishal Haripasad
Position: Co-developer and co-presenter
Description: IWULA course
Activities Performed: Developed and presented a course on water use licencing and water
use charges
2016-2017 Project: Duvha Power Station
Client: Department of Water Affairs
Contact: Simthandile Mpondo
Position: Project Manager
Description: Duvha Water Use Licence
Activities Performed: Project Manager for the gap analysis and amendment of the
Integrated Water Use License Application (IWULA) and Integrated
Water and Waste Management Plan (IWWMP) for the Duvha Power
Station.
Project Value: R300 000.00
2016 Project: Arnot Power Station IWULA Audit
Client: Eskom Arnot Power Station
Contact:
Position: Project Manager
Description: Annual IWULA audit is a condition of the power station’s water
licence
Activities Performed: Undertook annual IWULA audit for Arnot Power Station.
Project Value: R46 000.00
2016 Project: Glencore Goedgevonden Colliery Audit
Client: Golder Associates
Contact: Rianna Munnik
Position: Team Member
Description: Goedgevonden Colliery is required to undertake annual reviews of their Environmental Management Programme (EMPr)
Activities Performed: Undertook annual EMPr audit at Glencore Coal Mine.
R30 000.00
2015-2016 Project: Camden Biodiversity Management Plan
Client: Eskom Camden Power Station
Contact: Thabiso Mpongo
Position: Project Manager
Description: Eskom required the development of a Biodiversity Management Plan (BMP) as part of their ISO14001 continual improvement plan.
Activities Performed: Project Managing the compilation of a BMP for the Camden Power Station.
Project Value: R350 000.00
CONSULTANT PROFILE
TANIA OOSTHUIZEN, (Pr. Sci. Nat) SENIOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTIST
20190904 4 of 8
2013-2017 Project: Kendal 30-year Ash Disposal Facility
Client: Eskom Kendal Power Station
Contact: Emmy Molepo
Position: Project Manager
Description: Eskom must develop an additional Ash Disposal Facility (ADF) to accommodate more ash, as the life of the power station had been extended.
Activities Performed: Project Manager for the environmental authorization processes (EIA, WMLA and IWULA) for a new ADF for Kendal Power Station near Ogies in Mpumalanga.
Project Value: R6.500 000.00
2015 Project: Camden Grave Relocation Process
Client: Tobile Bokwe
Contact: Project Manager
Position: As part of the development of a new ADF for Camden Power Station, several graves had to be relocated.
Description: Project Manager for the grave relocation process for 45 graves situated on the area earmarked for the new Camden Ash Disposal Facility.
Activities Performed: R350 000.00
Project Value: Project Manager
2015 Project: Kusile 60-year Ash Disposal Facility
Client: Eskom Kusile Power Station
Contact: Mari Kotze
Position: Project Reviewer
Description: Eskom needed an additional ash disposal facility (ADF) at Kusile Power Station to accommodate ash for the full life of the station. One of the environmental authorisation processes required to develop this 60-year facility was a Water Use Licence.
Activities Performed: Project reviewer for the IWULA and IWWMP reports for the Kusile 60-year Ash Disposal Project near Balmoral in Mpumalanga.
Project Value: R1 000 000.00
2013-2015 Project: EIA Kendal Continuous Ash Disposal Facility
Client: Eskom Kendal Power Station
Contact: Emmy Molepo
Position: Project Manager
Description: Eskom must expand their existing Ash Disposal Facility (ADF) to accommodate more ash, as the life of the power station has been extended.
Activities Performed: Project Managed the IWULA process for the continuation of ash disposal on new footprint for the Kendal Power Station near Ogies in Mpumalanga.
Project Value: R100 000.00
2014-2016 Project: Camden New Ash Disposal Facility
Client: Eskom Camden Power Station
Contact: Tobile Bokwe
Position: Project Manager (from 2014-2016)
Description: Eskom needed an additional ash disposal facility (ADF) at Camden
CONSULTANT PROFILE
TANIA OOSTHUIZEN, (Pr. Sci. Nat) SENIOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTIST
20190904 5 of 8
Power Station to accommodate ash for the full life of the station. Activities Performed: Project Managed the environmental authorization processes (EIA,
WMLA and IWULA) for a new Ash Disposal Facility for Camden Power Station near Ermelo in Mpumalanga. I took over the project in 2014 and saw it to completion.
Project Value: R4.500 000.00
2014-2015 Project: Grootvlei Power Station
Client: Eskom Grootvlei Power Station
Contact: Felicia Sono
Position: Project Manager
Description: Eskom developed a Solar PV project as a pilot project for alternative energy.
Activities Performed: IWULA project for a Solar PV project in Grootvlei Power Station in Mpumalanga.
Project Value: R200 000.00
2012-2013 Project: Wallmannsthal Fluorspar Mine, Gauteng, South Africa
Client: Sephaku Holdings
Contact: Elvis Rabohale
Position: Project Manager
Description: Proposed new Fluorspar mine in Gauteng
Activities Performed: Project Manager (during this period) on the environmental authorization processes (EIA, EMPR, IWULA, IWWMP and waste license) for a greenfields fluorspar mine in Gauteng. Tania also managed the public participation and GIS components of the study.
Project Value: R 2.800 000.00
2012-2013 Project: Eureka Mine, Zimbabwe
Client: Delta Gold
Contact: Barris van Houten
Position: Project Manager
Description: Gold mine, which was under, care and maintenance required a due diligence audit before going back into operation.
Activities Performed: I completed a due diligence audit for this gold mine in Zimbabwe.
Project Value: R200 000.00
2012-2013 Project: Marsfontein Mine, Limpopo, South Africa
Client: Mwana Africa
Contact: Project Manager
Position: Natasha Gibson
Description: The DMR had issued instruction for a decommissioned diamond Mine in Limpopo to undergo closure.
Activities Performed: Completed a closure Plan for this decommissioned diamond Mine in Limpopo.
Project Value: R50 000.00
2012-2013 Project: Wayland Iron Ore Mine, Limpopo, South Africa
Client: Sekoko Resources
Contact: Nthabeleng Ledwaba
Position: Project Manager
Description: Proposed iron-ore mine in Limpopo
CONSULTANT PROFILE
TANIA OOSTHUIZEN, (Pr. Sci. Nat) SENIOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTIST
20190904 6 of 8
Activities Performed: During this period, I was the Project Manager on the environmental authorisation processes (EIA, EMPR, IWULA, IWWMP and waste license) for a greenfields iron ore mine in Limpopo. I also managed the public participation and GIS components of the study.
Project Value: R2.800 000.00
2011-2012 Project: Middelburg Ferrochrome, Mpumalanga, South Africa
Client: Middelburg Ferrochrome
Contact: Liesel Ehlers
Position: Project Manager
Description: To undertake an annual IWULA audit is a condition of the facilities’ water use licence
Activities Performed: She undertook an audit on facility’s compliance to their water use license and GN704.
Project Value: > R 600 000.00
2009-2011 Project: Burnstone Gold Mine, Mpumalanga South Africa
Client: Great Basin Gold
Contact: Willie Beckman
Position: Project Manager
Description: Proposed gold mine in Mpumalanga
Activities Performed: Project Manager for the compilation of a new EIA, EMPR update, and IWULA update for proposed expansions to the mine. The project included a full public participation programme.
Project Value: R 3 000 000, Various assignments
2010-2011 Project: Grootvlei - Burnstone Power Line, Mpumalanga
Client: Great Basin Gold
Contact: Gerrie van Schalkwyk
Position: Project Manager
Description: A power line was required to provide power from the Grootvlei Power Station to the proposed Burnstone Mine
Activities Performed: Project Manager in the compilation of two Basic Assessment Reports and Environmental Management Plans as well as an S21(c) and (i) water use license for the crossings of wetlands.
Project Value: R 3 000 000, Various assignments
2010-2011 Project: Kusile Power Station, Mpumalanga
Client: Eskom Kusile Power Station
Contact: Leon Stapelberg
Position: Project Manager
Description: Kusile Power Station required a Water Use licence for its 10 year Ash Disposal Facility.
Activities Performed: Project Manager for the water use license update process for the Kusile power station. I also managed a Section 21 (c) and (i) water use license for the ash dump.
Project Value: R 1 500 000
2010 Project: Neckartal Dam, Namibia
Client: Ministry of Water and Forestry, Namibia
Contact: Harold Koch
Position: Part of project team
Description: A new dam (Neckartal) was proposed to be built in the Karas Region
CONSULTANT PROFILE
TANIA OOSTHUIZEN, (Pr. Sci. Nat) SENIOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTIST
20190904 7 of 8
in Namibia. Activities Performed: Facilitator for the public meetings held in Namibia. I reviewed the
ESIA. Project Value: R 1 500 000
2007-2011 Project: Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project, Gauteng
Client: South African National Roads Agency Limited (SANRAL)
Contact: Mpati Makoa
Position: Project Manager
Description: SANRAL undertook to upgrade the national road network in Gauteng
Activities Performed: Project Manager for the compilation of three Basic Assessment Reports and Environmental Management Plans. I was also appointed as the Environmental Control Officer (ECO) on six other work packages which comprised quarterly environmental site inspections and reports for three years.
Project Value: > R1 000 000
2007 Project: Luwumbu and Mibango Exploration Projects
Position: Project Manager
Description: Client wanted to undertake exploration activities in Tanzania
Activities Performed: Project Manager for the development of EMPs for exploration activities in Tanzania. I undertook site visits and made recommendations regarding environmental issues and risks and future environmental applications.
2008 Project: Swaziland mini-hydropower stations
Client: Ministry of Water Swaziland
Contact: Shaun Finlay
Position: Part of Project Team
Description: Ministry of Water in Swaziland was assessing possible sources of energy in the form of mini-hydropower stations
Activities Performed: I undertook site visits to develop alternatives analysis of the environmental viability of different sites for mini-hydropower options.
2007-2008 Project: Lumwana Uranium Project, Zambia
Client: Barrick
Position: Part of Project Team
Description: Cooper and Uranium Mine, Zambia
Activities Performed: I was part of the team who undertook the environmental assessments for the uranium component of the Lumwana project. I was responsible for the site visit, baseline chapters and to undertake the alternatives assessment for the siting of the Tailings Storage Facility and uranium processing plant.
2006-2007 Project: Kayelekera Uranium Mine, Malawi
Client: Paladin Resources
Position: Part of Project Team
Description: Uranium Mine in Malawi
Activities Performed: I was part of the team who undertook the World Bank EIA for the Kayelekera Uranium Project in Malawi. I assisted with day to day aspects of the EIA and was specifically responsible for the water quality monitoring and analysis, the sensitivity mapping and certain aspects of the public participation.
CONSULTANT PROFILE
TANIA OOSTHUIZEN, (Pr. Sci. Nat) SENIOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTIST
20190904 8 of 8
2004-2005 Project: Cullinan Diamond Mine, Gauteng
Client: Cullinan Diamond Mine
Contact: Marietjie Reynecke
Position: Environmental Officer
Description: Day to day Environmental work on the mine.
Activities Performed: She was sub-contracted to Cullinan Diamond Mine to work as Environmental Officer. There, she was part of a team who were responsible to maintain an Environmental Management System. She was responsible to give environmental induction training and to set up a GIS system for the mine.
Project Value: n/a
WORK HISTORY
Dates Company Name Position
Aug 2017 - current Knight Piésold (Pty) Ltd. South Africa Senior Environmental Scientist
June 2013 – Aug 2017 Zitholele Consulting Senior Environmental Consultant
2012 - 2013 AGES Senior Environmental Consultant
2005 - 2012 Knight Piésold (Pty) Ltd. South Africa (Senior) Environmental Scientist
2004 - 2005 Information Decision Systems GIS and Environmental Scientist
PUBLICATIONS AND PRESENTATIONS
Oosthuizen, T. Mining Review Africa. Environmental Legislation Development: Mining Sector Take Note. June
2018
CONSULTANT PROFILE
LLOYD LYNCH (Pr.Sci.Nat), AQUATIC SCIENTIST
20180831ENV 1 of 5
Lloyd Lynch has worked for Knight Piésold as an Aquatic Scientist for four years
with a focus on aquatic science. Lloyd has an aquatic science background, a
registered professional scientist and an accredited SWA: SASS version 5
practitioner. During his career, Lloyd has conducted aquatic specialist assessments
across South Africa, both for standalone assessments as well as scheduled bio-
monitoring, making use of both SASS and FAII. Lloyd has also assisted with a
variety of other tasks ranging from public participation consultations, ESIA baseline
input, both air and water quality reporting and project management. Lloyd has also
been part of various other projects such as conducting the Riparian Vegetation
Response Assessment Index (VEGRAI) for the state of rivers for the Johannesburg
Metropolitan.
EDUCATION
• MSc Aquatic Health, University of Johannesburg, South Africa (2014)
• BSc Honours Zoology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa (2012)
• BSc Zoology and Botany, University of Johannesburg, South Africa (2011)
REGISTRATION/CERTIFICATIONS
• SACNASP, South African Council for Natural Scientific Professions, Pr.Sci.Nat. No. 116026
• Department of Water and Sanitation: SASS 5 Accredited Practitioner, 2017
AFFILIATIONS
• SACNASP, South African Council for Natural Scientific Professions, Pr.Sci.Nat. No.116026
TRAINING
• Department of Water and Sanitation: SASS 5 Accreditation, 2017
• Centre for Environmental Management: Environmental Law (Introduction), 2018
NATIONALITY
South African
DATE OF BIRTH
13 June 1988
YEARS OF EXPERIENCE
4 years
COUNTRIES OF WORK EXPERIENCE
South Africa, Swaziland, Democratic Republic of Congo
CONSULTANT PROFILE
LLOYD LYNCH (Pr.Sci.Nat), AQUATIC SCIENTIST
20180831ENV 2 of 5
LANGUAGES
Speaking Reading Writing
English Excellent Excellent Excellent
Afrikaans Good Good Good
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
2017- Present
Project: ERWAT Aquatic Bio-Monitoring
Client: East Rand Water Care Company (ERWAT) Position: Jnr. Environmental Scientist Description: Knight Piésold (Pty) Ltd was appointed by the East Rand Water Care
Company (ERWAT) to conduct aquatic bio-monitoring at 19 Wastewater Care Works (WCW) on a quarterly basis. The aim of the bio-monitoring is to assess the impact of the WCW on the receiving aquatic environment. To comply with the Water Use Licence conditions from the Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) aquatic bio-monitoring and toxicity testing needs to be conducted downstream and upstream of each WCW.
Activities Performed: Lloyd performed aquatic bio-monitoring (SASS, IHAS and FAII) at all the river sites, as well as collecting diatom samples at specific sites and collecting water samples for chemical and toxicity analysis, captured and interpreted the data and wrote the reports based on the data.
Project Value: > R 12 000 000.00 various assignments
2016- Present
Project: MMG Kinsevere – Air Quality Monitoring
Client: MMG Kinsevere Copper Mine Position: Jnr. Environmental Scientist Description: The Kinsevere Copper Mine is located in the Kipushi territory in the Katanga
province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), approximately 30 km north, northwest from Lubumbashi. The copper oxide from three mineralised zones will be exploited during the life of the project. Knight Piésold is responsible for providing equipment, monthly data analysis, specialist studies and reports on a monthly and annual basis.
Activities Performed: Lloyd assisted with capturing the monthly air quality data and writing reports thereof. As of 2017, Lloyd became project manager for this project, handling all aspects such as liaising with sub-consultants and arranging transport of equipment through to writing the reports.
Project Value: > R 12 000 000.00 various assignments 2017 Project: Kinsevere Copper Mine: EIS Update 2017 Client: MMG Kinsevere Position: Jnr. Environmental Scientist Description: The mine site is located in the Kipushi territory in the Katanga province of the
Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), approximately 30km north, northwest from Lubumbashi. Copper oxide was exploited from three mineralised zones namely, Central Pit, Mashi Pit and Kinsevere Hill. The 2017 Environmental Impact Study (EIS) aims to fulfil the requirements of Article 463 of the Regulations in terms of the Mining Code (Decree No 038 / 2003 of 26 March 2003), thereby serving as an update of the 2012 EIS.
Activities Performed: Lloyd assisted with the compilation of various chapters of the EIS Update. Project Value: 727 084.11 (USD)
CONSULTANT PROFILE
LLOYD LYNCH (Pr.Sci.Nat), AQUATIC SCIENTIST
20180831ENV 3 of 5
2017 Project: Sterkspruit Aquatic Bio-monitoring 2017 Client: Sterkspruit Aggregates (Pty) Ltd Position: Jnr. Environmental Scientist Description: Sterkspruit Aggregates (Pty) Ltd is located in KwaZulu Natal close to the town
of Ntshongweni. The Sterkspruit flows adjacent to Sterkspruit Aggregates along the quarry premises. As part of the Water Use Licence (WUL) conditions and Integrated Water and Waste Management Plan (IWWMP) aquatic bio-monitoring needs to be conducted bi-annually to determine the potential impact of the Sterkspruit quarry activities on the Sterkspruit.Knight Piésold (Pty) Ltd was appointed by Sterkspruit Aggregates (Pty) Ltd to conduct the aquatic bio-monitoring on the Sterkspruit that flows adjacent to the operation.
Activities Performed: Lloyd performed SASS version 5, IHAS and FAII at 5 sites. In-situ parameters were recorded at each site and diatom samples were collected for further analysis. He then drafted the report following data analysis.
Project Value: R 101 700.00
2016-Present Project: MMG Kinsevere – Water Quality Monitoring – D.R.C. Client: MMG Kinsevere Copper Mine Position: Jnr. Environmental Scientist Description: The Kinsevere Copper Mine is located in the Kipushi territory in the Katanga
province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), approximately 30 km north, northwest from Lubumbashi. The copper oxide from three mineralised zones will be exploited during the life of the project. Knight Piésold is responsible for conducting water and bio- monitoring of the area.
Activities Performed: Lloyd attended multiple site visits to MMG Kinsevere Copper Mine in the DRC where he assisted in the collection of water samples and in situ data at a multitude of sites. Furthermore, he assists with monthly memos on water quality data and both sample and equipment logistics.
Project Value: > R 12 000 000.00 various assignments
2016-Present Project: Johannesburg Water Aquatic Monitoring of Waste Water Treatment Works
Client: Johannesburg Water Position: Jnr. Environmental Scientist Description: Aquatic Monitoring services for four waste water treatment works in the
Johannesburg region. Two additional WWTW were included into the project as of 2017. As the WWTW discharge the final effluent into the aquatic environment these aquatic systems need to be monitored and potential impacts identified.
Activities Performed: Lloyd collected water samples from all sites for analysis for toxicity screening on a bi-monthly basis. Aquatic bio-monitoring was performed at all river points on a bi-annual basis. He also analysed in situ water quality parameters at each site.
Project Value: > R 1,200,000.00 Various contracts
2016-Present Project: City of Johannesburg – State of Rivers Client: City of Johannesburg Position: Jnr. Environmental Scientist Description: Knight Piésold (Pty) Ltd was appointed by the City of Johannesburg (CoJ) to
conduct the State of Rivers report for the Klip River and Jukskei catchments within the Johannesburg Metropolitan region.
Activities Performed: Lloyd performed VEGRAI analysis at each location, identifying plants within the respective zones and determining impacts on the vegetation at each location. He also assisted with SASS (invertebrate) sampling, and analysis of in situ water quality parameters for each site.
Project Value: R 307,850.00 (Est)
CONSULTANT PROFILE
LLOYD LYNCH (Pr.Sci.Nat), AQUATIC SCIENTIST
20180831ENV 4 of 5
2016-Present Project: Two Rivers Platinum Mine
Client: Two Rivers Platinum Mine Position: Description: The Two Rivers Platinum Mine is a joint venture between African Rainbow
Minerals and Impala Platinum Holdings Limited. The operation is situated on the farm Dwarsrivier on the southern part of the eastern limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex in Mpumalanga, South Africa.
Activities Performed: Lloyd was trained in performing SASS sampling and identification at sites within this location. Lloyd performs the aquatic bio-monitoring (SASS and FAII) for this project. He assisted in analysis of in situ water quality parameters and collected samples for toxicity screening. He drafts the reports based on the analysis of all data.
Project Value: R 212 300.00 2016 Project: IEE and ESMP for Ezulwini water supply project - Swaziland Client: Swaziland Water Services Corporation Position: Description: The Initial Environmental Evaluation (IEE) follows the categorisation of the
project by Swaziland Environmental Authority (SEA) as a category 2 project. The Swaziland Water Services Corporation (SWSC) is the Ezulwini Sustainable Water Supply project co-ordinator and applicant. Knight Piésold Consulting Swaziland was appointed by the SWSC to undertake the IEE for this project.
Activities Performed: Lloyd assisted with the public participation process and meetings of this project.
Project Value: R 180 300.00 2016 Project: Glendale Distillery - Aquatic bio-monitoring survey Client: Glendale Distillery Position: Jnr. Environmental Scientist Description: Knight Piésold (Pty) Ltd was appointed by WSP Group Africa (Pty) Ltd to
conduct the aquatic bio-monitoring for the Illovo Distillery in Glendale to comply with their Water Use Licence (WUL) conditions.
Activities Performed: Lloyd performed aquatic bio-monitoring (SASS, IHAS and FAII) at the three sites, captured and interpreted the data and wrote the draft report based on the data.
Project Value: R 110 000.00 2016 Project: Feasibility Study for the Ethemba Dam Project - Swaziland Client: The Ministry of Natural Resources and energy (MNRE) Position: Jnr. Environmental Scientist Description: Completion of the Ethemba Dam feasibility study: Environmental and Social
Impact Assessment, geotechnical investigation and Resettlement Action Plan.
Activities Performed: Lloyd assisted with the public participation process, with regards to compilation of documents for the public, visiting the villages and attending public meetings and capturing minutes of all meetings. He further assisted in the compilation of the ESIA for the project.
Project Value: R 10 130 350.00
2016 Project: Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme - Aquatic bio-monitoring survey Client: WSP|Parsons Brinckerhoff Position: Jnr. Environmental Scientist Description: Knight Piésold (Pty) Ltd was appointed by WSP|Parsons Brinckerhoff to
CONSULTANT PROFILE
LLOYD LYNCH (Pr.Sci.Nat), AQUATIC SCIENTIST
20180831ENV 5 of 5
Conduct the aquatic bio-monitoring for the Eskom Ingula Pump Storage Scheme to comply with their Water Use Licence (WUL) conditions.
Activities Performed: Lloyd performed two aquatic bio-monitoring surveys (SASS, IHAS and FAII) at the twelve sites, captured and interpreted the data and wrote the draft reports based on the data.
Project Value: R 197,440.00
WORK HISTORY
Dates Company Name Position
2016-Date Knight Piésold (Pty) Ltd Junior Environmental Scientist
2015 University of Johannesburg Contract Lecturer
Calculus Commodities (Pty) Ltd
New Chloralkali Plant In Arandis
Environmental Scoping, Impact Assessment And Management Plan Report
RI 301-00845/02 Rev A
10 December 2019
ANNEXURE C
Plant and Services Layout Map
Calculus Commodities (Pty) Ltd
New Chloralkali Plant In Arandis
Environmental Scoping, Impact Assessment And Management Plan Report
RI 301-00845/02 Rev A
10 December 2019
ANNEXURE D
Prefeasibility Study: Technical Extract
Chloralkali Plant Prefeasibility
© CALCULUS INDUSTRIES (PTY) LTD 2019 13
Water and sewerage
Effluent discharge
Power supply
Offices and workshops
Grounding and fencing
Environmental studies
Plant lighting and CCTV
Network and comms
Roads, paving, pipe racks, and other process equipment supports.
Ambo consulting engineers will scope and design the items outside the battery limit, and
Namibian construction firms will be appointed to carry out the work under Ambo and Nuberg.
During the construction period, it is estimated that over 400 people will be employed at the site,
for two years.
3.1.2. Process design
3.1.2.1. Process feed
The primary inputs into the production process are:
Chemical grade salt
Industrial grade calcium chloride
Water
Electricity
3.1.2.1.1. Salt
Salt is the primary raw material for the chloralkali process. Chemical grade salt (99%) is required as
Chloralkali Plant Prefeasibility
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an input into the process at 26,400 metric tons per annum (tpa). The salt will be purchased from a
solar salt mine at Cape Cross, and transported to site via road (180 km). The salt will be off-loaded
from road trucks onto a salt storage patio with the capacity to store 2,000 metric tons of salt. Two
dedicated trucks, with a combined payload of 57.4 tonnes will be purchased for the collection of
salt from the mine. Each truck will make two round trips per day.
3.1.2.1.2. Calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate will be used to produce calcium chloride and carbon dioxide. Industrial grade
calcium carbonate (96%) will be sourced from the SwaCa quarry mine outside Swakopmund. A
minimum of 2,000 tonnes will be stored at the plant site. One dedicated truck with a payload of
28.7 tonnes will be purchased to collect calcium carbonate from the quarry. A total of 18,000
tonnes is required per annum.
3.1.2.1.3. Water supply
Domestic water will be obtained from the Arandis Town water network. The water will be used for
the following purposes:
Demineralized water
Chilled water
Cooling water
Fire-fighting
Drinking
Ablution facilities.
A nominal flowrate of 38m3/hr of water supply is required for the operation of the plant.
3.1.2.1.4. Power supply
The maximum power requirement for the plant is 10 megavolt amperes (MVA). The plant will
operate for 350 days per annum, as per design criteria. It is assumed that the plant will carry on
operating during shift changes, effectively operating 24 hours a day.
The true power consumption, based on an apparent power of 8 MVA and utilizing a power factor
correction of 0.9, is 7.2 megawatts (MW).
Chloralkali Plant Prefeasibility
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The required power will be supplied from the nearby 220 Kv line. Electricity supply is currently
being discussed with NamPower. Light fuel oil will be utilized as fuel for steam boilers.
3.1.2.1.5. Other chemicals and consumables
Other process chemicals and consumables are required in small quantities and they will be
obtained from China and India via the port of Walvis Bay. These materials will be transported to
site by a dedicated inhouse truck.
These materials are:
Ethanol amine for carbon dioxide absorption
Sulfuric acid (98%) for chlorine drying
Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide - 32%) for first filling of the electrolyser
Sodium carbonate (soda ash) for brine treatment and neutralization of crude CO2.
Barium carbonate for brine treatment
Flocculent for brine settling
Pre-coat and filter aid (alpha-cellulose) for brine filtration
Active carbon for brine filtration
Chelating resins for secondary brine treatment
Hydrogen peroxide (50%) for final brine dichlorination
3.1.2.2. Production process
3.1.2.2.1. Brine manufacturing and treatment
Salt is added to the brine saturation vessel by bucket elevator twice a day, for three hours. From
the saturators, the saturated brine outflows to a combined precipitation and sedimentation tank.
At this stage, soda ash and caustic soda are added. In the lower part of the sedimentation tank,
sedimentation and agglomeration takes place. The agglomeration is completed after
approximately 10 hours. The sludge from the bottom of the sedimentation tank is removed
periodically to a sludge tank. The brine is then filtered to obtain an entirely pure solution. At this
stage the brine is free of impurities such as magnesium and calcium. The purified brine is then
stored in a brine storage tank.
Chloralkali Plant Prefeasibility
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3.1.2.2.2. Electrolysis
From the brine storage tank, the brine is pumped to a brine polishing filter and then to an ion
exchange column. This is to ensure that any newly generated or unremoved impurities are
stripped.
The brine is then sent to the electrolyzers. Chlorine and hydrogen are released from the cells at a
pressure slightly above atmospheric pressure, in order to ensure that they do not escape.
Approximately half the amount of chlorides in the brine feed to cells, is converted to chlorine. The
spent brine is therefore sent to a brine dichlorination tower, where chlorine is stripped with air.
The chlorine and air mixture is sent to the chlorine tower, whilst the brine is sent back to the brine
saturation vessel. Caustic soda produced directly in the membrane cell electrolyzers is of about
32% NaOH concentration. A portion of the stream is cooled and stored, whilst the remainder is
transferred to the caustic soda evaporator.
3.1.2.2.3. Caustic soda evaporation and concentration
The evaporation system consists of three falling film evaporator units. In falling film evaporator,
the liquid product enters the evaporator at the head of the evaporator. In the head, the product is
evenly distributed into the heating tubes. The liquid enters the heating tube and forms a thin film
on the tube wall where it flows downwards at boiling temperature and is partially evaporated.
Steam is used for heating the evaporator. The product and the vapor both flow downwards in a
parallel flow. This gravity-induced downward movement is increasingly augmented by the co-
current vapor flow. The separation of the concentrated product from its vapor takes place in the
lower part of the heat exchanger and the vapor/liquid separator. The heat necessary to evaporate
the water is obtained from an LFO burner.
The caustic soda feed from the electrolyzer passes through the first evaporator and is
concentrated from 32% to 38%. The 38% caustic soda liquor is then pumped to the second
evaporator and 50% caustic soda is produced at the discharge. A portion of the concentrated 50%
product is pumped to the product cooler, where it is cooled by cooling water to the required
outlet temperature and stored in storage tanks. The remainder of the liquor is fed to the third
evaporator and the caustic soda is dehydrated from 50% to 99% caustic soda melt.
Chloralkali Plant Prefeasibility
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The 99% caustic soda melt is fed via a seal pot by gravity flow to a flaking machine, where it is
processed into flakes. The flakes are bagged and stored as final product.
3.1.2.2.4. Sodium hypochlorite production
The chlorine production tower will be fitted with a secondary tower containing caustic soda for
emergency absorption of chlorine gas venting. Annually or semi-annually, this tower may be
purged and replaced with clean caustic soda.
Before purging, the solution is strengthened with chlorine to provide 12% chlorine solution of
sodium hypochlorite. The solution is bottled and stored.
3.1.2.2.5. Hydrochloric acid production
Combustion of hydrogen and chlorine to produce hydrogen chloride gas takes place in the burner
section of the synthesis unit. The gas is then contacted with absorption water to produce
hydrochloric acid, as a 33% HCl solution. A packed tail gas scrubber is mounted above the
absorber. Absorption water is used to eliminate any traces of gaseous hydrogen chloride, before
venting to the atmosphere. Hydrochloric acid received from the absorber is fed by gravity to the
collection tank and then pumped to the storage tank. Figure 3 depicts the entire process from
brine treatment to hydrochloric acid production.
Chloralkali Plant Prefeasibility
© CALCULUS INDUSTRIES (PTY) LTD 2019 18
Figure 3. Caustic soda, chlorine and hypochlorite sections.
3.1.2.2.6. Calcium chloride production
Limestone (calcium carbonate) of 20- 80 mm size is unloaded in limestone storage yard/go down
from trucks. The limestone is charged in to hopper with the help of a front-end loader. Limestone
from bottom of hopper is charged in to winch trolley, using a discharge feeder and then
transferred at the top of the limestone distribution hopper above dissolver. Concentrated
hydrochloric acid from the HCl storage tank is fed into the dissolver with help of feed pump.
During reaction of limestone with hydrochloric acid, CO2 gas exits with acid fumes and entrained
particles to the waste gas scrubbing system.
The overflow calcium chloride solution with some excess acid goes to the neutralization section.
This system shall contain 3 neutralization reactors and a circulation and transfer system. The
overflow solution passes through the first reactor and the neutralizing chemical, calcium
hydroxide solution (Lime milk) is mixed with first reactor feed. Overflow of first reactor enters into
the second reactor and overflow of second enters into the third reactor.
Calcium chloride solution from neutralization section is sent to the clarifier. Flocculant is added to
the clarifier feed to improve the settling of impurities.
Chloralkali Plant Prefeasibility
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From clarifier overflow, clear liquid calcium chloride solution (34-35%) is obtained and stored in
the intermediate storage tanks. The slurry discharge from bottom of the clarifier is fed to the
sludge filtration system.
The liquid calcium chloride of 34-35% concentration is fed to the concentration section from the
storage tank. Liquid calcium chloride first enters into the waste /dust scrubbing section as a
circulation liquid. Here all calcium chloride dust gets absorbed into this solution. The solution is
concentrated to 44-48%. The concentrated calcium chloride solution is fed to a fluidized bed dryer
granulator, where it is dried and converted into granules. In this system hot air with help of blower
and hot air generator (LFO fired) is fed from bottom of dryer/granulator, for drying and fluidization
purposes.
Calcium chloride granules from the fluidized bed dryer, is transferred to the product cooling
system using a bucket elevator. From the cooling system calcium chloride is fed over a triple
decker screen. The undersize and oversized material are recycled back to plant for reprocessing
and desired sized is stored in the product silo. Figure 4 depicts the calcium chloride section.
Figure 4. Calcium chloride section.
3.1.2.2.7. Carbon dioxide production
The off gas from the limestone dissolver enters the washing scrubber system. The system consists
of three equal capacity scrubbers. The crude CO2 gas is fed to the first scrubber where scrubbing
will be done by fresh process water.
Chloralkali Plant Prefeasibility
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During the water wash most of the acidic impurities will be washed out and the cleaner gas flows
into the second scrubber, where washing is done by soda ash solution, thereby neutralizing acidic
gases and organic impurities. The CO2 gas from second scrubber flows to the third scrubber for
additional water washing of the neutralized impurities.
The scrubbed gas from the scrubbing system is stored in a CO2 gas buffer tank in order to provide
continuous feed to the compressor. The compressor will compress the CO2 to a volume of up to 18
kg/cm2.
The compressed gas is then sent to a dual tower deodorizer, where odour causing impurities (non-
water soluble) that may be present in the CO2 are removed. The CO2 gas is then liquefied by
cooling with ammonia to approximately -22 ºC, at this temperature it changes into liquid CO2.
Liquefied CO2 received from CO2 liquefier is stored in three storage tanks. These tanks are specially
insulated & equipped with refrigeration units, maintaining the temperature of CO2 to be in liquid
form.
3.1.3. Products and volumes
3.1.3.1. Typical Specification for Caustic Soda (Lye)
Sodium Hydroxide: 32 – 50%% w/w
Sodium Chloride: < 30 PPM w/w
Sodium Chlorate: < 20 PPM w/w
Appearance: Clear like water
3.1.3.2. Typical Specification for Caustic Soda (Solids flakes)
Hydroxide Alkalinity as NaOH: 98.5 ± 1% w/w
Sodium Carbonate as CO32-:< 0.2 w/w
Sodium Chloride as Cl-: < 0.04 w/w
Sodium Chlorate as ClO32-: < 0.002 w/w
Sodium Sulfate as SO42-: <0.02 w/w
Iron as Fe3+: <0.002 w/w
Water Insolubles: <0.002 w/w
Appearance: White flakes
Calculus Commodities (Pty) Ltd
New Chloralkali Plant In Arandis
Environmental Scoping, Impact Assessment And Management Plan Report
RI 301-00845/02 Rev A
10 December 2019
ANNEXURE E
Letter from Arandis Town Council
Calculus Commodities (Pty) Ltd
New Chloralkali Plant In Arandis
Environmental Scoping, Impact Assessment And Management Plan Report
RI 301-00845/02 Rev A
10 December 2019
ANNEXURE F
Heritage Specialist Report
J.KINAHAN, Archaeologist
P.O. Box 22407, Windhoek, Namibia Tel. 061-236216 Cell: 081-3320832
Email [email protected]
29th October, 2019
Knight Piésold (Pty) Ltd. 4 De la Rey Road, Rivonia, Gauteng,
South Africa 2128 For attention: Mr Lloyd Lynch, Junior Environmental Scientist
Arandis Chloralkali Plant, Erongo Region: Baseline heritage assessment
Introduction
Calculus Commodities (Pty) Ltd proposes to establish a chloralkali plant at Arandis, in the Erongo Region. The
plant will be located on the western perimeter of the town and served by power and water supply corridors as
well as road access. The site and linear corridors are on undeveloped land although there is a degree of legacy
disturbance in the form of refuse dumps, sand-winning pits and vehicle tracks.
In terms of the Environmental Management Act (No. 7 of 2007, section 27(3)), projects such as the Arandis
Chloralkali Plant are listed activities (GN. No. 29 of 2012) requiring an Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC)
before implementation. Knight Piésold (Pty) Ltd has accordingly been appointed to undertake the environmental
assessment, as specified by the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations (GN. No. 30 of 2012).
Archaeological sites and remains in Namibia are protected in terms of both the Environmental Management Act
(No. 7 of 2007) and the National Heritage Act (27 of 2004). Part V Section 46 of the Heritage Act prohibits
removal, damage, alteration or excavation of heritage sites or remains (defined in Part 1, Definitions 1). Section
51 (3) sets out the requirements for impact assessment.
A series of detailed studies has identified large concentrations of archaeological sites in the central Namib Desert
centering on Arandis. These sites contain evidence of human settlement in the area dating to within the last half
million years. Periods that are particularly well represented in the archaeology of this area include the last inter-
glacial (approximately 120 000 years ago), the mid- to recent Holocene (approximately 5 000 years ago) and the
early colonial era, including important evidence of the 1915 South African invasion.
Knight Piésold (Pty) Ltd has appointed J. Kinahan, Archaeologist, to prepare a heritage impact assessment for an
Environmental Assessment of the proposed Arandis Chloralkali Plant. The Terms of Reference for the baseline
study are set out in a letter from Knight Piésold (Pty) Ltd dated 9th October 2019. These comprise:
1. A heritage baseline assessment of the proposed site and any potential impacts on heritage resources. 2. The report should describe any permits required and measures to avoid or mitigate impacts.
Knight Piésold (Pty) Ltd has furnished geographical corner-points for the proposed Arandis Chloralkali Plant site.
Final information on the linear infrastructure was furnished as a sketch and could not be projected as a spatial
file.
Desk assessment:
The modern settlement of Arandis lies approximately 54km northeast of Swakopmund, on the central western
plains of the Namib Desert. The terrain is generally subdued as a result of erosional cutback of the prevailing
geology characterized by outcropping Damara schist, marble and ortho-amphibolite. The Arandis area receives
between 50 and 100mm annual precipitation, with a degree of variation approaching 90%. Consequently,
vegetation within the Namib Desert biome is extremely sparse1.
Despite its extreme aridity, there is archaeological evidence for the human occupation of the Namib Desert
throughout much of the last one million years, including periods of intense human activity and periods in which
the desert environment was inimical to human occupation2. Detailed archaeological surveys have been carried
out over large parts of the Namib Desert during the last few decades and in many areas these provide a firm
basis for the estimation of likely impacts due to industrial and infrastructural developments3.
The earliest evidence of human occupation in the Arandis area occurs in the form of isolated Early Stone Age
(ESA) artefacts dating to approximately half a million years which are found on gravel outwash surfaces rather
than in their original context. More dense concentrations of Middle Stone Age (MSA) artefacts dating to within
the last 200 000 years also occur mainly as surface finds but their context, such as quarrying sites and tool
fabrication sites provides valuable evidence of early modern Homo sapiens behaviour in the desert environment.
A major MSA site in the Arandis area is located at Panner Gorge where detailed evidence of quarrying activity is
associated with a large outcrop of chert 4. This particular material which has superior flaking properties was in
high demand over the last 100 000 years and chert from Panner Gorge was distributed over a radius of almost
100km in the Namib Desert, thus including the location of the Arandis Chloralkali Plant. The distribution of chert
artefacts and waste material allows detailed mapping of hunting activity and settlement by early modern Homo
sapiens.
A second component of the local archaeological sequence that is of particular importance is evidence from
within the last one thousand years, of systematic human exploitation of wild grass seeds. This activity which is
associated with the acquisition of pottery and a range of important social changes, was the foundation of human
food security in the desert and enabled a significant growth in population. Evidence of wild grass seed
exploitation is widespread mainly along the eastern edges of the Namib Desert and thus also near Arandis.
Finally, the Arandis area was an important theatre of conflict during the 1915 South African invasion which has
left a uniquely well preserved archaeological record. The capture of the railway line via Arandis by Col. Skinner
involved large numbers of South African and British troops who encamped along the railway line and established
a communication network based on a series of heliograph signaling stations5. Several important sites relating
1 Background environmental data from Mendelsohn, J., Jarvis, A., Roberts, C. and Robertson, T. eds. 2002. Atlas
of Namibia: a portrait of the Land and its People. Cape Town, David Philip. 2 Kinahan, J. 2011. From the beginning: the archaeological evidence. In Wallace, M. and Kinahan, J. A history of
Namibia: from the beginning to 1990. London: Hurst & Co., pp 15-44.
3 Kinahan, J. and Kinahan, J.H.A. Namib Desert Archaeological Survey
http://antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/kinahan325/
4 Kinahan, J. and Kinahan, J.H.A. 2009. Archaeological investigation of a Late Pleistocene chert quarry and
workshop site QRS 72/48. Quaternary Research Services, Namibia: Report commissioned by Rössing Uranium
Limited.
5 L’Ange, G. 1991. Urgent Imperial Service: South African forces in German South West Africa 1914-1915. Rivonia:
Ashanti.
to this campaign have been documented in the Arandis area6. Figure 1, below, shows the distribution of
archaeological documented during in previous studies in the Arandis area.
Figure 1: Archaeological sites in the vicinity of Arandis, Erongo Region, shown as black dots (data from Namib
Desert Archaeological Survey), in relation to the Arandis town limits and the footprint area of the proposed
Arandis Chloralkali Plant.
6 e.g. Kinahan, J. 2013. Archaeological field survey of a site for the proposed Arandis Thermal Power Generation
and Waste Oil Recycling Plant. Report commissioned by SLR Consulting (Africa) (Pty) Ltd.
Field survey:
The footprint area and setting of the proposed Arandis Chloralkali Plant were examined on foot by means of
parallel transects. The location of archaeological sites was recorded by hand-held GPS and the visible surface
remains described according to commonly used criteria. The ground surface of the survey area has almost no
vegetation cover and the visibility of archaeological materials was therefore relatively high. The area covered by
the survey showed a noticeable degree of legacy disturbance which is probably attributable to the proximity of
Arandis. Disturbance included a high density of vehicle tracks (ranging between 10 and 70% of surface), refuse
dumps and excavations for building sand.
Within the footprint area of the proposed Arandis Chloralkali Plant, three examples of mid-Pleistocene stone
artefacts were found on the surface. These are illustrated in Figure 2. The artefacts all showed advanced surface
abrasion probably due to sand-blasting, such that the evidence of their manufacture was to some degree
obscured. The finds appear to have moved over the surface as a result of sheetwash and are therefore of
negligible research value.
Figure 2: Mid-Pleistocene stone artefacts from the footprint area of the proposed Arandis Chloralkali Plant (scale
1:5), dorsal view on left with obverse on right. The upper piece is a bifacial handaxe, the middle piece is a
unifacial cleaver, and the lower piece is a polyhedral core fragment.
Figure 3 shows the distribution of archaeological sites in relation to the proposed Arandis Chloralkali Plant.
Geographical co-ordinates for the sites are set out in Table 1. The corridor approaching the footprint site from
the east and southeast yielded no archaeological remains. This area which is closest to the edge of the town also
had the highest density of disturbance. A short western corridor (not indicated on the map but shown on
accompanying documentation) was described as a proposed sewerage line; this, too, yielded no archaeological
remains. The final version of the water supply pipeline was provided as a sketch when fieldwork had already
commenced; the sketch could not be projected as a spatial file and so was used for general orientation to carry
out a foot survey of the area concerned. No archaeological remains were found in the area covered.
Figure 3: The footprint of the proposed Arandis Chloralkali Plant, indicating the distribution of archaeological
sites located during the field survey.
Table 1: Geographical co-ordinates of archaeological sites associated with the proposed Arandis Chloralkali
Plant.
Wpt S. Latitude E. Longitude Description
422 -22,424549 14,959411 ESA cleaver isolated find
423 -22,426298 14,956055 ESA biface isolated find
424 -22,427499 14,958526 ESA polyhedral isolated find
A general reconnaissance of the western outskirts of Arandis yielded a number of isolated finds that are
consistent with the results of previous surveys undertaken in the surrounding area. These finds included a single
MSA flake tool of yellow chert such as is found at Panner Gorge about 10km to the south. The vicinity of the
dolerite ridge to the south of the proposed Arandis Chloralkali Plant also revealed a number of sites related to
wild grass seed exploitation in the last one thousand years. These sites consist of small areas of disturbed ground
approximately 2-3m in diameter and usually on weathered granite. The disturbed ground indicates areas where
the underground nests of harvester ants were excavated to remove stored caches of grass seed. Usually such
excavations occur in groups (as here) and are also associated with large hammer stones brought from
neighbouring outcrops to break open the weather granite. These sites are extremely common in the Namib
Desert and are of high research value when they occur as integrated local settlement patterns (unlike here). The
Arandis sites are therefore of negligible research value.
Prior to the survey described here earlier work in the Arandis area contributed to a cumulative record of
archaeological settlement and occupation over the last half a million years. The high density of archaeological
sites in this area and the fact that several of them have yielded important new evidence means that direct field
survey is advisable where development is proposed on ground that has not been covered before. In the present
case, the field survey of the proposed Arandis Chloralkali Plant and its related linear infrastructure corridors did
not yield any sites of high research value although the sites located in the course of the field survey generally
confirm the results of previous surveys.
Impact assessment:
Nature of impact = DIRECT
Ranking (without mitigation):
SEVERITY= 4-5;
REVERSIBILITY= 5 (Irreversible);
DURATION= 5 (Permanent);
SPATIAL EXTENT= 1 (Site only);
PROBABILITY= 4;
SIGNIFICANCE 60 (all negative)
Notes on impact assessment: Impact on archaeological sites in these circumstances is always high to very high.
Impacts on archaeological sites are never reversible. Likewise, the duration of impact is always permanent in the
case of archaeological sites. Because the sites described here from the proposed Arandis Chloralkali Plant and
its related linear infrastructure corridors do not represent an integrated local distribution the spatial extent of
impact is therefore at the lowest value.
Conclusions and recommendations:
The proposed Arandis Chloralkali Plant will have an impact on a small number of archaeological sites that are of
negligible research value. The area covered by the survey is also extensively disturbed which further reduces its
heritage value. On the basis of the observations presented here it is suggested that implementation of the
proposed project will not have significant consequences for the heritage value of the area. It is therefore
recommended that no further mitigation work should be required but that the National Heritage Council should
be notified of the project and the conclusions presented here.
I hope you will find this report satisfactory and look forward to your further instructions.
Yours sincerely
J. Kinahan PhD
Calculus Commodities (Pty) Ltd
New Chloralkali Plant In Arandis
Environmental Scoping, Impact Assessment And Management Plan Report
RI 301-00845/02 Rev A
10 December 2019
ANNEXURE G
Public Participation
Annexure G- Public Participation
G - 1 - Notice Board Placed on Site
Annexure G- Public Participation
G – 1 Notice Boards Placed Around Arandis
G – 2 Newspaper Advertisements
Namibian 16 October 2019 Namibian 24 October 2019
Republikein 16 October 2019 Republikein 24 October 2019
G – 3 I&AP Database
ORGANISATION / KEY STAKEHOLDER
CONTACT PERSON NOTIFIED BID SENT
Regional Council
Erongo Regional Council Hon Cleophas Mutjavikua 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
Erongo Regional Council Anette Kapapu 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
Arandis Town Council
Environmental Affairs Mr Paulus Moses 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
Property Mr Jan Strauss 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
CEO Mr Stanley Norris 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
Town Planning Officer Mr Silvanus Makili 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
Procurement Officer Ananias Imbangu 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
Ministry of Environment and Tourism
Directorate of Wildlife and Natural Parks
Mr C. Sikopo 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
Department of Environmental Affairs Ms. Rikka Shikongo 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
The National Heritage Council of Namibia
Archaeologist & Rock Art Specialist Dr. Alma Nankela 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
Ministry of Industrialisation, Trade and SME Development
Namibia Investment Centre Ms. Mbolioshili Amoomo 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
Industrial Development Directorate Ms. Ilona Nkandi Asino 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
Department of Trade and Commerce Ms. Ndiitah Nghipondoka Robiati 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry
Executive Director Mr Percy Misika 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
Public Relations Office Margaret Kalo 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
NamPower
Namibia Power Corporation (Proprietary) Limited Mr Simson Haulofu 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
NamWater
Namibia Water Corporation Ltd Nicolaas du Plessis 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
Erongo Red
Erongo Red Mr Nico Niemand 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
Gaingu Conservancy
Mr. J.B Gaomab 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
Other
Sagit Energy Ventures Mich Nieuwoudt 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
Private Sackaria Hafeni Kanalelo 22/10/2019 22/10/2019
Zero Effluent Technologies Malcolm Grant 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
Zambezi Consulting Engineers Abel Mashoko 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
GALEN Absalom Kapenda 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
Sentratek Namibia Ernst Schnaitmann 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
Hada Hoada Investment CC Kevin Hoaeb 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
Private Floris Diergaardt 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
AECI Mining Solutions Namibia
Managing Director Ritzema Nel 22/10/2019
ORGANISATION / KEY STAKEHOLDER
CONTACT PERSON NOTIFIED BID SENT
Chemical Engineer Grant van der Merwe 22/10/2019
Metswako Chemicals Shanin Marks 21/10/2019 21/10/2019
Walvis Bay Salt holdings
SHERQ Manager Vazembua Tjizoo 22/10/2019
Technical Director Corrie Botha 22/10/2019
Rocla Pipes
Sales Consultant Snyman Van Wyk 24/10/2019
Namibia Media Holdings
Coordinator: Investigative Unit Catherine Sasman 24/10/2019
Mr. Stanley Norris – Arandis Town Council CEO:
Mr Norris enquired via email (dated 21 October 2019) whether the town’s project application process was
followed. KP responded via phone call, confirming that a meeting was held with the then acting CEO, and KP
provided the letter issued by Mr. Jan Strauss confirming the property, as well as the inclusion into a town
planning study undertaken by the town planning consultants. KP provided further information about the project
to Mr. Norris as presented on the Calculus website.
Mr. Corrie Botha – Walvis Bay Salt Refiners Technical Consultant:
Mr. Botha sent an email (dated 22 November 2019) in which he expressed interest in exploring a potential
project which may require chlorine from the proposed chloralkali plant, as well as potentially being a supplier
of chemical grade salt to the proposed chloralkali plant. Mr. Botha also requested the contact details of either
the Calculus project leader or marketing manager. KP responded via email providing Mr. Botha with the
contact details of the relevant representative of Calculus who can further assist him.
G - 4 Comments Received
Calculus Commodities (Pty) Ltd
New Chloralkali Plant In Arandis
Environmental Scoping, Impact Assessment And Management Plan Report
RI 301-00845/02 Rev A
10 December 2019
ANNEXURE H
PROOF OF PAYMENT