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How Cells Function
CHAPTER
the BIG idea
CHAPTER OUTLINE
All cells need energy and materials for life processes.
Chemical reactions take place inside cells.
Cells capture and release energy.
Materials move across the cell’s membranes.
CHAPTER RESOURCES
NEW CHAPTER
16.1
16.2
16.3
VOCABULARY
KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME
All cells are made of the same elements. Cells
contain four types of large molecules—
Chemical reactions take place inside cells. 16.1
SECTION
OUTLINE
carbohydrate
chemical reaction
lipid
carbohydrates,
protein
nucleic acid
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
carbohydrates
VOCABULARY
KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME
All cells are made of the same elements. Cells
contain four types of large molecules—
Chemical reactions take place inside cells. 16.1
SECTION
OUTLINE
carbohydrate
chemical reaction
lipid
carbohydrates,
lipids
protein
nucleic acid
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
lipids
VOCABULARY
KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME
All cells are made of the same elements. Cells
contain four types of large molecules—
Chemical reactions take place inside cells. 16.1
SECTION
OUTLINE
carbohydrate
chemical reaction
lipid
carbohydrates,
lipids , proteins
protein
nucleic acid
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
proteins
VOCABULARY
KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME
All cells are made of the same elements. Cells
contain four types of large molecules—
Chemical reactions take place inside cells. 16.1
SECTION
OUTLINE
carbohydrate
chemical reaction
lipid
carbohydrates,
lipids , proteins , and nucleic acids—that support
cell function.
About two thirds of every cell is water. The properties
of water are important to cell function.
protein
nucleic acid
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
nucleic acids
VOCABULARY
KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME
Light
Energy
glucose
Photosynthesis
carbon
dioxide
Cellular
Respiration
water
Chemical
Energy
oxygen
chemical energy
cellular respiration
Cells capture and release energy. 16.2
SECTION
OUTLINE
photosynthesis
chlorophyll
glucose
All cells need energy. Some cells capture light energy
through photosynthesis. All cells release chemical
energy from glucose.
Cellular respiration and fermentation are two ways that
cells release energy from glucose.
fermentation
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
VOCABULARY
KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME
chemical energy
cellular respiration
Cells capture and release energy. 16.2
SECTION
OUTLINE
photosynthesis
chlorophyll
glucose
fermentation
All cells need energy. Some cells capture light energy
through photosynthesis. All cells release chemical
energy from glucose.
Cellular respiration and fermentation are two ways that
cells release energy from glucose.
VISUALIZATION
Examine how plants
use sunlight to make
sugar molecules. CHAPTER
RESOURCES
VOCABULARY
KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME
Materials move across the cell’s membranes. 16.3
SECTION
OUTLINE
Passive transport is the movement of materials from an
area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration. Diffusion and osmosis are examples of
passive transport.
Equal amounts of
oxygen move into
and out of the
cell.
diffusion
passive transport
osmosis
active transport
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
VOCABULARY
KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME
Materials move across the cell’s membranes. 16.3
SECTION
OUTLINE
Passive transport is the movement of materials from an
area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration. Diffusion and osmosis are examples of
passive transport.
Active transport is the movement of materials from an area
of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.
Cells need energy to perform active transport.
diffusion
passive transport
osmosis
active transport
energy
salt
inside
cell
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
VOCABULARY
KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME
Materials move across the cell’s membranes. 16.3
SECTION
OUTLINE
diffusion
passive transport
osmosis
active transport
Passive transport is the movement of materials from an
area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration. Diffusion and osmosis are examples of
passive transport.
Active transport is the movement of materials from an area
of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.
Cells need energy to perform active transport.
VISUALIZATION
Observe active
transport at work. CHAPTER
RESOURCES
VOCABULARY
KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME
I. Chemical reactions take place inside cells.
A. All cells are made of the same elements.
C. About two thirds of every cell is water.
16.1
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
Chemical reactions take place inside cells.
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
B. Large molecules support cell function.
carbohydrate
chemical reaction
lipid
protein
nucleic acid
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
VOCABULARY
KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME
16.2
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
Cells capture and release energy.
II. Cells capture and release energy.
A. All cells need energy.
B. Some cells capture light energy.
1. Cellular Respiration
2. Fermentation
3. Energy and Exercise
chemical energy
cellular respiration
photosynthesis
chlorophyll
glucose
fermentation
C. All cells release energy.
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
VOCABULARY
KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME
III. Materials move across the cell’s membranes.
A. Some materials move by diffusion.
1. Active Transport
2. Endocytosis
B. Some transport requires energy.
16.3
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
Materials move across the cell’s membranes.
diffusion
passive transport
osmosis
active transport
1. Concentration
2. Diffusion in Cells
3. Osmosis
3. Exocytosis
C. Cell size affects transport.
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
CHAPTER HOME
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VISUALIZATION
Examine how plants
use sunlight to make
sugar molecules.
VISUALIZATION
Observe active
transport at work.
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