new cebu, philippines’ groundwater resources: an overview · 2013. 6. 11. · an overview...

Lasaro P. Salvacion Lasaro P. Salvacion

Water Resources Knowledge Center Water Resources Knowledge Center

Metro Cebu Water DistrictMetro Cebu Water District

Cebu CityCebu City

Cebu,PhilippineCebu,Philippiness

Metro Cebu, Philippines’ Groundwater Resources:An Overview

Geographical Location Japan

China

Russia

IndonesiaMalaysia

Hong Kong

Thailand

PhilippinesVietnam

796 sq. km64% @ 18-30% slopes12% @ 30-50% slopes1.9 mil people

MONTHLY RAINFALLTABUNAN STATION

0.00

200.00

400.00

600.00

800.00

1000.00

1200.00

J/78J/79J/80 J/81J/82J/83J/84J/85J/86J/87J/88J/89J/90J/91J/92J/93J/94J/95J/96J/97J/98J/99J/00J/01J/02J/03J/04J/05J/06

1978-2001

M ONTHLY READINGS

RAINFALL – 27 stations

Historical Pan EvaporationTalamban Station

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

4/1/

1977

4/1/

1978

4/1/

1979

4/1/

1980

4/1/

1981

4/1/

1982

4/1/

1983

4/1/

1984

4/1/

1985

4/1/

1986

4/1/

1987

4/1/

1988

4/1/

1989

4/1/

1990

4/1/

1991

4/1/

1992

4/1/

1993

4/1/

1994

4/1/

1995

4/1/

1996

4/1/

1997

4/1/

1998

4/1/

1999

4/1/

2000

4/1/

2001

4/1/

2002

4/1/

2003

period

mm

EVAPORATION – 8 stations

Mananga Riverflow Hydrograph

0.000

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

12.000

14.000

period

cub

ic m

eter

s /s

ec

RIVERFLOWS – 6 stations

Wat er Level Hydr ogr aph

M C WD Obser vat i on Wel l s

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

45.00

50.00

J/77 J/78 J/79 J/80 J/81 J/82 J/83 J/84 J/85 J/86 J/87 J/88 J/89 J/90 J/91 J/92 J/93 J/94 J/95 J/96 J/97 J/98 J/99 J/00 J/01 J/02 J/03 J/04 J/05 J/06 J/07

Liloan ( SV7 ) Compost ela ( W3 . 1) Con solacion ( K4 . 4 )

Can duman ( K2 . 3 ) T alamban ( W4 . 5 ) Lagt an g, Talisay ( W2 . 3 )

AQUIFER STORAGE CHANGE – 70 obs.wells

Hydrometeorologic and Hydrogeologic monitoring

Monitoring Network MAP

River Basins

• 3 Major rivers /watersheds

Mananga

• Mananga River• Area - 76 sq.km• Estimated Yield

100 – 125 cum/d

Kotkot

• Kotkot River• Area - 67 sq.km• Estimated Yield

90 – 100 cum/d

Lusaran

• Balamban River• Area - 65 sq.km• Estimated Yield

130 - 160 cum/d

SurfaceWater Potential

Groundwater Aquifer and Potential

≈ 110‐150 T m3 / day

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MAC1

MAC5

MAC4

K2.4

MAC3

MCWD Q 2010 ≈ 120,000 m3

MCWD Groundwater Extraction

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

Jan-

89

Jan-

90

Jan-

91

Jan-

92

Jan-

93

Jan-

94

Jan-

95

Jan-

96

Jan-

97

Jan-

98

Jan-

99

Jan-

00

Jan-

01

Jan-

02

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03

Jan-

04

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05

Jan-

06

Jan-

07

Jan-

08

Jan-

09

months / year

cub

ic m

eter

s /

day

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Supply Area / Demand

54 % demand4 cities4 municipalities

45 % of total groundwater extraction

55% unmonitored and uncontrolled extraction

Sources /Major

Facilities

• Buhisan Dam• Mananga

weir Dam• 110 deepwells

/12 wellfields

• 66 feeding 6 reservoirs

• 44 direct to the system

Production

• 120,000 cum/d• 97% ground

water

Major Issues and Challenges Threatening Groundwater Resources and Consequences

UNKNOWN

Saltwater Intrusion and Its Extent

Salinity Map based on well sampling of chloride

Mining the Aquifer

Total Extraction > Potential

2x of potential yield383

1.Fragmented Water Resources Management;

“ Business as Usual Won’t Do Good Business anymore, What is Needed forFresh Water is Fresh Thinking and CrispActions.”

Fragmented planning in the area of land use and development affecting recharge, run-off and water quality.

Major Issues and Challenges Threatening Groundwater Resources

1. Fragmented Water Resources Management;


Poor river basin management resulting to degradation of river systems affecting quantity and quality of surface water that can possibly affect groundwater aquifer.

2. Lack of Strong Groundwater Management Decision Support Systems


Unclear aquifer potential limits further ground water development and is a hindrance to regulation;

Relationship between river basin potential and groundwater aquifer need to be discovered

3. Rapid Unsustainable Development

Increase in water demand;

Reduction of recharge areas specially on thecoastal areas,

Increasing solid waste and water polluting materials like nitrate contaminants from human waste.



;

4. Effects of Climate Change

Effects of climate change on sea levels that can possibly increase sea water intrusion;

Changes in precipitation pattern that can affect infiltration and river characteristics.


;5. Political Interventions

Major Consequences

• Saltwater Intrusion

• Overpumping/ Groundwater Mining;

• Pollution from Domestic waste (Nitrate Contamination);

• Prohibitive cost of drinking water;

• Economic degradation.

Policy responses to mitigate the groundwater problems and difficulties (2)

• Well Drilling Moratorium (National agency Action w/ Metro Manila);

• Well Inventory – GW Extraction Surveys;

• Salinity Surveys;

• Adoption of Groundwater modeling as GWM tool;

• Strengthening collaboration with local government units in terms of improving water information, regulation and protection. The three main actors in the regulation efforts are the NWRB (National water Resources Board, Local Govt. Units, Water Districts/Providers;

• Importing water from outside of service area;

• Exploring the development of surface water sources and brackish water sources.

Policy Responses to Mitigate the Groundwater Problems and Difficulties

Barriers of Implementation

•Water Laws and Policies that Need Strengthening;

•Implementing Agencies that Need to be Supported;;

•Overlapping Responsibilities and Fragmented Management by Many Water Related Agencies;

•Political Intervention;

•Financial constraints.

Policy Supports or Areas that Need Policy Intervention to Increase Groundwater Resource Sustainability

Empowerment of local agencies and/or true collaboration with local agencies having technical expertise and resources with real stake in groundwater sources;

Provision of financial support for groundwater protection and regulation

Imposition of stiffer penalties for violators.

Expectation from the regional knowledge hub for groundwater management

•Enhance Technical Capability / Competence of Groundwater Management Practitioners;

•A depository of experiences and technical know‐how that can be shared and imparted to network members,

Thank you.

new cebu, philippines’ groundwater resources: an overview · 2013. 6. 11. · an overview...

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