new 第24回健康・長寿記録集本文 · 2019. 2. 12. · more than 1,000 compounds in tea...

��

��

��

��

�

��

��

��

�

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

��Challenges and Opportunities in Tea Research:

Do we need detailed informationto know that tea is a healthy beverage?

Robert M. Hackman, PhD

Research Professor

Department of Nutrition

University of California, Davis

Outline

Tea biochemistry

Research challenges

New studies

Please answer your question!

Drink to your health!

More than 1,000 compounds in tea

FlavonoidsCatechins,including oligomers and polymers

Amino acidsTheanine

MethylxanthinesCaffeine

CarbohydratesTea polysaccharides

VitaminsThiamin, vitamin E

MineralsFluoride, copper

Hundreds of flavor and aroma compounds

Phenolics and polyphenols in tea

8,000+ phenolics identified

Some are bioactiveFlavonoid category

Flavanols

Eur Heart Journal 21:2583-92, 2010

Many flavonoids in foods

UV RadiationTemperature

Drought

HerbivoresParasitesPathogens

Secondary Metabolites

Blood flow

Vasorelaxation

Platelet aggregation

Nitric oxide

(-)-epicatechin

Catechin

Procyanidin B2 Theobromine

Cocoa

Cocoa Polyphenols

(-)-epicatechin metabolism

Nature Scientific Reports 6:29034, 2016

Humans and rodents metabolize (-)-epicatechin differently

Implications for research results and future directions

Nature Scientific Reports 6:29034, 2016

14C-epicatechin metabolites in plasma of mouse, rat and human

��

��Climate

UV RadiationDrought

HerbivoresParasitesPathogens

?

Secondary Metabolites Food Function 7:4481-91, 2016

Tea polyphenols

Green tea polysaccharides are bioactive

Limited research

More needed

Why is studying tea so challenging?

Type

Processing method

Brewing method

In order to know the effects in humans, testing must be done in humans

Why is studying tea so challenging?

Transformation of tea catechins in the GI tract

Secondary metabolism by gut microbes

What is the relationship between what goes in the

and what is active in the body?

New studies on green tea

Tea consumption and all-cause mortality

Green tea

1 cup/day increment associated with 5% lower risk of CVD mortality and 4% lower risk of all-cause mortality

Black tea

All-cause mortality

Decreased up to 2.5 cups/day

Increased with 3+ cups/day

British J Nutr 114:673-683, 2015

Green tea and blood pressure

Meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials

European Journal of Nutrition 53:1299-1311, 2014

Systolic blood pressure

Diastolic blood pressure

Benefits greatest in people with systolic bp > 130

Substituing Tea or Coffee forSugar Sweetened Beverages

The Epic Population Study 8 Countries in Europe

27,662 people

1992-2007

12,33 cases of type-2 diabetes

Drinking tea rather than SSBs estimated to lower Type-2 diabetes by 22%

Journal of Nutrition 2019 doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz156

��

Green tea and cancer rates in Japan

11-year study of 8,552 women and men

Green tea intake120 mL (4 oz)/cup

Smoking dataCancer rate

Molecules and Cells 41:73-82, 2018

Women10+ cups/d associated with later onset

MenNo significant differences

4 oz 8 oz 16 oz

Green tea, cognition and mood

L-Theanine

Amino acid that increases brain dopamine and serotonin

Neurotransmitters associated with relaxation and mental focus

Green tea, cognition and mood

L-Theanine

Amino acid that increases brain dopamine and serotonin

Neurotransmitters associated with relaxation and mental focus

Matcha tea cultivation

Shade stimulates production of theanineand caffeine

Entire leaf (not stem or veins) is ground and consumed

Polyphenol and fiber profile different than brewed tea

Brain super-food?

Nutrients 10:1468, 2018

39 University of Shizuoka students

Stress measured before and during internship at hospital or pharmacy

Tea consumed daily Test-matcha or placebo-matcha

Salivary alpha-amylase as stress marker

Nutrients 10:1468, 2018


Stress measured before and during internship at hospital or pharmacy

Tea consumed daily Test-matcha or placebo-matcha

Salivary alpha-amylase as stress marker

Less stress with matcha

Heliyon 2019.e01653


Before and during internship at hospital or pharmacy

Test matcha (4.5 g) cookies or placebo cookies consumed daily

Salivary alpha-amylase as stress marker, measured in morning and evening

Less stress with matcha

Caffeine/theanine ratio important

Matcha in foods and beverages

��

��

Taste, function, or both?

Nippon.com 12 Feb 2019

Green tea EXTRACT, rich in EGCG,and serum lipids in postmenopausal women

Capsules containing EGCG equivalent to ~ five 8-oz.cups of green tea

Consumed daily for 12 weeks

American J Clinical Nutrition 104:1671-82, 2016

Total cholesterol

HDL

LDL

UC Davis

Four pillars

Innovations in agriculture

Health & wellness

Social good

Cultural understanding

Comprehensive approach to the study of tea culture and science

globaltea.ucdavis.edu

UC DavisGlobal Tea InitiativeColloquium 2020

Please join us! January 16-17, 2020

Do we need detailed informationto know that tea is a healthy beverage?

Moderate, regular intake NO

Concentrates and supplements DEPENDS

Addition to foods or beverages TASTE

New product development -EXCITING

Summary

The chemistry of tea is complex

Health benefits of tea are challenging to quantify

Tea extracts offer promise for health promotion

Matcha offers great promise for health promotion

Drink to your health!

��

��

new 第24回健康・長寿記録集 本文 · 2019. 2. 12. · more than 1,000 compounds in tea...

Documents

new 第24回健康・長寿記録集本文 · 2019. 2. 12. · more than 1,000 compounds in tea...