new bush honeysuckle control options and strategies mipn... · 2015. 7. 30. · bush honeysuckle...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and
Strategies
Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and
Strategies
Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester
Zach Lowe, Assistant Professor, Restoration Ecology
Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester
Zach Lowe, Assistant Professor, Restoration Ecology
Southern Indiana CWMA
![Page 2: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Selecting Control Methods
• Suite of invasive species• Range of sizes of invasive trees and
shrubs• Numbers of plants or size of area
needing treatment• Operational environment • Availability of equipment, labor, and
money• Desire to prevent damage to native
vegetation
![Page 3: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Selecting Control Methods
• No one treatment will do it all!• Integrated Vegetation Management (IVM)
![Page 4: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Invasive Brush ControlPrevention• Maintain healthy forest• Integrate invasive mgt. with forest
mgt. plan
![Page 5: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Invasive Brush Control
Early Detection• Learn to i.d.• 1-3 years walk or
ride property to monitor
![Page 6: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Bush Honeysuckle Control
Rapid ResponseSearch & Destroy
MissionsHand pulling/grubbingSpot treatments
![Page 7: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Woody Vegetation Control
Six Herbicide Delivery Methods
1. Cut Stump2. Basal Bark3. Injection4. Foliar5. Dormant Stem
Spray6. Soil
![Page 8: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
1. Cut Stump1. Cut Stump
![Page 9: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Hand or Machine Cutting – No Herbicide
• Resprouting. • Treat in spring and
again late summer. • Avoid cutting in
winter as it encourages most vigorous resprouting
• Most effective with shade-growing shrubs.
• Labor intensive• Disturbance
![Page 11: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Cut Stump
Rathfon & Ruble (2006) Purdue FNR and Vigo Co. Parks Dept. Research 2002/03:
• Cut stump treatments very effective for shrubs 8’ and taller.
• Tordon/Pathway and 20% Garlon 4 in oil carrier equally effective – 100%
• Some non-target species affected by Pathway – Tulip-poplar.
![Page 12: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Cut Stump - PathwayCut Stump - Pathway
![Page 13: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Lowe, Weeks, Holt, and Parker (2007) Cut Surface Invasive Brush
Control. Purdue Wildlife Area, March 2003
0102030405060708090
100
% C
ontr
ol
Control
100%
AX-IT
20% G
4
20% G
4+1%
S
20% G
4+3%
S
15%G4+
1%S
15%G4+
3%S
10% G
4+3%
S
BHSAO
![Page 14: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Large scale and mechanized treatment options
Brown Brush Monitor
– Cuts up to 2 -3 inch stems
– Debris thrown from the cutting chamber
– Herbicide sprayed in a 2nd chamber and wiped across cut stump surfaces
![Page 15: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Large scale and mechanized treatment options
SIPAC, April 2006Skid SteerCut up to 6 - 8” base dia.
Spray stumps with herbicide using backpack sprayer
Follow-up foliar
![Page 16: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Large scale and mechanized treatment options
![Page 17: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
2. Basal Bark Spray2. Basal Bark Spray
![Page 18: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
General RecommendationsGeneral Recommendations
Basal Bark SprayBasal Bark Spray–– Shrubs >4Shrubs >4’’ talltall–– 20% 20% triclopyrtriclopyr ester (ester (GarlonGarlon 4) in oil carrier 4) in oil carrier –– 12 12 -- 18 inch band to root collar on all sides 18 inch band to root collar on all sides
(depending on size)(depending on size)•• Year roundYear round
–– Avoid when bark wet or frozenAvoid when bark wet or frozen–– Inconsistent results reportedInconsistent results reported
![Page 19: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Basal Bark SprayBasal Bark Spray
• 6 Treatment application times/seasons
• 5 Herbicide rates/combinations
• 4 Oil diluents• 2 BHS sizes
![Page 20: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Herbicide Treatments
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
1
Jul-04 Sep-04
Nov-04
Jan-05 Mar-05
May-05
Prop
ortio
n B
HS
Kill
ed
20% Garlon 41% Stalker20% G4 + 1% S3% Stalker15% G4 + 3% S
91.9oF 48.9oF
![Page 21: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Herbicide x Oil Diluent Treatments
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
1
20%Garl
on 41%
Stalke
r20
%G4+1%
S3%
Stalke
r15
%G4+3%
S
Herbicide Treatments
Prop
ortio
n K
illed
DieselAX-ITJLB PlusArborchem
![Page 22: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Lowe, Weeks, Holt, and Parker (2007) Basal Bark Invasive Brush
Control. Purdue Wildlife Area, March 2003
0102030405060708090
100
% C
ontr
ol
100%
Ax-i
t
20%Garl
on 4
20%G4+
1%S
20%G4+
3%S
15%G4+
1%S
15%G4+
3%S
10%G4+
3%S
BHSAOMFR
![Page 23: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
3. Injection3. Injection
![Page 24: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
K.M. Hartman and B.C. McCarthy 2004 Southern Ohio
K.M. Hartman and B.C. McCarthy 2004 Southern Ohio
Two Treatments for Bush Honeysuckle
1. Cut Stump painted with 50% glyphosate
2. EZ-Ject lance injection with 83.5% glyphosate
Native tree seedlings planted
![Page 25: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
K.M. Hartman and B.C. McCarthy 2004 Southern Ohio
K.M. Hartman and B.C. McCarthy 2004 Southern Ohio
Two Treatments for Bush Honeysuckle – applied March 1994
1. Cut Stump painted with 50% glyphosate
94% mortality2. EZ-Ject lance
injection with 83.5% glyphosate
95% mortality Brian McCarthy, Ohio University
![Page 26: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
4. Foliar4. Foliar
![Page 27: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
General RecommendationsBackpack Low Volume Foliar Herbicide
Application:• Shrubs up to 8’ tall• 1 - 2% Glyphosate (RoundUp,
Glypro, Accord) foliar.• 1 – 2% Triclopyr (Garlon 3A, Garlon
4) foliar. • May – Oct.• Thorough coverage, no runoff.
![Page 28: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Asian Bush Honeysuckle
Growth Habits• Leafs out very
early before most native plants
• One of last plants to drop leaves in the fall (early to late Nov., central Indiana)
![Page 29: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Bush Honeysuckle Control Using 3 Herbicide Treatments x 2
Timing Combinations
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
SprTric
loSprT
riclo+Im
az
SprGlyp
h
FalTric
loFalT
riclo+Im
az
FalGlyp
h
Prop
ortio
n
Mortality GT 50% Damage LT 50% Damage
aa
b
Mortality F=12.2, p=0.0002, =0.05a a a
4% G
arlon 3A
3% G
arlon 3A
1/8% Arse
nal
5% G
lypro
Plus
4% G
arlon 3A
3% G
arlon 3A
1/8% Arse
nal
4% G
lypro
Plus
![Page 30: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
4% GlyproPlus, Low Volume Backpack
Nov. 4, 2002 Terre Haute, IN
4% GlyproPlus, Low Volume Backpack
Nov. 4, 2002 Terre Haute, IN
![Page 31: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
4% Garlon 3A, Low Volume Backpack Nov. 4, 2002
Terre Haute, IN
4% Garlon 3A, Low Volume Backpack Nov. 4, 2002
Terre Haute, IN
![Page 32: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Late Season High Volume Foliar Treatments
Southern Indiana– Herbicide– Herbicide
Rate– Application
Timing
![Page 33: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Foliar Applied Herbicide Combinations for Bush Honeysuckle Control – November 2005, Dubois County
0.000.100.200.300.400.500.600.700.800.901.00
1% G
lypro
Plus2%
Glyp
roPlus
4% G
lypro
Plus0.1
25% A
rsenal
0.25%
Arse
nal0.5
% Ars
enal
1% G
lypro
Plus+0.1
25% A
r...
Prop
ortio
n K
illed
7-Nov14-Nov21-Nov
NO
TR
T
NO
TR
T
NO
TR
T
NO
TR
T
![Page 34: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
1% GlyproPlus, High Volume Nov. 8, 2005 Dubois Co.
1% GlyproPlus, High Volume Nov. 8, 2005 Dubois Co.
![Page 35: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
4% GlyproPlus, High Volume Nov. 21, 2005 Dubois Co.
4% GlyproPlus, High Volume Nov. 21, 2005 Dubois Co.
![Page 36: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
• Log skidder or dozer mounted– RadiArc Sprayer
James H. Miller, USDA Forest Service
![Page 37: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
• Boomless sprayers
James H. Miller, USDA Forest Service
![Page 38: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
• Serious Weed Control
John D. Byrd, Mississippi State University
![Page 39: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Large scale and mechanized treatment options
Brush hog/Hydroax/Kershaw
– Good for open areas
– More difficult in heavily stocked forest stands
![Page 40: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Large scale and mechanized treatment options
• Lowe et al. (2007)– Brush hog/
Hydroax– Follow up with
foliar herbicide treatment.• Habitat + Krenite• Habitat + Krenite
+ Escort• Habitat + Accord
![Page 41: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
5. Dormant Stem Low VolumeLowe, Weeks, Holt, and Parker (2007)
Dormant Stem Low Volume Invasive Brush Control. Purdue Wildlife Area, March 2003– 4% Ax-it + 1.5% triclopyr (Garlon 4) +
0.25% nonionic surfactant + 0.125% imazapyr (Stalker) in water
– Applied March 2004– 100% control of BHS, AO, and MFR
![Page 42: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Large scale and mechanized treatment options
Prescribed Fire• Fire adapted
communities• Spring burn
preferable to fall burn
• Lack of fuel in spring and under large BHS thickets
• Potential damage to overstory trees
• Follow up with foliar herbicide
![Page 43: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: New Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies MIPN... · 2015. 7. 30. · Bush Honeysuckle Control Options and Strategies Strategies Ron Rathfon, Extension Forester Zach Lowe,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071215/60448416981f856a0d6bdac7/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Operational ApplicationOperational Application
• Use a combination of treatments • Follow up treatments• Use a combination of treatments • Follow up treatments
Southern Indiana CWMA