new binder specification superpave...superpave asphalt binderspecification the grading system is...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Asphalt Cements
- New Superpave
Performance Graded
Specification
![Page 2: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
PG Specifications
• Fundamental properties related to
pavement performance
• Environmental factors
• In-service & construction temperatures
• Short and long term aging
![Page 3: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
PG Specifications
• Based on rheological testing
– Rheology: study of flow and deformation
• Asphalt cement is a viscoelastic material
• Behavior depends on:
– Temperature
– Time of loading
– Aging (properties change with time)
![Page 4: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
High Temperature Behavior
• High in-service temperature
– Desert climates
– Summer temperatures
• Sustained loads
– Slow moving trucks
– Intersections
Viscous Liquid
![Page 5: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Pavement Behavior
(Warm Temperatures)
• Permanent deformation (rutting)
• Mixture is plastic
• Depends on asphalt source, additives,
and aggregate properties
![Page 6: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Permanent Deformation
Function of warm weather and traffic
Courtesy of FHWA
![Page 7: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Low Temperature Behavior
• Low Temperature
– Cold climates
– Winter
• Rapid Loads
– Fast moving trucks
Elastic Solid
s = t E
Hooke’s Law
![Page 8: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Pavement Behavior
(Low Temperatures)
• Thermal cracks
– Stress generated by contraction due to
drop in temperature
– Crack forms when thermal stresses
exceed ability of material to relieve
stress through deformation
• Material is brittle
• Depends on source of asphalt and
aggregate properties
![Page 9: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Thermal Cracking
Courtesy of FHWA
![Page 10: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Aging
• Asphalt reacts with oxygen
– “oxidative” or “age hardening”
• Short term
– Volatilization of specific components
– During construction process
• Long term
– Over life of pavement (in-service)
![Page 11: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Superpave Asphalt Binder Specification
The grading system is based on Climate
PG 64 - 22
Performance
Grade
Average 7-day max
pavement temperature
Min pavement
temperature
![Page 12: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Pavement Temperatures are Calculated
• Calculated by Superpave software
• High temperature
– 20 mm below the surface of mixture
• Low temperature
– at surface of mixture
Pave temp = f (air temp, depth, latitude)
![Page 13: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
RV DSR BBR
Construction
Tests Used in PG Specifications
![Page 14: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Concentric Cylinder
Concentric Cylinder Rheometers
t Rq = Mi
2 p Ri2 L
g =
W R
Ro - Ri
![Page 15: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Rotational Viscometer
(Brookfield)
Inner Cylinder
Torque Motor
Thermosel
Environmental
Chamber
Digital Temperature
Controller
![Page 16: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
RV
DSR
BBR
Original Properties, Rutting, and Fatigue
![Page 17: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR)
• Parallel Plate Shear flow varies with
gap height and radius
Non-homogeneous flow
gR =
R Q
h
tR =
2 M
p R3
![Page 18: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18 1 cycle
Time A
A
B
C
C
A
B
Fixed Plate
Oscillating Plate
Test operates at 10 rad/sec
or 1.59 Hz
360o = 2 p radians per circle
1 rad = 57.3o
![Page 19: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Elastic Viscous
Time A
A
B
C
Strain
Strain in-phase
d = 0o
Strain out-of-phase
d = 90o
![Page 20: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Viscous Modulus, G”
Storage Modulus, G’
Complex Modulus, G*
d
Complex Modulus is the vector sum of the
storage and viscous modulus
![Page 21: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
DSR Equipment DSR
Equipment Computer Control
and Data
Acquisition
![Page 22: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Area for
Liquid Bath
Motor
Parallel Plates
with Sample
![Page 23: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
25 mm Plate with Sample
![Page 24: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
RV
DSR
BBR
Rutting
![Page 25: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Permanent Deformation
Addressed by:
G*/sin d on unaged binder > 1.00 kPa
G*/sin d on RTFO aged binder > 2.20 kPa
For the early part
of the service life
![Page 26: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Short Term Binder Aging
• Rolling Thin Film Oven
– Simulates aging from hot mixing and construction
![Page 27: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Inside of RTFO
Fan
Air Line
Rotating
Bottle
Carriage
![Page 28: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Bottles Before and After Testing
Opening in
Bottle
![Page 29: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Testing
• Calculate mass loss after RTFO
• Determine G*/sin d for RTFO aged material at
same test temp. used for original asphalt
cement
Mass loss, % =
Original mass - Aged mass
Original mass
x 100
![Page 30: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Question: Why a minimum G*/sin d to
address rutting
Answer: We want a stiff, elastic binder to
contribute to mix rutting resistance
How: By increasing G* or decreasing d
Permanent Deformation
![Page 31: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
RV
DSR
BBR
Fatigue
![Page 32: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
Fatigue Cracking
Function of repeated traffic loads over time
(in wheel paths)
![Page 33: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
Testing
• Aged binder
– Since long term performance problem,
include:
• Short term aging
• Long term aging
• Determine DSR parameters using 8 mm
plate and intermediate test temperature
![Page 34: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
Pressure Aging Vessel
(Long Term Aging)
• Simulates aging of an asphalt binder
for 7 to 10 years
• 50 gram sample is aged for 20 hours
• Pressure of 2,070 kPa (300 psi)
• At 90, 100 or 110 C
![Page 35: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
Bottom of
pressure aging
vessel
Rack of individual pans
(50g of asphalt / pan)
Pressure Aging Vessel
Vessel Lid Components
![Page 36: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
Pressure Aging Vessel
Courtesy of FHWA
![Page 37: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
Fatigue Cracking
• G* (sin d) on RTFO and PAV aged binder
• The parameter addresses the later part of
the fatigue life
• Value must be < 5000 kPa
![Page 38: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
Fatigue Cracking
• Question: Why a maximum G* sin d to
address fatigue?
Answer: We want a soft elastic binder (to
sustain many loads without cracking)
How: By decreasing G* or decreasing d
![Page 39: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
RV DSR
BBR
Thermal
Cracking
![Page 40: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
Bending Beam Rheometer
Air Bearing
Load Cell
Deflection Transducer
Fluid Bath
Computer
![Page 41: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41
Bending Beam Rheometer Sample
![Page 42: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42
Bending Beam Rheometer Equipment
Cooling
System
Fluid Bath Loading
Ram
![Page 43: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43
Bending Beam Rheometer
• S(t) = P L3
4 b h3 d (t)
Where:
S(t) = creep stiffness (M Pa) at time, t
P = applied constant load, N
L = distance between beam supports (102 mm)
b = beam width, 12.5 mm
h = beam thickness, 6.25 mm
d(t) = deflection (mm) at time, t
![Page 44: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44
Bending Beam Rheometer
• Evaluates low temperature stiffness
properties
– Creep stiffness
– Slope of response (called m-value)
8 15 30 60 120 240
Log Creep
Stiffness, S(t)
Log Loading Time, t (sec)
![Page 45: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45
Is Stiffness Enough?
• No. Need to assess strain needed to
break specimen.
– Thermal cracking occurs when strain is
too great
• Direct tension test
– Currently (1998) in specification
• New equipment is now available
![Page 46: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46
Direct Tension Test
D Le
D L
Load
Stress = s = P / A
Strain ef
sf
![Page 47: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47
FHWA
Direct Tension Test
Courtesy of FHWA
![Page 48: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
48
Direct Tension Test
Courtesy of FHWA
![Page 49: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49
Summary
Fatigue
Cracking Rutting
RTFO
Short Term Aging No aging
Construction
[RV] [DSR]
Low Temp
Cracking
[BBR]
[DTT]
PAV
Long Term Aging
![Page 50: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Superpave Binder
Purchase
Specification
![Page 51: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Superpave Asphalt Binder
Specification
The grading system is based on Climate
PG 64 - 22
Performance
Grade
Average 7-day max
pavement temperature
Min pavement
temperature
![Page 52: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 PG 70 PG 76 PG 82
(Rotational Viscosity) RV
90 90 100 100 100 (110) 100 (110) 110 (110)
(Flash Point) FP
46 52 58 64 70 76 82
46 52 58 64 70 76 82
(ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN) RTFO Mass Loss < 1.00 %
(Direct Tension) DT
(Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR Physical Hardening
2
8
-34 -40 -46 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -46 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34
-10 -16 -22 -28 -34
Avg 7-day Max, oC
1-day Min, oC
(PRESSURE AGING VESSEL) PAV
ORIGINAL
> 1.00 kPa
< 5000 kPa
> 2.20 kPa
S < 300 MPa m > 0.300
Report Value
> 1.00 %
20 Hours, 2.07 MPa
10 7 4 25 22 19 16 13 10 7 25 22 19 16 13 31 28 25 22 19 16 34 31 28 25 22 19 37 34 31 28 25 40 37 34 31
(Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G* sin d
( Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR “S” Stiffness & “m”- value
-24 -30 -36 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24
0 -6 -12 -18 -24
-24 -30 -36 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -
24 0 -6 -12 -18 -24
Performance Grades
(Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin d
(Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin d
< 3 Pa.s @ 135 oC
> 230 oC
CEC
![Page 53: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 PG 70 PG 76 PG 82
(Rotational Viscosity) RV
90 90 100 100 100 (110) 100 (110) 110 (110)
(Flash Point) FP
46 52 58 64 70 76 82
46 52 58 64 70 76 82
(ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN) RTFO Mass Loss < 1.00 %
(Direct Tension) DT
(Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR Physical Hardening
2
8
-34 -40 -46 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -46 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34
-10 -16 -22 -28 -34
Avg 7-day Max, oC
1-day Min, oC
(PRESSURE AGING VESSEL) PAV
ORIGINAL
< 5000 kPa
> 2.20 kPa
S < 300 MPa m > 0.300
Report Value
> 1.00 %
20 Hours, 2.07 MPa
10 7 4 25 22 19 16 13 10 7 25 22 19 16 13 31 28 25 22 19 16 34 31 28 25 22 19 37 34 31 28 25 40 37 34 31
(Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G* sin d
( Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR “S” Stiffness & “m”- value
-24 -30 -36 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24
0 -6 -12 -18 -24
-24 -30 -36 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -
24 0 -6 -12 -18 -24
How the PG Spec Works
(Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin d
(Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin d
< 3 Pa.s @ 135 oC
> 230 oC
CEC
58 64
Test Temperature
Changes
Spec Requirement
Remains Constant
> 1.00 kPa
![Page 54: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 PG 70 PG 76 PG 82
(Rotational Viscosity) RV
90 90 100 100 100 (110) 100 (110) 110 (110)
(Flash Point) FP
46 52 58 64 70 76 82
46 52 58 64 70 76 82
(ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN) RTFO Mass Loss < 1.00 %
(Direct Tension) DT
(Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR Physical Hardening
2
8
-34 -40 -46 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -46 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34
-10 -16 -22 -28 -34
Avg 7-day Max, oC
1-day Min, oC
(PRESSURE AGING VESSEL) PAV
ORIGINAL
< 5000 kPa
S < 300 MPa m > 0.300
Report Value
> 1.00 %
20 Hours, 2.07 MPa
10 7 4 25 22 19 16 13 10 7 25 22 19 16 13 31 28 25 22 19 16 34 31 28 25 22 19 37 34 31 28 25 40 37 34 31
(Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G* sin d
( Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR “S” Stiffness & “m”- value
-24 -30 -36 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24
0 -6 -12 -18 -24
-24 -30 -36 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -
24 0 -6 -12 -18 -24
Permanent Deformation
(Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin d
(Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin d
< 3 Pa.s @ 135 oC
> 230 oC
CEC
> 1.00 kPa
> 2.20 kPa •Unaged
•RTFO Aged
![Page 55: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Permanent Deformation
• Addressed by high temp stiffness
– G*/sin d on unaged binder > 1.00 kPa
– G*/sin d on RTFO aged binder > 2.20 kPa
> Early part of
pavement
service life
Heavy Trucks
![Page 56: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 PG 70 PG 76 PG 82
(Rotational Viscosity) RV
90 90 100 100 100 (110) 100 (110) 110 (110)
(Flash Point) FP
46 52 58 64 70 76 82
46 52 58 64 70 76 82
(ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN) RTFO Mass Loss < 1.00 %
(Direct Tension) DT
(Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR Physical Hardening
2
8
-34 -40 -46 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -46 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34
-10 -16 -22 -28 -34
Avg 7-day Max, oC
1-day Min, oC
(PRESSURE AGING VESSEL) PAV
ORIGINAL
> 1.00 kPa
> 2.20 kPa
S < 300 MPa m > 0.300
Report Value
> 1.00 %
20 Hours, 2.07 MPa
10 7 4 25 22 19 16 13 10 7 25 22 19 16 13 31 28 25 22 19 16 34 31 28 25 22 19 37 34 31 28 25 40 37 34 31
(Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G* sin d
( Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR “S” Stiffness & “m”- value
-24 -30 -36 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24
0 -6 -12 -18 -24
-24 -30 -36 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -
24 0 -6 -12 -18 -24
Fatigue Cracking
(Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin d
(Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin d
< 3 Pa.s @ 135 oC
> 230 oC
CEC
< 5000 kPa
PAV Aged
![Page 57: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Fatigue Cracking
• Addressed by intermediate
temperature stiffness
–G*sin d on RTFO & PAV
aged binder < 5000 kPa
> Later part of
pavement service life
![Page 58: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 PG 70 PG 76 PG 82
(Rotational Viscosity) RV
90 90 100 100 100 (110) 100 (110) 110 (110)
(Flash Point) FP
46 52 58 64 70 76 82
46 52 58 64 70 76 82
(ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN) RTFO Mass Loss < 1.00 %
(Direct Tension) DT
(Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR Physical Hardening
2
8
-34 -40 -46 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -46 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34
-10 -16 -22 -28 -34
Avg 7-day Max, oC
1-day Min, oC
(PRESSURE AGING VESSEL) PAV
ORIGINAL
> 1.00 kPa
< 5000 kPa
> 2.20 kPa
20 Hours, 2.07 MPa
10 7 4 25 22 19 16 13 10 7 25 22 19 16 13 31 28 25 22 19 16 34 31 28 25 22 19 37 34 31 28 25 40 37 34 31
(Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G* sin d
( Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR “S” Stiffness & “m”- value
-24 -30 -36 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24
0 -6 -12 -18 -24
-24 -30 -36 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -
24 0 -6 -12 -18 -24
Low Temperature Cracking
(Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin d
(Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin d
< 3 Pa.s @ 135 oC
> 230 oC
CEC
S < 300 MPa m > 0.300
Report Value
> 1.00 %
PAV Aged
![Page 59: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 PG 70 PG 76 PG 82
(Rotational Viscosity) RV
90 90 100 100 100 (110) 100 (110) 110 (110)
(Flash Point) FP
46 52 58 64 70 76 82
46 52 58 64 70 76 82
(ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN) RTFO Mass Loss < 1.00 %
(Direct Tension) DT
(Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR Physical Hardening
2
8
-34 -40 -46 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -46 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34
-10 -16 -22 -28 -34
Avg 7-day Max, oC
1-day Min, oC
(PRESSURE AGING VESSEL) PAV
ORIGINAL
> 1.00 kPa
< 5000 kPa
> 2.20 kPa
20 Hours, 2.07 MPa
10 7 4 25 22 19 16 13 10 7 25 22 19 16 13 31 28 25 22 19 16 34 31 28 25 22 19 37 34 31 28 25 40 37 34 31
(Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G* sin d
( Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR “S” Stiffness & “m”- value
-24 -30 -36 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24
0 -6 -12 -18 -24
-24 -30 -36 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -
24 0 -6 -12 -18 -24
Low Temperature Cracking
(Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin d
(Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin d
< 3 Pa.s @ 135 oC
> 230 oC
CEC
S < 300 MPa m > 0.300
Report Value
> 1.00 %
PAV Aged
![Page 60: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 PG 70 PG 76 PG 82
(Rotational Viscosity) RV
90 90 100 100 100 (110) 100 (110) 110 (110)
(Flash Point) FP
46 52 58 64 70 76 82
46 52 58 64 70 76 82
(ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN) RTFO Mass Loss < 1.00 %
(Direct Tension) DT
(Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR Physical Hardening
2
8
-34 -40 -46 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -46 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34
-10 -16 -22 -28 -34
Avg 7-day Max, oC
1-day Min, oC
(PRESSURE AGING VESSEL) PAV
ORIGINAL
> 1.00 kPa
< 5000 kPa
> 2.20 kPa
S < 300 MPa m > 0.300
Report Value
> 1.00 %
20 Hours, 2.07 MPa
10 7 4 25 22 19 16 13 10 7 25 22 19 16 13 31 28 25 22 19 16 34 31 28 25 22 19 37 34 31 28 25 40 37 34 31
(Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G* sin d
( Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR “S” Stiffness & “m”- value
-24 -30 -36 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24
0 -6 -12 -18 -24
-24 -30 -36 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -
24 0 -6 -12 -18 -24
Miscellaneous Spec Requirements
(Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin d
(Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin d
CEC
< 3 Pa.s @ 135 oC
> 230 oC Flash
Point
Mass
Loss
![Page 61: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
PG 64 - 16
![Page 62: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
PG 58-22
PG 52-28
PG 64-10 PG 58-16
> Many agencies have
established zones
PG Binder Selection
![Page 63: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
![Page 64: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
![Page 65: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Developed from Air Temperatures
• Superpave Weather Database
– 6500 stations in U.S. and Canada
• Annual air temperatures
– hottest seven-day temp (avg and std
dev)
– coldest temp (avg and std dev)
• Calculated pavement temps used in PG
selection
> 20 years
![Page 66: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Reliability
• Percent Probability of Not Exceeding Design
Temp
frequency of
observed temps
(Total area under
curve = 100 %)
Tavg Tdes
Reliability is area under curve
to the left of Tdes
> using Normal Distribution
![Page 67: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
36 40
7-Day Maximum Air Temperatures
50 % reliability
98 % reliability
Observed Air Temperatures Topeka, KS
average summer
very hot summer
> this data - standard
deviation of 2°C
![Page 68: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
36
40
-23 -31
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 -10 -20 -30 -40
Observed Air Temperatures
Topeka, KS
average winter
> standard
deviation of 4°C
very cold winter
![Page 69: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Convert to Pavement Temperature
• Calculated by Superpave
software
• High Temperature
– 20 mm below surface of
mixture
• Low Temperature
– at surface of mixture
Pavt Temp = f ( Air Temp, Depth, Latitude )
![Page 70: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
56
60
-23 -31
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 -10 -20 -30 -40 70
Calculated Pavement Temperatures Topeka, KS
pvt = air
pvt > air
![Page 71: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 -10 -20 -30 -40 70
PG 64-34 (98% minimum reliability)
PG 58-28 (50 % minimum reliability)
PG Binder Grades Topeka, KS
PG grades - six degree
increments
![Page 72: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 -10 -20 -30 -40 70
PG 58-28 (50 % minimum reliability)
Effect of Rounding to Standard Grades
PG 58 provides 85% reliability
PG -28 provides 90% reliability
![Page 73: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Effect of Rounding to Standard
Grades
needed grade
for 50% reliability
-23 -28
Minimum Pavement Temperatures
selected grade
for 50% reliability Rounding depends
on actual temps!
-16 -22 -28
![Page 74: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Effect of Loading Rate on
Binder Selection
• Dilemma
– specified DSR loading rate is 10 rad/sec
– what about longer loading times ?
• Use binder with more stiffness at higher
temps
– slow - - increase one high temp grade
– stationary - - increase two high temp grades
– no effect on low temp grade
90 kph
![Page 75: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Effect of Loading Rate on
Binder Selection
• Example
– for toll road PG 64-22
– for toll booth PG 70-22
– for weigh stations PG 76-22
90 kph
Slow
Stopping
![Page 76: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Effect of Traffic Amount
on Binder Selection
• 10 - 30 x 106 ESAL
– Consider increasing - - one high temp
grade
• 30 x 106 + ESAL
– Recommend increasing - - one high
temp grade
80 kN ESALs
> Equivalent Single Axle Loads
![Page 77: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
ESAL Comparison
80 kN
18,000 lb.
100 kN
22,000 lb.
44 kN
10,000 lb.
1
ESAL
2.2
ESAL
.09
ESAL
![Page 78: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
67 kN
15,000 lb
0.48 ESAL
27 kN
6,000 lb
0.01 ESAL + =
151 kN
34,000 lb
1.10
151 kN
34,000 lb
1.10 + =
54 kN
12,000 lb
0.19 +
0.49 ESALs
2.39 ESALs
BIG TRUCK
Little Truck
![Page 79: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 PG 70 PG 76 PG 82
(Rotational Viscosity) RV
90 90 100 100 100 (110) 100 (110) 110 (110)
(Flash Point) FP
46 52 58 64 70 76 82
46 52 58 64 70 76 82
(ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN) RTFO Mass Loss < 1.00 %
(Direct Tension) DT
(Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR Physical Hardening
2
8
-34 -40 -46 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -46 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34
-10 -16 -22 -28 -34
Avg 7-day Max, oC
1-day Min, oC
(PRESSURE AGING VESSEL) PAV
ORIGINAL
< 5000 kPa
> 2.20 kPa
S < 300 MPa m > 0.300
Report Value
> 1.00 %
20 Hours, 2.07 MPa
10 7 4 25 22 19 16 13 10 7 25 22 19 16 13 31 28 25 22 19 16 34 31 28 25 22 19 37 34 31 28 25 40 37 34 31
(Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G* sin d
( Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR “S” Stiffness & “m”- value
-24 -30 -36 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24
0 -6 -12 -18 -24
-24 -30 -36 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -
24 0 -6 -12 -18 -24
How the PG Spec Works
(Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin d
(Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin d
< 3 Pa.s @ 135 oC
> 230 oC
CEC
58 64
Test Temperature
Changes
Spec Requirement
Remains Constant
> 1.00 kPa
![Page 80: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Summary of How to Use
PG Specification
• Determine
–7-day max pavement temperatures
–1-day minimum pavement
temperature
• Use specification tables to select
test temperatures
• Determine asphalt cement
properties and compare to
specification limits
![Page 81: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Questions - ?
![Page 82: New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE...Superpave Asphalt BinderSpecification The grading system is based on Climate PG 64 - 22 Performance Grade Average 7-day maxpavement temperature](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f868a08de5c3b1d511447/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
82
Questions - ?