new base energy news issue 844 dated 04 may 2016

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Copyright © 2015 NewBase www.hawkenergy.net Edited by Khaled Al Awadi – Energy Consultant All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, redistributed, or otherwise copied without the written permission of the authors. This includes internal distribution. All reasonable endeavours have been used to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this publication. However, no warranty is given to the accuracy of its content. Page 1 NewBase Energy News 04 May 2016 - Issue No. 844 Edited & Produced by: Khaled Al Awadi NewBase For discussion or further details on the news below you may contact us on +971504822502, Dubai, UAE Dubai initiative to switch to energy efficient LED bulbs may save households Dh2,500 a year AThe National - Andrew Scott + NewBase Households in the UAE can save up to Dh2,500 a year on utility bills if they switch to energy efficient lighting, according to the Sustainable Lighting Initiative. The potential saving by simply switching to energy efficient lighting (EEL) for the entire country is estimated at Dh495 million a year. Incandescent, energy wasteful, light bulbs were banned from being sold in the UAE at the end of 2013. However they are still responsible for 78 per cent of lighting energy usage. As part of the new initiative, retailers in Dubai will reduce the cost of energy sustainable light bulbs by 25 per cent from May 22 to June 5. “We understand that people may not be focused on green initiatives with many other priorities," Niall Watson, the founder of the initiative, said in Dubai yesterday. “That is why we are trying to A board shows the voltage usage of a LED bulb, ordinary bulb and energy saving bulb in at a green expo in Hong Kong

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Copyright © 2015 NewBase www.hawkenergy.net Edited by Khaled Al Awadi – Energy Consultant All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, redistributed,

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publication. However, no warranty is given to the accuracy of its content. Page 1

NewBase Energy News 04 May 2016 - Issue No. 844 Edited & Produced by: Khaled Al Awadi

NewBase For discussion or further details on the news below you may contact us on +971504822502, Dubai, UAE

Dubai initiative to switch to energy efficient LED bulbs may save households Dh2,500 a year

AThe National - Andrew Scott + NewBase

Households in the UAE can save up to Dh2,500 a year on utility bills if they switch to energy efficient lighting, according to the Sustainable Lighting Initiative. The potential saving by simply switching to energy efficient lighting (EEL) for the entire country is estimated at Dh495 million a year. Incandescent, energy wasteful, light bulbs were banned from being sold in the UAE at the end of 2013. However they are still responsible for 78 per cent of lighting energy usage. As part of the new initiative, retailers in Dubai will reduce the cost of energy sustainable light bulbs by 25 per cent from May 22 to June 5.

“We understand that people may not be focused on green initiatives with many other priorities," Niall Watson, the founder of the initiative, said in Dubai yesterday. “That is why we are trying to

A board shows the voltage usage of a LED bulb, ordinary

bulb and energy saving bulb in at a green expo in Hong Kong

Copyright © 2015 NewBase www.hawkenergy.net Edited by Khaled Al Awadi – Energy Consultant All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, redistributed,

or otherwise copied without the written permission of the authors. This includes internal distribution. All reasonable endeavours have been used to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this

publication. However, no warranty is given to the accuracy of its content. Page 2

get the message out there that you can save a huge amount of money by simply changing the lighting in your home.

“We also want to mitigate the cost of changing which is why the government and the retailers have helped with the price reduction of the efficient bulbs. We are starting in Dubai but we will roll it out across the country from October 1 for a full month."

Ida Tillisch, the director general of Emirates Wildlife Society in association with WWF put it more plainly about the cost and energy efficiency of EEL.

“Switching to EEL is a no brainer because you have a return on investment within a year. The bulbs also last for 10-12 years against two years for incandescent bulbs and we are cutting our ecological footprint at the same time, it’s a win-win."

About 57 per cent of the UAE’s ecological footprint is generated from domestic household energy consumption, 6 per cent of which is from lighting, according to the UAE’s lighting regulations report from December2104.

The initiative believes that by switching to EEL, the UAE could save 65 per cent of the energy consumed for lighting.

While the initiative is for domestic consumption of electricity, the Dubai government is assessing where and how it can cut its power needs.

The Roads and Transport Authority and other stakeholders are currently running tests on 25 kilometres of internal roads to assess the likelihood of using LED lighting. However, the freeways need more powerful lighting which LED bulbs cannot produce currently. The Green Building Code also now ensures developers and commercial buildings adhere to strict green guidelines.

“When you see the external coloured lights on Dubai’s tall buildings, they are almost all exclusively LED lighting," said Saeed Al Abbar, the chairman of the Emirates Green Building Council.

“We have stringent government guidelines that ensure when developers build anywhere they have to adhere to the regulations otherwise they will not get a licence to operate or be allowed to sell the properties. The government of Dubai and the UAE are serious about this."

There are many applications with

requirements that cannot be met with an LED

and need the coherency and wavelength

stability of a laser.

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UAE: New Record Set for World's Cheapest Solar, Now Undercutting Coal Bloomberg - Anna Hirtenstein ahirtens

• 2.99 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour is 15% lower than old record • Cheaper than new coal-fired electricity in the Gulf emirate

Share on Faceboo kShare on Twitter Solar power set another record-low price as renewable energy developers working in the United Arab Emirates shrugged off financial turmoil in the industry to promise projects costs that undercut even coal-fired generators.

Developers bid as little as 2.99 cents a kilowatt-hour to develop 800 megawatts of solar-power projects for the Dubai Electricity & Water Authority, the utility for the Persian Gulf emirate, announced on Sunday. That’s 15 percent lower than the previous record set in Mexico last month, according to Bloomberg New Energy Finance.

The lowest priced solar power has plunged almost 50 percent in the past year. Saudi Arabia’s Acwa Power International set a record in January 2015 by offering to build a portion of the same Dubai solar park for power priced at 5.85 cents per kilowatt-hour. Records were subsequently set in Peru and Mexico before Dubai reclaimed its mantel as purveyor of the world’s cheapest solar power.

“This bid tells us that some bidders are willing to risk a lot for the prestige of being the cheapest solar developer,” said Jenny Chase, head of solar analysis at BNEF. “Nobody knows how it’s meant to work.”

Plunging costs along with the bankruptcy for the biggest developer, SunEdison Inc., has spurred questions about whether the cheapest projects will ever be profitable. The collapse of the world’s largest renewable energy company made some banks wary of financing projects. The winners of

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recent auctions in Mexico, Peru and Chile were diversified power companies like Enel SpA, which perhaps prioritized market share over profit maximization.

Dubai’s utility didn’t identify the developers behind the record-low bid it received. MEED reported that it’s a group including Masdar Abu Dhabi Future Energy Co., Spain’s Fotowatio Renewable Ventures BV and Saudi Arabia’s Abdul Latif Jameel. Among those companies, only Masdar could be reached for comment, and it didn’t confirm that it was the low bidder.

“A consortium led by Masdar, Abu Dhabi’s renewable energy company, was one of a number of bidders to have submitted a proposal for the third phase of the Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park,” a spokesperson for the consortium said in an e-mailed statement. “This is an active bid, with the technical and commercial proposals being evaluated by Dubai Electricity and Water Authority.”

Tender Process

The shift to tenders from feed-in tariffs for clean energy globally has helped governments rein in support for renewables while prodding companies to deliver lower costs. That’s shifted pressure away from government budgets and toward developers, which must strike a balance between a winning new contracts and maintaining profits.

Enel Green Power’s Chief Executive Officer Francesco Venturini, whose company bid 3.5 cents a kilowatt hour in Mexico last month, said in an interview that his projects will still make decent money even with record-low prices for electricity.

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Enel’s Strategy “There is no value in winning without margin attached,” Venturini said in an interview in Brussels last month. “I have two investment committees and two boards of directors I need to present my projects to and they want to see the money attached to it. So trust me, there is margin.”

Dubai’s state utility said it received five bids for the 800-megawatt project, which will be the third phase of the Mohammed bin Rashid Al-Maktoum solar park. It has not awarded the building permits yet. The facility is planned to have a capacity of 5 gigawatts by 2030.

“This price is borderline in terms of viability, but it’s an outlier project,” said Josefin Berg, solar analyst at IHS Inc., an industry researcher. “The size of the installation makes it easier to get good conditions on their procurement. It shouldn’t be used as a benchmark.”

The 2.99 cents bid for the solar project is a third lower than the electricity that will be generated by a coal plant commissioned by Dubai in October. That facility, set to begin generating in 2020, is expected to feed power onto the grid at 4.501 cents per kilowatt-hour under a 25-year power purchase agreement. The record low bids submitted this week for the latest phase of work at Dubai’s solar park could be repeated in Abu Dhabi, according to a French company interested in the bidding at both sites.

One bid came in at 2.99 US cents per kilowatt hour (kWh) for the 800-megawatt third phase of the Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum solar photovoltaic (PV) plant, Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (Dewa) announced on Sunday.

The world’s lowest bid had been for a project in Mexico, at 3.5 cents per kWh (US$35 per MW). The French company Engie, bidding for both utility-scale solar projects in Abu Dhabi and Dubai, expects the bid price of the 350MW Sweihan PV plant to be as competitive as Dubai.

This places solar energy as potentially the cheapest form of energy for power generation, perhaps beating natural gas and coal. The average cost for power produced from natural gas in the UAE, its biggest source, is about 7 cents per kWh.

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The lowest submitted bid for the Dubai park is nearly 50 per cent cheaper than the record-breaking 5.84 cents per kWh bid last year for the same project’s 200MW second phase and which was ultimately successful. Just like last year, Sunday’s announcement has rocked the industry with ripples expected to be felt during the contest to win work at Abu Dhabi’s Sweihan plant.

Francois-Xavier Boul, the senior vice president of Engie, said at a Clean Energy Business Council event in Dubai yesterday that the company, which is one of five remaining bidders for the Dubai project and one of the eight single-entity qualifiers for Sweihan, was trying to digest the prices to begin thinking about the implications.

“The size [in Abu Dhabi] is 350MW, so for sure you’ll have economies of scale," he said, adding that there was a large amount of funding available for the Abu Dhabi project. “There’s a lot of appetite. This is going to be as aggressive [as Dubai]."

The third phase of the Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum solar project is divided into three parts with Dewa only evaluating 200MW at this time. This means that the 3 cents per kWh bid is for a project of lesser scale than Sweihan’s 350MW. Similar to wholesale purchases, the larger the quantity, the cheaper the rate.

Each of the five Dubai bidders, with the exception of Qatar’s Nebras, is still in the running for the Sweihan plant. “Dubai is definitely the benchmark to beat," said Frank Wouters, a former director of Masdar Clean Energy and former chairman of Shams Power. “It would be very difficult to explain why Abu Dhabi’s [solar project] would have to be more expensive.

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Oman: Natural gas production in Oman grows 8 per cent Times of Oman

Oman's natural gas production and imports grew by 8.3 per cent to 10,206 million cubic meters (MNCM) for the first quarter of 2016, compared to 9,426 MNCM for the same period of last year. Of this, while non-associated gas showed a growth of 8.1 per cent at 8,459 MNCM, associated gas production surged ahead by 9 per cent to 1,748 MNCM, according to latest statistics released by the National Centre for Statistics and Information (NCSI).

A sizeable portion of the natural gas in Oman is used by various mega industrial projects, which stood at 6,160MNCM for the first three months of 2016, against 5,692MNCM for the same period last year. Natural gas is also used in oilfields either as fuel or for re-injection. For instance, in the first quarter, as much as 2,279 MNCM of natural gas was used in oil fields, against 1,963 MNCM units consumed for the same period in 2015. Other major consumers of natural gas in the country include power producers, small-scale industries and liquefied natural gas plants. Natural gas used by power and desalination plants stood 0.8 per cent higher at 1,622 MNCM for the three-month period of this year. The Oman Power and Water Procurement Company (OPWP) estimates gas consumption in the electricity and water desalination sector to rise in the next few years, mainly due to new power plants that need natural gas feedstocks. While the national demand for gas will rise sharply over the coming five years, the rate of increase is by no means evenly distributed, with requirements set to spike in some regions. In fact, the Ministry of Oil and Gas is responsible for supplying gas to various consumers and the obligations are set out in within the agreements.

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Oman:Higher gas price, demand growth fuel 61% jump in power costs Oman Observer - Conrad Prabhu

The cost of electricity purchased by the nation’s sole power off taker, Oman Power and Water Procurement Company (OPWP), for eventual distribution to consumers, surged 61 per cent in the Main Interconnection System (MIS) last year, driven

primarily by a 100 per cent increase in the price of natural gas — the principal fuel for electricity generation in the Sultanate.

Payouts to the predominantly privately owned power generation companies against electricity purchased by OPWP totalled RO 492.9 million last year, versus RO 306.7 million paid out in 2014.

While the difference includes a 14 per cent growth in the amount of electricity consumed over this timeframe, the average purchase cost per megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity rose 42 per cent to RO 17.4 in 2015, up from RO 12.3 per cent a year earlier, OPWP said in its latest Annual Report.

“The doubling of the gas price — from $1.5 to $3 (per mmBTU) — in 2015 has significantly increased the revenue and cost of sales,” the state-owned company, a subsidiary of The Electricity Holding Company (Nama Group), noted.

Higher consumer demand in the Main Interconnection System (MIS) — which covers much of the northern half of the Sultanate — resulted in a 14 per cent jump in the amount of electricity procured from utilities last year.

The demand was relatively uniform across all three distribution companies serving this grid — Muscat, Mazoon and Majan.

As in previous years, the increased cost of producing electricity is not expected to be passed on to consumers, but will be borne by the government

as part of its subsidisation of the power and water sector.

However, this year’s subsidy —estimated in excess of RO 500 million — is likely to be gradually pared down when Cost Reflective Tariffs, currently under consideration by the Authority for Electricity Regulation — Oman, are rolled out for large commercial and industrial consumers, likely before the end of this year.

In the Salalah System, which covers Dhofar Governorate, OPWP disbursed a total of RO 83.062 million against electricity procured from local utilities in 2015, which is up 30 per cent from RO 64.055 million paid out a year earlier.

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While this includes a 11 per cent spike in electricity demand during this period, the main factor was the doubling of the gas price, the procurer said.

Power purchase costs per MWh in the Salalah System jumped 17 per cent to RO 28.2 in 2015, up from RO 24.2 a year earlier. As a result of the higher cost of producing electricity in the Sultanate, the cost of seawater desalination — the principal source of potable water supply — procured by OPWP also rose sharply in 2015.

Water output from co-located combined power and water projects is typically pricier because of the higher cost of gas used as a fuel resource for these plants.

Payouts to utilities against water purchased by OPWP rose 18 per cent to RO 243.9 million in 2015, up from RO 207.4 million a year earlier. The average cost per cubic metre of water climbed to 526 baisas in 2015 versus 452 baisas a year earlier.

“Higher consumer demand led to an 18 per cent increase in water purchased. The key drivers for the increase in water cost and water revenue are the increase in water delivered, and increase in cost at combined water and power plants due to the increase in gas price from $1 to $3,” OPWP said.

In comparison, the cost of total energy purchased from utilities increased at an average annual rate of about 12 per cent from 2009 to 2014 in the Main Interconnected System, when gas costs were stable at $1.5 per mmBTU.

In the Salalah system, the annual rate of increase was 19 per cent, according to OPWP.

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India: Import Price of Qatari LNG for India Drops Below $5 mmBtu Natural Gas Asia

Cost of LNG that India imports from Qatar has slipped below $5 per mmBtu post signing of revised long-term deal, Indian oil minister Dharmendra Pradhan said Monday. "Earlier the prices during 2015 were in excess of $12 per mmBtu.

The current price applicable under the contract works out to less than $5 per mmBtu based on prevailing crude prices," the minister said in a written reply to a question in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of Indian parliament, Press Trust of India reported.

In December, a revised long-term contract was signed between Petronet LNG and RasGas. The revised formula bases the price on a three-month average figure of Brent crude oil, replacing a five-year average of a basket of crude imported by Japan, with a rider that Petronet buys an additional 1 million tons of LNG annually. Qatar also waived off a $1.5 billion penalty against India for lifting less gas than agreed. India and Qatar have a contract under which New Delhi imports 7.5 million tons a year of LNG. The contract will run till April 2028.

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Cote d'Ivoire: Anadarko continues successful appraisal programme with deepwater well Paon-5A.. Source: Anadarko / energy-pedia

Announcing its Q1 results on Monday, Anadarko reported continued success in its appraisal programme offshore Côte d'Ivoire. The Company's first horizontal deepwater well, Paon-5A, encountered approx. 100 net feet of vertical pay. Anadarko plans to drill the Paon-3AR sidetrack well in the second quarter, followed by a drillstem and interference testing program, as it works to advance the Paon discovery toward commerciality.

Background

Following Anadarko’s success in neighbouring Ghana, the company began looking for similar opportunities along the Cretaceous trend in the Ivorian Basin. As a result, Anadarko acquired interests in five offshore blocks totaling approx. 1.4 million acres offshore Côte d’Ivoire.

In 2012, Anadarko announced a light-oil discovery at the Paon prospect in Block CI-103, where it encountered more than 100 net feet of oil pay. The discovery confirmed the Upper Cretaceous fan system extended westward into Côte d’Ivoire. Anadarko is currently appraising the Paon discovery and evaluating potential development scenarios. See related article: Tullow's Paon-1X exploration well discovers oil offshore Côte d'Ivoire (June 2012) .

Anadarko holds a 65%

working interest in Block

CI-103 and is operator.

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NewBase 04 May 2016 Khaled Al Awadi

NewBase For discussion or further details on the news below you may contact us on +971504822502 , Dubai , UAE

Oil prices stabilize after 6 percent (WTI @ 43.73 & Brent @45.10) Reuters + NewBase

Oil prices stabilized on Wednesday after falling for two straight days on concerns that slowing demand and rising Middle East production would extend a global supply overhang.

International Brent crude futures were trading at $45.10 per barrel at 0140 GMT, up 13 cents, or 0.3 percent, from their last settlement. Brent has fallen more than 6 percent since April 29.

U.S. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) futures were up 8 cents, or 0.2 percent, at $43.73 a barrel.

The slight price increases followed a more than 6 percent fall since the end of April that was triggered by rising output from the Middle East and renewed signs of economic slowdown in Asia.

"Asia's big markets continue to disappoint: Japan sank further, China relapsed, and India slipped," said Frederic Neumann of HSBC in Hong Kong, adding that exports were "stuck below the waterline" and "local demand looks wobbly, too."

In the United States, the picture was less clear.

U.S. production has fallen from a peak of over 9.6 million barrels per day (bpd) in summer last year to just over 8.9 million bpd currently.

Oil price special

coverage

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However, the country's crude inventories rose by 1.3 million barrels in the week to April 29 to 539.7 million barrels, according to data from the American Petroleum Institute, enough to meet global demand for almost a week.

Still, strong demand for refined products reduced stockpiles of gasoline, diesel and heating oil.

Thanks to ongoing strong demand and further expectations of U.S. production cuts, BMI Research said on Wednesday that oil prices would likely rise in the short-term.

"We anticipate a strong pullback in non-OPEC supplies. We also expect some support from the U.S. (summer) driving season. Bloated crude stocks will thus unwind in the coming months," BMI said.

"We believe prices will strengthen above $50 per barrel, trading in a range of $50-$60 per barrel until the end of the year," it added.

Oil Trades Near $45 Before Weekly U.S. Crude Stockpile Data Bloomberg - Ben Sharples BenSharps

Oil traded near $45 a barrel before weekly U.S. government data forecast to show rising stockpiles kept crude supplies at the highest level in more than eight decades.

Futures rose as much as 1.3 percent in New York as the dollar declined for a fourth day. Inventories increased by 500,000 barrels last week, according to the median estimate in a Bloomberg survey before an Energy Information Administration report Wednesday. Iran’s Dana Energy Co. is in talks with European and Asian companies to create partnerships to bid for oil and gas development rights in the country, Chairman Mohammad Iravani said.

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Oil has rebounded after slumping to the lowest since 2003 earlier this year amid signs the global glut will ease as U.S. output declines. Production from the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries rose last month, underpinned by gains from Iraq and Iran, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.

“The higher the price has climbed, the more vulnerable it’s become to the large inventory levels,” Ric Spooner, a chief analyst at CMC Markets in Sydney, said by phone. “The news of increasing OPEC production is unsettling. It’s unwinding the benefits of reduced U.S. output.”

West Texas Intermediate for June delivery climbed as much as 57 cents to $45.35 a barrel on the New York Mercantile Exchange and was at $45.33 at 7:56 a.m. London time. The contract lost $1.14 to $44.78 on Monday, capping a 2.7 percent drop over the previous two sessions. Total volume traded was about 29 percent below the 100-day average. U.S. Stockpiles

Brent for July settlement was 56 cents higher at $46.39 a barrel on the London-based ICE Futures Europe exchange. The contract slid $1.54 to $45.83 on Monday. The global benchmark was at a premium of 38 cents to WTI for July.

Crude stockpiles at Cushing, Oklahoma, the delivery point for WTI and the biggest U.S. oil-storage hub, probably declined by 300,000 barrels last week, according to the Bloomberg survey. Nationwide inventories climbed to 540.6 million barrels through April 22, the highest level since October 1929, according to EIA data.

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NewBase Special Coverage

News Agencies News Release 04 May 2016

Offshore Wind Boom in U.S. Hangs on One State's Utility Mandate Blommberg - Joe Ryan JoeRyanNews

Lawmakers in Massachusetts are drafting a bill that would jump-start the offshore wind industry in the U.S., helping trigger a $10 billion building spree off the Atlantic coast.

The energy bill may be introduced as early as this month and is expected to require utilities to purchase power from offshore wind farms, according to Representative Thomas Golden, one of the Democrats who control the state legislature.

Still to be determined is how much power utilities would be forced to buy under the bill and, crucially, whether the state’s Republican governor -- who has already opposed one offshore project -- will sign it.

Developers want legislators to mandate the sale of 2,000 megawatts over a decade, enough to power roughly 1.6 million households. Building the infrastructure to deliver that capacity would cost about $10 billion, said Tom Harries, an analyst at Bloomberg New Energy Finance. It also would give developers their first chance to build the farms on a mass scale outside Europe and Asia, in a region where powerful ocean winds and high energy prices will provide a key proving ground.

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“This bill would be the last piece of the puzzle to get the industry going,” said Thomas Brostrom, general manager of North America for Dong Energy A/S, the world’s largest offshore wind developer. First Project

Three companies -- Dong, Deepwater Wind LLC and Offshore MW LLC -- have leases from the federal government to build in the waters south of Martha’s Vineyard. Deepwater last year began constructing the nation’s first offshore wind farm off Rhode Island. Dong, meanwhile, has opened an office in Boston anticipating the Massachusetts legislation, and is hunting for further sites along the East Coast.

Globally, offshore wind energy has boomed over the last decade as developers installed turbines with more than 11,000 megawatts of capacity, primarily in the U.K. and Germany, according to Bloomberg New Energy Finance. They’re forecast to install another 12,000 megawatts in those areas by 2019.

At the same time, U.S. projects have languished as cheap natural gas and plentiful land for ground-based wind and solar farms have elbowed offshore turbines to the bottom of the clean-energy agenda. While the cost of offshore wind energy is falling, it remains one of the most expensive sources of electricity, scaring off utilities as potential customers. Competitive Rates

By allowing the facilities to be clustered near each other off the coast of Massachusetts, developers are hoping to lower costs so they can provide power at more competitive rates to existing generators.

“Without those contracts, those power purchase agreements with the utilities, none of the developers can finance their projects,” said Erich Stephens, executive vice president executive vice president of Offshore MW.

Building new power sources is critical in New England. The region is scheduled to lose more than 8,000 megawatts in the next four years as oil, coal and nuclear power plants close. Massachusetts Governor Charlie Baker has pushed to replace closing plants with hydro electricity, introducing a bill last year that would require utilities to seek long-term contracts with hydro companies that could draw as many as 2,400 megawatts from Canada. Cape Wind

The governor has been less enthusiastic about offshore wind. During an unsuccessful gubernatorial run in 2010, he railed against Cape Wind, a now-stalled attempt to build a 468-megawatt project off Cape Cod. It was maligned as a would-be eyesore and criticized by Baker as a sweetheart deal for the developer.

The new crop of developers plan to build further out to sea, where the turbines wouldn’t be visible from land. Baker, who declined to be interviewed, has indicated he may be receptive.

In March, the governor’s energy secretary, Matthew A. Beaton, said during a speech in Boston that any decision to back offshore projects would hinge on cost. A forthcoming study on cost projections for Massachusetts offshore wind projects would play an important role, according to

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Beaton. "If advances in offshore wind technology bring a competitive price to the market -- then we should embrace this resource,” he said. Supply Chain

The study, by the University of Delaware, was published two weeks later. It concluded the cost of building wind farms off Massachusetts may decline as much as 55 percent by 2030, allowing developers to offer rates competitive with market prices. The key to lowering costs, the study found, was building a series of projects large enough to develop transmission and construction infrastructure, manufacturing facilities and other elements of a supply chain.

Golden, the Democratic state representative who heads the panel drafting the bill, said it hasn’t yet determined how many megawatts would be called for. The final legislation will probably include support for a broad mix of clean energy, he said.

“Offshore wind has piqued a lot of people’s interest, but at the same time so has hydro,” Golden said. "We need to figure out the appropriate balance.”

The bill would “ignite” the offshore wind industry in the U.S., and may prompt Vestas Wind Systems A/S, the world’s biggest turbine maker, to expand its manufacturing operations in the U.S., according to Stewart Mullin, a spokesman for the Danish company.

“History has shown that a stable and secure order pipeline is a precursor to investment and that the early movers are traditionally the ones that reap the supply chain benefits,” Mullin said in an e-mail.

A spokeswoman for National Grid Plc, Mary-Leah Assad, said the utility, which serves roughly 7 million customers in the U.S. Northeast, wants to incorporate more renewables into its operations but would oppose requirements to buy power from a specific source, regardless of price. Renewable Resources

“National Grid looks to policy makers to ensure that any new legislation includes a process that will allow all renewable resources to compete,” Assad said in a statement.

The state’s two-year legislative session ends July 31. If the bill fails -- or omits support for offshore wind -- developers say they will turn to other sites on the East coast. But those proposed projects are years behind the ones in Massachusetts. Time and momentum would be lost.

“This industry would certainly expand to Long Island and metropolitan New York and further down the New Jersey coast,” Deepwater chief executive Jeff Grybowski said. “But we are not as far along there. Massachusetts is on the leading edge.”

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Khaled Al Awadi is a UAE National with a total of 25 years of experience in the Oil & Gas sector. Currently working as Technical Affairs Specialist for Emirates General Petroleum Corp. “Emarat“ with external voluntary Energy consultation for the GCC area via Hawk Energy Service as a UAE operations base , Most of the experience were spent as the Gas Operations Manager in Emarat , responsible for Emarat Gas Pipeline Network Facility & gas compressor stations . Through the years, he has developed great

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