new approaches in materials and manufacturing...
TRANSCRIPT
© MFA 2012
MATERIALS EDUCATION Adapting to the needs of the 21st century
Arlindo Silva1,2, Ana G. Pereira-Medrano1, Hannah Melia1, Mike Ashby1,3 1Granta Design, Ltd, Education Division, Cambridge, UK
2Instituto Superior Técnico, TU Lisbon, Portugal 3Engineering Department, Cambridge University, UK
4th Int. Symposium for Engineering Education, 2012, Sheffield
© MFA 2012
Overview
Introduction
History and the present context of Education
Breadth and Depth
Materials Systems and Design
Granta in the Engineerign Design community
Conclusions
© MFA 2012
Introduction
Transmission of materials knowledge In ways that recognise its broader context Appreciating its temporal importance and evolution
Appreciation of balance between breadth and depth Highly complex problems facing Mankind ...of an inherently interdisciplinary nature
© MFA 2012
History and the present context of Education
Era of predictive modelling Era of “try it and see” to
Tradition
Pure sciences
Applied sciences
A bridging science
© MFA 2012
Vacuum cleaners
Engaging interest: evolution of materials in products (1)
Kettles
Circa 1900 1940 2012 2050??
Cameras
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Evolution of materials in products (3)
Planes
Trains
Circa 1900 1940 2012 2050??
Phones
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Breadth and Depth (1)
Information Facts, data, methods
Knowledge How to use information
(shallow comprehension)
Understanding Origins, context, relationships
(deep comprehension)
Synthesis and innovation Extension, innovation, creation
Increasing breadth
Incre
asin
g d
ep
th
Specialised novice
Specialised expert
Discipline-based specialist as outcome
System-based Integration with design
Society-based Integration with society
© MFA 2012
Breadth and Depth (2)
Information Facts, data, methods
Knowledge How to use information
(shallow comprehension)
Understanding Origins, context, relationships
(deep comprehension)
Synthesis Extension, innovation, creation
Increasing breadth
Incre
asin
g d
ep
th
Novice specialist
Novice generalist
Discipline-based specialist as outcome
System-based Integration with design
Society-based Integration with society
© MFA 2012
Novice specialist
Creative generalist
Breadth and Depth (3)
Information Facts, data, methods
Knowledge How to use information
(shallow comprehension)
Understanding Origins, context, relationships
(deep comprehension)
Synthesis Extension, innovation, creation
Discipline-based specialist as outcome
System-based Integration with design
Society-based Integration with society
Increasing breadth
Inc
rea
sin
g d
ep
th
© MFA 2012
Novice
Breadth and Depth (4)
Information Facts, data, methods
Knowledge How to use information
(shallow comprehension)
Understanding Origins, context, relationships
(deep comprehension)
Synthesis Extension, innovation, creation
Discipline-based specialist as outcome
System-based Integration with design
Society-based Integration with society
Increasing breadth
Incre
asin
g d
ep
th
© MFA 2012
Materials systems and design
Tomorrow
Materials science
Today
Materials Systems & Design (1)
Encompassing
Technical
Economic
Environmental
Societal issues
Some things don’t change Principles of mathematics,
Laws of physics, chemistry, biology
The scientific method
Metallurgy Polymer science Ceramic science
Yesterday
Taught in parallel
with
Mechanics, Structures
Environmental science Economics Design
© MFA 2012
Materials Systems & Design (2)
Project-based learning, using some of these examples: Wind turbines as a contribution to
future power provision Electric cars as a contribution for
future mobility ... but spending equal time on: Materials Design Regulatory restrictions/incentives Interests / arguments / influence /
welfare of the stakeholders
Grand Challenges for the 21st Century
• Shelter (built environment) • Energy • Mobility (transportation) • Water • Environment • Sustainability
(food, healthcare, population, space, security, equity, ...)
(stakeholders can be either government, the supply chain, manufacturers, consumers, unions, the public at large,...)
© MFA 2012
Granta Design Ltd. Cambridge, UK
A private company owned by the founders, the University of Cambridge, ASM International (previously the American Society for Metals) employees
Founded in 1994 by Professors Mike Ashby and David Cebon, Cambridge University Engineering Department
and the employees
© MFA 2012
The CES EduPack 2012 teaching package
CES EduPack software PowerPoint lectures, exercises, white papers
Education community website
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CES EduPack 2012 software
Level 1 1st year students: Engineering, Materials Science, Design 69 materials, 77 processes
Simple user interface
Level 2 2nd - 4th year students of Engineering and Materials Science and Design. 100 materials, 109 processes
Level 3 4th year, masters and research students. 3798 materials, 230 processes
The elements
Polymer engineering
Eco design
Architecture & civil eng
Aeronautical engineering
Natural and biomaterials
Low-carbon power
© MFA 2012
Using CES EduPack as a Campus-wide resource
61 universities in 14 countries currently use CES EduPack as a campus-wide teaching resource
© MFA 2012
Conclusions
Beginning 20th century saw a shift of ceramics, polymers and metallurgy from arts to sciences
Lately we saw their integration into single programs on MSE These sit as an interdisciplinary subject, linking engineering,
science and design
We are now moving towards programs on Materials Systems and Design Materials courses taught to non-Materials programs will take a
broader perspective of materials Grand Challenges may provide motivating themes
© MFA 2012
Materials Education Symposia
(www.materials-education.com)
14-15 March 2013 – Philadelphia, USA
. 4-5 April 2013 – Uni. Cambridge, UK
© MFA 2012
MATERIALS EDUCATION: Adapting to the needs of the 21st century
Thank you
Granta Design supports teaching of Engineering Design in the present and
aims to do it in the future.
If you would like to know more about Granta Design and CES Edupack or would like to contribute to the teaching resources, please contact us!
Arlindo Silva [email protected] Senior Materials Education Consultant www.grantadesign.com/education/resources for Engineering and Design
4th Int. Symposium for Engineering Education, 2012, Sheffield
© MFA 2012
An implementation (1)
What is being done currently IST @ TULisbon in a course on Engineering Materials
The context The situation until 2009 The changes made to the curriculum in 2009 Further changes in 2010 The outcomes
© MFA 2012
Where is IST?
Largest public Technical University in Portugal 100 years last year 1000 teaching/research staff 11000 students 40% MSc or PhD 28% international students 120M€ budget 60% is competitive
© MFA 2012
An implementation (2)
The context A course on Engineering Materials at the 3rd semester of a 10
semester integrated MSc program on Mechanical Engineering A cohort of around 250 students A 14 weeks semester 3 h theory + 1 h problems + 1 h lab (per week)
The situation until 2009 Course topics centred on:
• mechanical testing • thermal and mechanical treatments of metals • Long, exhaustive descriptions of each material family
Boring classes, not very motivating Students gradually stopped coming to class Fail rate of about 30%
© MFA 2012
An implementation (3)
The changes made to the curriculum in 2009 Design-led approach – starting at the product level
and ending at the atom level Fundamentals of materials science uncovered
where appropriate Focus on materials selection
• Analysing a particular product and setting the design requirements (function, objectives and constraints) to select the appropriate materials
Further changes in 2010 Introduction of concepts of sustainability in the
last 2 weeks of the semester (6 hours of lectures) Historic perspectives, evolution of the use of
materials, look ahead World population growth, materials scarcity Life cycle of products
Market Need
Conceptual design
Embodiment
Detailed design
Product Spec
© MFA 2012
An implementation (4)
The outcomes from a student perspective: Fail rate dropped from 30 to 12% Number of students actively attending increased drastically Students feel motivated
The outcomes from the faculty team perspective: The team is motivated and willing to explore new developments Getting encouraging feedback from colleagues Some of the feedback is negative...
Ener
gy C
onsu
mpt
ion
© MFA 2012
UK Abingdon and Witney College Birmingham City University Bristol University Brooklands College Brunel University (Campus license) Burton College Cambridge Regional College Canterbury College Castle College Central Sussex College Coleg Menai Coventry University (Campus license) Cranfield University De Montfort University Derby College Edinburgh Napier University Farnborough College of Technology Glasgow Caledonian University HMS Sultan Imperial College (Campus license) King's College London Loughborough University (Campus license) Manchester Metropolitan University Middlesex University Nottingham Trent University (Campus license) Oxford Brookes University Queen Mary, University of London Queen's University of Belfast Sheffield Hallam University Shrewsbury College of Art & Technology Solihull College Southampton Solent University (Campus license) Southampton University South Cheshire College South Essex College South West College Staffordshire University (Campus license) Stephenson College, Coalville Stockport College of F & H E Swansea Metropolitan University
The Open University University of Aberdeen (Campus license) University of Bath (Campus license) University of Birmingham (Campus license) University of Bournemouth University of Bradford University of Brighton (Campus license) University of Cambridge (Campus license) University of Central Lancashire (Campus license) University of Derby (Campus license) University of Dundee University of East Anglia University of Edinburgh University of Exeter University of Glasgow University of Greenwich University of Leeds (Campus license) University of Leicester University of Lincoln University of Liverpool (Campus license) University of Manchester (Campus license) University of Newcastle upon Tyne (Campus license) University of Northumbria (Campus license) University of Nottingham University of Portsmouth University of Reading University of Sheffield (Campus license) University of Strathclyde (Campus license) University of Sunderland University of Sussex Univ of the West of England (Campus license) University of Ulster University of Wales Institute, Cardiff University of Wales (Prince of Wales Innovation Scholars) University of Wales, Swansea University of Warwick (Campus license) University of Wolverhampton West Cheshire College West Nottinghamshire College
© MFA 2012
North America (1)
Canada British Columbia Institute of Technology Carleton University Concordia University Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal (Campus license) McGill University McMaster University New Brunswick College Queen's University Simon Fraser University Université de Moncton Université Laval University of Alberta University of British Columbia University of Saskatchewan Université de Sherbrooke (Campus license) University of Toronto University of Waterloo (Campus license) University of Western Ontario University of Windsor United States of America Academy of Art University Alfred University Arizona State University, Polytechnic Art Institute of Pittsburgh Auburn University Ball State University Baylor University Boise State University Bradley University California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (Campus
license) Case Western Reserve University (Campus license) Central Piedmont Community College Carnegie Mellon University Christian Brothers University Clarkson University Clemson University
Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering Fraunhofer USA Georgia Institute of Technology (Campus license) Grand Valley State University Grove City College Hartnell Community College Harvard School of Design Harvard University Harvey Mudd College Institute of Advanced Technology, UT Austin James Madison University (Campus license) Kansas State University Kettering University Lafayette College Lamar University Lehigh University Letourneau University Louisiana State University Marquette University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Michigan State University Michigan Technical University Milwaukee School of Engineering Mississippi State University Missouri University of Science and Technology Montana Tech. of the UM Montana State University North Dakota State University Northern Kentucky University Northwestern University Ohio Northern University Oklahoma Christian University Olin College of Engineering
© MFA 2012
North America (2)
Oregon State University Parsons School of Design Penn State Behrend College Penn State University Pennsylvania State University Harrisburg Pittsburg State University Princeton University Purdue University (Campus license) Purdue University Calumet Robert Morris College Rochester Institute of Technology Rutgers University Saint Ambrose University Saint Louis University Smith College Southern Polytechnic State University Southern Utah University Stevens Institute of Technology (Campus license) Texas A&M University (Campus license) The Johns Hopkins University The Ohio State University The University of Alabama The University of Texas, Austin Tidewater Community College Tuskegee University United States Military Academy University of Alabama at Birmingham University of Alberta University of Arizona University of California, Davis University of Evansville University of California, Berkeley University of California, Irvine (Campus licence) University of California, Los Angeles University of California, Merced University of California, San Diego University of California, Santa Barbara University of Dayton University of Delaware
University of Minnesota University of Minnesota Duluth University of Mississippi University of Missouri University of Nebraska-Lincoln University of North Dakota University of North Texas University of North Florida University of Notre Dame University of Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh University of Puerto Rico — Mayaguez University of Southern California University of St. Thomas University of Tennessee University of Texas at Arlington University of Texas, Austin University of Texas El Paso University of Virginia University of Washington University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Vanderbilt University Virginia Tech (Campus license) Virginia State University Western Illinois University Western New England College Western Washington University Worcester Polytechnic Institute (Campus license) Wright State University