new additional phase ii activities matthiessen and hegeler zinc … · 2020. 9. 8. · company...
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1 S. Wacker Drive, 37th Floor, Chicago, IL 60606
Tel 312.201.7700 Fax 312.938.0118
March 5, 2014
Ms. Demaree Collier
Work Assignment Manager
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
77 West Jackson (SR-6J)
Chicago, Illinois 60604
Subject: Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum
Additional Phase II Activities
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site, Operable Unit 2
Contract No. EP-S5-06-02, Work Assignment No. 132-RICO-B568
Dear Ms. Collier:
SulTRAC is pleased to submit the attached Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) Addendum -
Additional Phase II Activities. This is an addendum to the document, “Attachment B, Quality Assurance
Project Plan - Revision 1, Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study, Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc
Company Site,” dated August 21, 2012. This QAPP Addendum is based on the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) approved Work Plan, Revision 3 for the Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc
Company Site, dated December 19, 2013
As described in the associated Field Sampling Plan Addendum, “Attachment A, Phase II Field Sampling
Plan - Addendum, Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study, Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company
Site,” dated March 5, 2014, additional surface soil samples will be collected at residences within
Operable Unit 2 (OU2) and submitted to a subcontracted laboratory for relative bioavailability of lead
and arsenic. These data will be used to further support the remedial investigation and associated risk
assessment.
The following Worksheets were revised to reflect changes to the QAPP:
Worksheet #11– Project Quality Objectives/Systematic Planning Process Statements
Worksheet #12 – Measurement Performance Criteria Table
Worksheet #14 – Summary of Project Tasks
Worksheet #15 – Reference Limits and Evaluation Table
Worksheet #17 – Sampling Design and Rationale
Worksheet #18 – Sampling Locations/IDs, Sample Depths, Sample Analyses and Sampling
Procedures Table
Worksheet #20 – Field Quality Control Sample Summary Table
Worksheet #21 – Project Sampling SOP References Table
Worksheet #23 – Analytical SOP References Table
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site, Operable Unit 2 Page 2
Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum
Worksheet #28 – QC Samples Table
Worksheet #30 – Analytical Services Table
In addition, Figure 6, Proposed Residential Surface Soil Sample Location Map, was added.
Changes on each of these worksheets are in bold.
SulTRAC appreciates the opportunity to serve EPA on this project and welcomes any comments or
suggestions you may have. Please feel free to contact me at (312) 443-0550 X 12 should you have
any questions regarding this material.
Sincerely,
William Earle SulTRAC Project Manager
cc: Ms. Alida Roberman, EPA QAPP Reviewer (letter only)
.
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site March 2014
Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568 Page 3
QAPP WORKSHEET #11
PROJECT QUALITY OBJECTIVES/SYSTEMATIC PLANNING PROCESS STATEMENTS
(UFP QAPP Section 2.6.1)
Who will use the data: EPA Region 5 and SulTRAC will use the data.
What will the data be used for? During the Phase II field investigation, the data will be used to further characterize contamination sources
as well as delineate the extent of contamination at the OU2 M&H Site. Data from both the Phase I and Phase II field investigations will be
used to conduct a risk assessment for the entire M&H Site and to evaluate remedial alternatives as part of the FS.
What type of data are needed (target analytes, analytical groups, field screening, on-site analytical or off-site laboratory techniques,
sampling techniques)? Air, soil (surface and subsurface), building material, surface water, and groundwater samples will be collected from
the OU2 M&H Site. Air samples will be collected during an 8-hour sampling period prior to Phase II field sampling. Soil samples will be
collected from borings and as surface grab samples. Building materials will be collected as grab samples from existing building structures
and residual material piles from collapsed and demolished buildings. Surface water samples will be collected from eight locations of known
areas of surface water documented on site. Groundwater samples will be collected from groundwater monitoring wells. Field screening
instruments will include (1) an Innov-X XRF analyzer to detect metals in soils, (2) a PCB/chloride analyzer to confirm PCBs in soils near
Building 100, (3) a photoionization detector (PID) to screen all groundwater and soil boring samples, and (4) a water quality meter to
monitor all groundwater parameters during sampling. Additionally, soil, sinter, and slag samples will be collected from throughout OU2,
including up to ten residential surface soil locations for relative bioavailability testing of lead and arsenic, in addition to TAL metals
(including mercury). Objectives of the baseline ecological risk assessment are to gain an understanding of the potential uptake of site-
specific contaminants by native plants and to provide site-specific information on the potential movement of contaminants within the food
chain. Therefore, SulTRAC will attempt to collect six vegetation sample pairs (12 samples) consisting of an aboveground sample and an
underground sample. SulTRAC will also attempt to collect approximately 75 earthworms at five locations within each of the four defined
on-site habitat areas. As a contingency, 10 soil samples will be collected from each of the four identified habitats at the M&H Site. These
soil samples will be used in 28-day bioavailability testing using earthworms and lettuce seedlings at a subcontracted laboratory that
specializes in these types of bioavailability tests and tissue analyses.
How “good” do the data need to be in order to support the environmental decision? Ultimately, the data need to allow full assessment
of the nature and extent of contamination in the soil/solid, water, and biota samples collected by SulTRAC. The data also need to be
validated and used to support risk assessment and the evaluation of remedial alternatives.
QAPP WORKSHEET #11 (CONTINUED)
PROJECT QUALITY OBJECTIVES/SYSTEMATIC PLANNING PROCESS STATEMENTS
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site March 2014 Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568 Page 4
How much data are needed (number of samples for each analytical group, matrix, and concentration)? SulTRAC will collect 4 air
samples (two inside the rolling mill and two in the main plant area); 120 samples from 60 soil borings; 50 building material samples; 8
surface water samples; and groundwater samples from 19 Phase I monitoring wells for the June 2008 groundwater event and from 36
monitoring wells (including 17 newly installed Phase II monitoring wells) thereafter for the seven quarters of groundwater sampling events
scheduled during the Phase II field investigation. In addition, 10 surface soil samples will be collected from residential surface soil
locations.
In addition, QC samples will be collected and analyzed, including duplicates, matrix spikes (MS), matrix spike duplicates (MSD), and trip
blanks.
Where, when, and how should the data be collected/generated? Phase II sampling activities will take place during Summer and Fall
2008 at the OU2 M&H Site. Prior to any intrusive field sampling, four locations will be sampled for asbestos, two areas inside the rolling
mill and two areas in the main plant. Samples will be collected from 60 soil boring locations (two sampled depth intervals each), 50
building structures, 8 surface water locations, and 19 Phase I monitoring wells and 17 newly installed Phase II monitoring wells.
Soil borings at 10 of the 60 soil sampling locations will be advanced to a depth greater than 12 feet below ground surface (bgs) depending
on PCB concentrations in the area of known PCB contamination at 12 feet bgs. All soil borings will be advanced by the Geoprobe®. All
monitoring wells will be installed using rotosonic or hollow-stem auger drilling techniques. All intrusive work will be performed by
subcontractors with a SulTRAC geologist.
During the spring of 2014, additional surface soil samples collected by a hand auger from 10 residential locations. (see Figure 6)
SulTRAC anticipates hiring subcontractors to perform monitoring well and piezometer installation, direct-push technology (Geoprobe®)
soil sampling, site surveying, site security, and site trailer mobilization.
Who will collect and generate the data? SulTRAC will collect the samples discussed herein. A subcontracted laboratory will analyze air,
soil, and solid samples for asbestos. A laboratory from the EPA CLP will analyze soil, building material, groundwater, and surface water
samples for VOCs, SVOCs, PCBs, pesticides, and TAL metals (including mercury) and cyanide. Additionally, a laboratory from the EPA
CLP will analyze soil samples (from the main plant area) for TCLP metals and SPLP metals, and building materials samples for TCLP
metals. A modified analysis will need to be ordered for building materials because of their overall size -- it will be difficult and near
impossible to grind and homogenize stone, brick, and wood samples in the field, and the CLP laboratories will need to perform this process.
Another modified analysis will need to be ordered to include hardness analysis for surface water samples by the CLP laboratories. All
modified analyses requests will be submitted 3 weeks in advance to the EPA Sample Management Office (SMO). SulTRAC also
anticipates submitting vegetation and soil invertebrate and/or soil/sinter/slag samples to a subcontracted laboratory for bioavailability and
bioassessibility testing.
QAPP WORKSHEET #11 (CONTINUED)
PROJECT QUALITY OBJECTIVES/SYSTEMATIC PLANNING PROCESS STATEMENTS
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site March 2014 Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568 Page 5
How will the data be reported? Data will be reported by the CLP laboratory using standard CLP data reporting techniques. Data will be
reported in electronic and hard-copy form. Subcontracted laboratory data will be reported by the subcontracted laboratory using standard
data reporting techniques. SulTRAC is responsible for conducting asbestos, bioassessibility, and bioavailability validation of the analytical
data generated by the subcontracted laboratory.
How will the data be archived? Electronic and hard copies of CLP analytical data will be archived by the CLP laboratory. Electronic and
hard copies of subcontracted laboratory data will be archived by the SulTRAC analytical coordinator. Field data (notebooks, sampling
sheets, etc.) will be maintained at SulTRAC’s Chicago office. SulTRAC will also provide 10-year data storage.
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site March 2014
Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568 Page 6
QAPP WORKSHEET #12
MEASUREMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA TABLE
Matrix Soil
Analytical Group1
Relative
Bioavailability(RBA)
of Lead3
Concentration
Level
Multi-concentration
Sampling
Procedure1
Analytical Method
SOP2 DQIs Measurement Performance Criteria
QC Sample and/or
Activity Used to
Assess
Measurement
Performance
QC Sample Assesses
Error for Sampling
(S), Analytical (A), or
both (S&A)
S-3 A-11 Precision RPD ≤ 50% Field duplicate S & A
S-3 A-11 Accuracy/
Bias-Contamination
Lead < QL Rinsate blank S & A
S-3 A-11
Accuracy/Bias
NIST 2710a acceptable range 60.7-
74.2%R Control Soil A
S-3 A-11 Accuracy/Bias Lead : 85-115 %R LCS A
S-3 A-11
Accuracy/Bias
Lead : 75-125 %R
MS A
S-3 A-11 Precision Lead: < 20% RPD Laboratory duplicate A
S-3 A-11 Sensitivity/Contamin
ation Metal <QL Method blank A
S-3 A-11 Completeness ≥ 90% Data completeness
defined as data not
qualified as rejected
after validation
S & A
(UFP QAPP Section 2.6.2)
QAPP WORKSHEET #12 (CONTINUED)
MEASUREMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA TABLE
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site March 2014 Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568 Page 7
Notes:
DQI Data quality indicator
LCS Laboratory control Sample
MS Matrix spike
QL Quantitation limit
%R Percent recovery
RPD Relative percent difference 1 Reference number from QAPP Worksheet #21 2 Reference number from QAPP Worksheet #23 3 Residential soils will also be analyzed for TAL metals ( including mercury)
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site March 2014
Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568 Page 8
QAPP WORKSHEET #14
SUMMARY OF PROJECT TASKS
(UFP QAPP Section 2.8.1)
Sampling Tasks:
1. Conduct asbestos air monitoring at two locations inside the rolling mill and at two locations in the former main industrial plant
area where analytical results indicated the highest detections of asbestos in soils during Phase I. The highest asbestos
concentrations were detected during Phase I inside the former main industrial plant.
2. Collect soil samples from 60 soil borings at two distinct depths (surface and subsurface).
3. Collect solid samples from 50 building structures.
4. Perform soil XRF screenings in remote areas not sampled using the Geoprobe®, and collect approximately 50 surface soil
samples for CLP analysis.
5. Collect groundwater samples from 19 Phase I monitoring wells during June 2008 and then from the additional 17 newly installed
Phase II monitoring wells (total of 36 monitoring wells) thereafter.
6. Collect surface water samples from eight locations at the beginning and end of Summer 2008.
7. Collect soil, sinter, and slag samples for relative bioavailability testing for lead and arsenic throughout OU2 (including
residential locations). Samples will also be tested for TAL metals (including mercury). 8. Collect paired vegetation and soil invertebrate or soil, sinter, slag samples for bioavailability testing.
9. Take digital photographs to document activities.
10. Log activities and tasks in field notebook.
11. Prepare sample documentation such as chain-of-custody forms, sample labels, custody seals, etc.
Analysis Tasks: The CLP laboratory will analyze samples for VOCs, SVOCs, PCBs, pesticides, TAL metals (including mercury) and
cyanide, TCLP metals, and SPLP metals. A subcontracted laboratory will analyze samples for asbestos in air samples, with performance
evaluation samples (provided by the EPA SMO). SulTRAC also anticipates submitting soil/sinter/slag samples for bioassessibility to a
subcontracted laboratory. Additionally, SulTRAC anticipates submitting paired vegetation and soil invertebrate samples to a
subcontracted laboratory for tissue analyses, with a contingency plan of sending to a subcontracted laboratory representative soil, sinter,
and slag samples in which to grow lettuce and to determine earthworm lethality.
QC Tasks: The following QC samples will be collected and analyzed during the sampling event: field duplicates, MS/MSD samples,
rinsate blanks, and trip blanks.
Secondary Data: See Worksheet #13
Data Management Tasks: Analytical data will be archived in an electronic database after validation.
QAPP WORKSHEET #14 (CONTINUED)
SUMMARY OF PROJECT TASKS
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site March 2014 Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568 Page 9
Documentation and Records: All samples collected will be documented in a logbook using a ballpoint pen. The time of collection,
identification number, sampling location, field observations, sampler’s name, and analyses will be recorded in the logbook for each
sample. Each page of the logbook will be dated, numbered, and signed by SulTRAC personnel. Field data records will be maintained at
SulTRAC’s Chicago office. SulTRAC will follow custody procedures outlined in SulTRAC’s program-level QAPP for the RAC 2
contract. Further specifications are described in the FSP.
Assessment/Audit Tasks: An audit of one off-site laboratory (asbestos analysis) is planned as part of this project.
Data Review Tasks: EPA will perform limited CADRE for all CLP data and will prepare a case narrative detailing any issues or
inconsistencies discovered. SulTRAC will review data generated by subcontracted laboratories. The SulTRAC project manager will
review the case narrative and will detail any analytical issues that may potentially affect data quality in the RI/FS report.
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site March 2014
Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568 Page 10
QAPP WORKSHEET #15
REFERENCE LIMITS AND EVALUATION TABLE
(UFP QAPP Section 2.8.1)
Reference Limits Table – Soil
Analytical Group Analyte CAS Number Project Action Limit Reporting Limit
RBA Arsenic 7440-38-2 N/A N/A
RBA Lead 7439-92-1 N/A N/A
Notes:
No project action limits are available. Analytical results will be used to calculate risk based values in the RI/FS. Results reported as a percentage of total lead and
arsenic available.
N/A Not available
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site March 2014 Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568 Page 11
QAPP WORKSHEET #17
SAMPLING DESIGN AND RATIONALE
(UFP QAPP Section 3.1.1)
Describe the sampling design and rationale in terms of what matrices will be sampled, what analytical groups will be analyzed and at what
concentration levels, the sampling locations (including QC, critical, and background samples), the number of samples to be collected, and
the sampling frequency (including seasonal considerations). (May refer to map or Worksheet #18 for details).
Based on the preliminary results of the 2007 Phase I field investigation, the nature of contamination at the OU2 M&H Site has been fairly well
characterized. The Phase II field investigation will further characterize the contamination sources and delineate the extent of contamination.
Therefore, soil, solids, groundwater, and surface water samples will be collected as summarized below.
Prior to field activities, asbestos air samples will be collected from two locations inside the rolling mill during an active business day within the
facility and two downwind locations from areas found to have the highest asbestos concentrations in surface soils within the main industrial area.
SulTRAC anticipates submitting four air samples and approximately 30 soil, 50 building material, and 10 performance evaluation samples for
asbestos analysis (provided by EPA SMO).
Surface and subsurface soil samples will be collected from 60 borings at two depth intervals per boring. The 60 soil borings will be located as
follows: (1) 10 soil borings will be located in the north area of the OU2 M&H Site; (2) 10 soil borings will be located in the northeast periphery of
the OU2 M&H Site (east of the Central Railroad and west of the Little Vermilion River); (3) 10 soil borings will be located in the main industrial
area; (4) 10 soil borings will be located around Building 100; (5) 10 soil borings will be located in the exterior northwest corner of the rolling mill;
and (6) 10 soil borings will be installed inside the rolling mill (see Figure 2).
Fifty of these soil borings will be advanced to a depth of 12 feet below ground surface (bgs) unless refusal is encountered before 12 feet. The
remaining 10 soil borings (near Building 100) will be advanced to a depth greater than 12 feet bgs depending on PCB concentrations in an area of
known PCB contamination at 12 feet bgs. In this known PCB contamination area, near Building 100, SulTRAC will be using PCB-specific
chemistry field kits to determine PCB concentrations at depths greater than 12 feet. The goal is to continue Geoprobe activities with depth until no
PCBs are detected via field kit results. This “clean” deep horizon will then be sampled and sent to the CLP laboratory for verification.
All the surface and subsurface samples from the combined 30 soil borings in the north area, northeast periphery area, and inside the rolling mill will
be analyzed for TAL metals (including mercury) and cyanide, VOCs, SVOCs, PCBs, and pesticides; only these surface samples will also be
analyzed for asbestos. All the surface and subsurface samples from the 10 soil borings located in the main industrial area will be sampled for
metals and undergo the synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) with five samples also being analyzed via the toxicity characteristic
leaching procedure (TCLP). Samples from the 10 soil boring locations in the exterior northwest corner of the rolling mill will be analyzed for
VOCs, and TAL metals (including mercury) and cyanide. The 10 soil borings located by Building 100 will be analyzed for PCBs, and TAL metals
(including mercury) and cyanide. Soil boring samples will be continuously collected using direct-push technology. Of the above listed soil boring
locations, 10 will be advanced by an all-terrain vehicle-mounted Geoprobe®, and an additional 10 borings will be drilled by hand-augering or using
a hand Geoprobe®. Samples will be analyzed for VOCs, SVOCs, PCBs, pesticides, metals, TCLP metals, and SPLP metals.
QAPP WORKSHEET #17 (CONTINUED)
SAMPLING DESIGN AND RATIONALE
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site March 2014 Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568 Page 12
During the Phase II field investigation, SulTRAC will coordinate with the EPA’s FIELDS team in screening approximately 200 surface soil
locations with an Innov-X XRF analyzer in an unbiased sampling approach using site sampling grids combined with EPA’s rapid assessment tools
(RAT). The purpose of the XRF field program is to gain extensive and high spatial resolution metals concentrations for the metals of interest
(based on the Phase I results)—arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, and zinc. This is particularly important in areas difficult for Geoprobe to access,
and for sampling in an unbiased manner during Phase II in order to determine contamination extent. SulTRAC will collect approximately 50
samples from these screened XRF locations for analytical measurement via CLP laboratory. These 50 samples will be analyzed for TAL metals
(including mercury) and cyanide. These fixed lab results will be calibrated against the XRF results at the 50 locations from which the samples had
been collected for fixed-lab analysis, creating a calibration curve against which all OU2 M&H Site XRF data can be matched.
SulTRAC will collect 50 building material samples from building structures throughout the OU2 M&H Site to be analyzed for VOCs, SVOCs,
PCBs, pesticides, TAL metals (including mercury) and cyanide, and TCLP metals (see Figure 3).
Seventeen new monitoring wells and six piezometers will be installed during July and August 2008 (see Figure 4). The 17 new monitoring wells
will be developed and advanced to depths ranging approximately from 13 to 44 feet bgs. Six monitoring wells will be installed around the rolling
mill to further delineate TCE contamination; one monitoring well will be installed near Building 100 to further delineate PCB contamination; 7
monitoring wells will be installed in the former main processing area; 2 monitoring wells will be installed in the northern area of the OU2 M&H
Site, and 1 additional monitoring well will be installed on the western perimeter of the site. The groundwater sampling program will include a total
of 7 quarters of groundwater sampling, of which 6 of the seven events will include both Phase I (19) and Phase II (17) monitoring wells. Samples
will be collected from all 36 wells for analysis for VOCs, SVOCs, pesticides, PCBs, and TAL metals (including mercury) and cyanide during the
four initial quarters. After the first four initial quarterly sampling events, analytical data will be evaluated to determine the chemicals of interest for
each well. A technical memorandum will be submitted to the EPA detailing the limited analyte groups (chemicals of interest) that will be sampled
for the second year of groundwater sampling (four quarters). SulTRAC assumes that for Phase I and Phase II second round of quarterly of sampling
all monitoring wells will be sampled for TAL metals (including mercury) and cyanide, and one-third of the monitoring wells will be sampled for the
other analyte groups (VOC, SVOC, pesticides, PCBs). The criteria used to select the monitoring well locations included geographic spread,
expected high and low contaminant concentrations, location, and groundwater depth. Groundwater samples will be collected from the installed and
developed monitoring wells constructed of PVC casing and a PVC 10-foot, 10 slot screen.
During the Phase II field investigation, SulTRAC will also collect surface water samples on two separate days. Two hydrologic investigations will
be conducted to sample surface water at the beginning of summer and at the end of the summer 2008. We are testing seasonal variations, as
precipitation variation exerted no influence during Phase I. Eight samples will be collected during each sampling event (see Figure 5). Three
drainage pipes discharging water were observed in the northeast corner of the site during a site visit in April 2008. Surface water samples will be
collected at these three locations, at two locations at the mouth and terminus of the creek emanating from the abandoned sewer line and emptying
into the Little Vermilion River, at one location in the north area where standing water is often witnessed, and at two locations of discharge from the
main industrial plant area. Surface water samples will be analyzed for VOCs, SVOCs, PCBs, pesticides, and filtered and unfiltered TAL metals
(including mercury) and cyanide, and total hardness.
QAPP WORKSHEET #17 (CONTINUED)
SAMPLING DESIGN AND RATIONALE
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site March 2014 Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568 Page 13
SulTRAC will conduct ecological (bioavailability sampling) and biological (bioassessibility sampling) investigations. Bioavailability sampling will
include aboveground and belowground vegetation sample pair samples as well as soil invertebrate sampling from areas of ecological interest in
OU2. If enough biomass cannot be collected, a contingency plan has been developed for SulTRAC to collect surface soil, sinter, and slag samples
to submit to a laboratory bioavailability testing for vegetation (lettuce) and earthworms. Relative bioavailability (RBA) of lead and arsenic
sampling will include soil, sinter, and slag sample collection throughout OU2. This will include residential locations. The residential locations to
be sampled for RBA of lead and arsenic were selected as follows:
Residential locations were divided into three categories according to reported lead concentrations obtained during Phase I
sampling activities.
The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) has set a cleanup level of 77 mg/kg, and is based on
the risk associated with a target blood lead concentration of 1 microgram per deciliter (µg/dL). For purposes of defining relative
concentration categories to represent the full range of soil lead concentrations at the site, the California risk-based level was used to
specify the low range. The EPA RSL for Residential lead in soil was used as the break point between medium- and high-range
categories. Thus, the three categories were high level (above 400 mg/kg; EPA RSL), medium level (77 to 400 mg/kg), and low level
(below 77 mg/kg; OEHHA cleanup level).
From these categories, residences will at first be selected randomly: three from high level, four from medium level, and three from
low level results.
If access agreements cannot be obtained, then alternate sampling will take place at residences with access agreements.
Samples collected in residential locations will also be analyzed for TAL metals (including mercury) by a CLP laboratory. These results will
aid in the comparability of the RBA results.
SulTRAC will analyze data from the soil, solids, surface water, and groundwater samples for the analytical groups listed above to delineate the
contamination present at the OU2 M&H Site.
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site March 2014 Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568 Page 14
QAPP WORKSHEET #18
SAMPLING LOCATIONS/IDS, SAMPLE DEPTHS, SAMPLE ANALYSES
AND SAMPLING PROCEDURES TABLE
(UFP QAPP Section 3.1.1)
Sampling Location1/
ID Number Matrix
Depth
(feet bgs) Analytical Group
Sampling SOP
Reference2
4 locations Air NA NIOSH Method 7402 (asbestos) S-1, S-2
30 locations (two depths each)
Soil3 0-2 and 2-12 or
refusal
CLP SOW SOM01.2 (VOC, SVOC, PCBs, and pesticides)
CLP SOW ILM05.4 (TAL metals, mercury, cyanide)
EPA Method 600/R-93-116 (asbestos) (0 to 2-foot bgs depth
only)
S-3, S-4, S-5, S-17
10 locations (two depths each)
Soil3 0-2 and 2-12 or
refusal
CLP SOW ILM05.4 (TAL metals, mercury, cyanide)
EPA SW-846 Method 1312 and CLP SOW ILM05.4 (SPLP
metals)
EPA SW-846 Method 1311 and CLP SOW ILM05.4 (TCLP
metals) (10 depths only)
S-3, S-4, S-5
10 locations (two depths each)
Soil3 0-2 and >12 CLP SOW SOM01.2 (PCBs)
CLP SOW ILM05.4 (TAL metals, mercury, cyanide)
S-3, S-4, S-5, S-18
10 locations (two depths each)
Soil3 0-2 and 2-12 or
refusal
CLP SOW SOM01.2 (VOC)
CLP SOW ILM05.4 (TAL metals, mercury, cyanide)
S-3, S-4, S-5
50 locations Soil3 Surface CLP SOW ILM05.4 (TAL metals, mercury, cyanide) S-3, S-7
12 locations Vegetation Surface SOW ILM05.4 (TAL metals, mercury) S-20
20 locations Soil invertebrates Surface ASTM Method E 1676-04 (bioavailability) S-3
40 locations (contingency) Soil Surface ASTM Method E 1676-04 (bioavailability) S-3
11 locations (non-residential) Soil (sinter, slag,
or soil)
Surface Relative bioassessibility leaching procedure S-16
10 locations (residential) 5 Soil (sinter, slag,
or soil)
Surface Relative bioavailability (RBA) for lead and arsenic
CLP SOW ISM01.3 (TAL metals, mercury)
S-3
50 locations Solids/building
materials
Surface CLP SOW SOM01.2 (VOC, SVOC, PCBs, and pesticides)
CLP SOW ILM05.4 (TAL metals, mercury, cyanide)
EPA SW-846 Method 1311 (TCLP metals)
EPA Method 600/R-93-116 (asbestos)
S-6, S-17
QAPP WORKSHEET #18 (CONTINUED)
SAMPLING LOCATIONS/IDS, SAMPLE DEPTHS, SAMPLE ANALYSES
AND SAMPLING PROCEDURES TABLE
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site March 2014 Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568 Page 15
Sampling Location1/
ID Number Matrix
Depth
(feet bgs) Analytical Group
Sampling SOP
Reference2
8 locations (two sampling
events)
Surface water Surface CLP SOW SOM01.2 (VOC, SVOC, PCBs, and pesticides)
CLP SOW ILM05.4 (TAL metals, mercury, cyanide)
EPA Method 130.1 (hardness)
S-15, S-20, S-21
36 locations Groundwater4 13 to 46 CLP SOW SOM01.2 (VOC, SVOC, PCBs, and pesticides)
CLP SOW ILM05.4 (TAL metals, mercury, cyanide)
S-12, S-13
Notes:
ASTM American Society of Testing Materials
CLP Contract laboratory program
ID Identification
NA Not applicable
NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
PCB Polychlorinated biphenyl
RBA Relative bioavailability
SPLP synthetic precipitation leaching procedure
SW Solid waste
SVOC Semi-volatile organic compound
TAL Target analyte list
TBD To be determined
TCLP Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure
VOC Volatile organic compound
1 See Figures 2 to 5 for sampling locations and Table 2 for specific sample identification numbers.
2 See Worksheet #21 for a list of sampling methods S-1 through S-19
3 Samples will be collected from soil borings.
4 Samples will be collected from 36 monitoring wells for the six quarters of groundwater sampling events scheduled for the Phase II field investigation
5 Residential samples will be identified using a unique sample ID number. The identifier will have the following format: Street – house number – depth – sample type
Sample identifiers will consist of the first four letters or numbers of a street name (e.g., BAKE for Baker Street, FIFT for 5th Street); the house/address number will
follow (e.g., “241” for 241 Grant Ave); a depth designator (“0 – 6” for zero to 6 inches bgs); and a suffix designating sample type (“B” for backyard, “D” for duplicate
sample, “V” for vegetable garden, “F” for flower garden, “P” for play area sample, and “R” for equipment rinsate). For example, a sample collected from 0 to 6 inches
bgs from a front yard at 241 Grant Ave would be designated as GRAN-241-0-6-F. A duplicate sample collected from 0 to 6 inches bgs in the back yard at 1430 -
5th Street would be designated FIFT-1430-0-6-B-D. The sample date and time will be recorded on the sample container, in field notebooks, and on chain-of-custody
forms.
.
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site March 2014 Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568 Page 16
QAPP WORKSHEET #20
FIELD QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLE SUMMARY TABLE
(UFP QAPP Section 3.1.1)
Matrix Analytical
Group
Analytical
and
Preparation
SOP
Reference1
No. of
Sampling
Locations
No. of
Samples
No. of Field
Duplicates2
No. of
MS/MSDs3
No. of Trip
Blanks4
No. of
Equipment
Rinsates
Total No. of
Samples to
Laboratory
Soil VOC/CLP A-1 40 80 8 4 5 2 99
Soil SVOC/CLP A-1 30 60 6 3 0 2 71
Soil PCBs/CLP A-1 40 80 8 4 0 2 94
Soil Pesticides/CLP A-1 30 60 6 3 0 2 71
Soil TAL Metals,
Mercury,
Cyanide/CLP
A-2 60 120 12 6 0 2 140
Soil TCLP Metals /
CLP
A-3 5 10 1 1 0 0 12
Soil SPLP Metals /
CLP
A-4 10 20 2 1 0 0 23
Soil (from XRF
screening event)
Metals A-2 200 50 5 3 0 0 58
Vegetation
(bioavailability)
Metals A-2 12 12 0 0 0 0 12
Soil Invertebrates
(bioavailability)
Metals A-5 4 20 0 0 0 0 20
Soil
(bioavailability)
(contingency)
Metals A-5 40 40 4 0 0 0 44
Soil (non-
residential)
RBA for Lead
and Arsenic
A-7 11 11 1 0 0 0 12
Soil (residential) RBA for Lead
and Arsenic
A-11 10 10 1 1 0 0 11
Soil (residential) TAL Metals,
Mercury
A-2 10 10 1 1 0 1 12
Soil5 Asbestos A-8 30 40 3 06 0 0 43
Air Asbestos A-9 4 4 0 0 0 0 4
Solid/Building
Material
Asbestos A-8 50 50 5 06 0 0 55
QAPP WORKSHEET #20 (CONTINUED)
FIELD QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLE SUMMARY TABLE
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site March 2014 Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568 Page 17
Matrix Analytical
Group
Analytical
and
Preparation
SOP
Reference1
No. of
Sampling
Locations
No. of
Samples
No. of Field
Duplicates2
No. of
MS/MSDs3
No. of Trip
Blanks4
No. of
Equipment
Rinsates
Total No. of
Samples to
Laboratory
Solid/Building
Material
VOC/CLP A-1 5 5 0 0 2 0 12
Solid/Building
Material
SVOC/CLP A-1 50 50 5 3 0 0 58
Solid/Building
Material
PCB/CLP A-1 50 50 5 3 0 0 58
Solid/Building
Material
Pesticide/CLP A-1 50 50 5 3 0 0 58
Solid/Building
Material
TAL Metals,
Mercury,
Cyanide/ CLP
A-2 50 50 5 3 0 0 58
Solid/Building
Material
TCLP Metals
/CLP
A-3 5 5 0 0 0 0 5
Surface Water7 VOC/CLP A-1 8 16 2 2 2 0 22
Surface Water7 SVOC/CLP A-1 8 16 2 2 0 0 20
Surface Water7 PCB/CLP A-1 8 16 2 2 0 0 20
Surface Water7 Pesticide/CLP A-1 8 16 2 2 0 0 20
Surface Water7 TAL Metals,
Mercury/ CLP
A-2 8 16 2 2 0 0 20
Surface Water7 TAL Cyanide
/CLP
A-2 8 16 2 2 0 0 20
Surface Water7 Total Hardness A-10 8 8 1 0 0 0 9
Groundwater8 VOC/CLP A-1 36 154 16 18 10 18 216
Groundwater8 SVOC/CLP A-1 36 154 16 18 0 18 206
Groundwater8 PCB/CLP A1 36 154 16 18 0 18 206
Groundwater8 Pesticide/CLP A-1 36 154 16 18 0 18 206
Groundwater8 TAL Metals,
Mercury/CLP
A-2 36 250 25 18 0 18 206
Groundwater8 TAL Cyanide
/CLP
A-2 36 154 16 18 0 18 206
QAPP WORKSHEET #20 (CONTINUED)
FIELD QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLE SUMMARY TABLE
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site March 2014 Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568 Page 18
Notes:
Sample numbers in this table reflect field QC samples collected during each sampling event.
1 Analytical and preparation SOPs are listed in Worksheet #23.
2 Field duplicates are collected at a rate of 1 per 10 investigative samples of the same matrix.
3 MS/MSD samples are collected at a rate of 1 per 20 investigative samples of the same matrix.
4 A trip blank will be provided with each shipping container to be analyzed for VOCs.
5 Solid asbestos samples include 30 soil samples and 10 performance evaluation samples.
6 No MS/MSD samples will be collected for asbestos soils/solids.
7 Surface water samples will be collected at the beginning and the end of Summer 2008.
8 The table presents the minimum number of primary sampling locations. The installed Phase I monitoring wells (MW1 through MW18) will be sampled for a reduced
analyte list beginning the Winter 2008 groundwater sampling event. The Phase I reduced list will be decided after the Fall 2008 groundwater sampling event after a
technical memorandum (#1) (Phase I wells only) is submitted to the EPA detailing the initial four quarters of sampling results from MW1 through MW18. Phase II
monitoring wells (MW19 through MW35) will be sampled for a reduced analyte list beginning in the Summer 2009 event. The Phase II reduced list will be decided after
the Spring 2009 groundwater sampling event after a technical memorandum (#2) (Phase II only) is submitted to the EPA detailing the initial four quarters of sampling
results from MW19 through MW35.
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site March 2014 Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568 Page 19
QAPP WORKSHEET #21
PROJECT SAMPLING SOP REFERENCES TABLE
(UFP Section 3.1.2)
Reference
Number Title, Revision, Date and/or Number
Originating
Organization Equipment Type
Modified for
Project
Work? (Y/N) Comments
S-1 Air Quality Monitoring, Revision No. 0,
November 1999, SOP 073
Tetra Tech EM Inc. Air sampler, asbestos filter,
CMS cartridge, or a GC
adsorbent cartridge
N None
S-2 Calibration of Air Sampling Pump, Revision
No. 0, November 1999
Tetra Tech EM Inc. Air sampling pump, digital
calibrator (soap bubble
meter), soap solution
temperature and pressure
gauge
N None
S-3 Soil Sampling, Revision No. 2, August 2013,
SOP 005
SulTRAC Spoon or spatulas, trowel,
split-spoon sampler,
coring tools
N None
S-4 Using the Geoprobe System, Revision No. 1,
December 1999, SOP 054
Tetra Tech EM Inc. Shelby tube drive head,
probe drive Geoprobe
Systems
N None
S-5 Sludge and Sediment Sampling, Revision No.
3, January 2000, SOP 006
Tetra Tech EM Inc. Sample containers,
stainless-steel scoop or
trowel, hand corer, Ponar
grab sampler
N None
S-6 Bulk Material Sampling, Revision No. 3,
December 1999, SOP 007
Tetra Tech EM Inc. Sample containers,
stainless-steel scoop, trowel,
coring tools
N None
S-7 Field Portable Innov-X XRF Spectrometry for
the Determination of Elemental Concentrations
in Soil, Revision 3, February, 2007, XRF SOP
EPA Field Portable Innov-X XRF
Analyzer
N None
QAPP WORKSHEET #21 (CONTINUED)
PROJECT SAMPLING SOP REFERENCES TABLE
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site March 2014 Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568 Page 20
Reference
Number Title, Revision, Date and/or Number
Originating
Organization Equipment Type
Modified for
Project
Work? (Y/N) Comments
S-81 Monitoring Well Installation, Revision No. 3,
December 2000, SOP 020
Tetra Tech EM Inc. Casing materials, well
screen materials, filter pack
materials, annular sealant,
grouting materials, tremie
pipe, surface completion
and protective casing
materials, concrete surface
pad and bumper post,
uncontaminated water
N None
S-9 Borehill Drilling-Hollow Stem Auger Drilling,
Revision No. 1, March 1992, SOP 045
Tetra Tech EM Inc. Hollow stem auger drill rig
(with associated drill tools
and hardware)
N None
S-101 Monitoring Well Development, Revision No. 3,
October 2000, SOP 021
Tetra Tech EM Inc. Pumps, air compressors,
bailers, surge blocks
N None
S-11 Static Water Level, Total Well Depth, and
Immiscible Layer Measurement,
Revision No. 0, December 1999, SOP 014
Tetra Tech EM Inc. Electrical water level
indicator, interface probe,
PID or FID
N None
S-12 Groundwater Sample Using Micropurge
Technology, Revision No. 1,
January 2000, SOP 015
Tetra Tech EM Inc. Water level indicator,
adjustable flow rate pump,
discharge flow controller,
flow-through cell, pH probe,
dissolved oxygen probe,
turbidity meter, oxidation
and reduction probe,
containers
N None
S-13 Groundwater Sampling Revision No. 3
March 2000 SOP 010
Tetra Tech EM Inc. Sample bottles, high-density
polyethylene bailer, or
peristaltic pumps
N None
S-14 Slug Test, Draft, June 1995, SOP Slug Test Sullivan International
Group
Slug, an electronic data
logger, pressure transducer,
conductor cable
N None
S-15 Surface Water Sampling, Revision No. 3,
December 1999, SOP 009
Tetra Tech EM Inc. Sample bottles, dipper, or
other device made of inert
material (stainless steel or
Teflon)
N None
QAPP WORKSHEET #21 (CONTINUED)
PROJECT SAMPLING SOP REFERENCES TABLE
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site March 2014 Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568 Page 21
Reference
Number Title, Revision, Date and/or Number
Originating
Organization Equipment Type
Modified for
Project
Work? (Y/N) Comments
S-16 The In-Vitro Method, Relative Bioavailability
Leaching Procedure, 2003
Laboratory for
Environmental and
Geological Studies
(LEGS)
Extraction device, wide-
mouth HDPE bottles,
Plexiglas tank, circulator
heater
N None
S-17 Asbestos Sampling, Revision No. 0, April
2003, SOP S014
Sullivan International
Group
Sample containers with
Teflon-lined lids or Ziploc
bags, coring tools
N None
S-18 Test Method for Polychlorinated Biphenyls in
Soil, Revision No. 0, December 1996
EPA L2000 PCB/chloride
analyzer or equivalent
N None
S-191 General Equipment Decontamination,
Revision No. 1, May 2013, SOP 002
Sullivan
International Group
Scrub brushes, large wash
tubs or buckets, Alconox,
distilled water
N None
S-20 Sava, Roger. 1994. “Guide to Sampling Air,
Water, Soil, and Vegetation for Chemical
Analysis.” California Environmental
Protection Agency. Environmental Hazards
Assessment Program, State of California. June.
California
Environmental
Protection Agency.
Environmental
Hazards Assessment
Program
Stainless steel sheers and
stainless steel trowels,
ziplock bags
N None
S-21 US EPA Region 6. Water-Quality Samples for
Dissolved Metals-in-Water, SOP No. ,
Revision 0. January 13, 2000.
US EPA Region 6 Tygon tubing, pump,
0.45m filter, 1-L HDPE
bottle
N None
Notes:
CMS Carbon molecular sieve
FID Flame ionization detector
GC Gas chromatograph
HDPE High-density polyethylene
PID Photoionization detector
SOP Standard operating procedure
1 SulTRAC will use these non-sampling SOPs for field activities other than sampling as specified in the SOP.
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site March 2014 Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568 Page 22
QAPP WORKSHEET #23
ANALYTICAL SOP REFERENCES TABLE
(UFP QAPP Section 3.2.1)
Reference
Number
Title, Revision, Date, and/or
Number
Definitive or
Screening Data
Analytical
Group Instrument
Organization
Performing Analysis
Modified for
Project Work?
A-1 CLP SOW SOM01.2 for Organics
Analysis, Multi-Media, Multi-
Concentration
Definitive VOA, SVOA GC/mass spectroscopy CLP Laboratory No
A-1 CLP SOW SOM01.2 for Organics
Analysis, Multi-Media, Multi-
Concentration
Definitive PCB, pesticide GC/electron capture detector CLP Laboratory No
A-2 CLP SOW ILM05.4 for Inorganic
Analysis, Multi-Media, Multi-
Concentration
Definitive TAL Metals,
Mercury, and
Cyanide
ICP/AES
ICP/mass spectroscopy
Cold vapor atomic absorption
CLP Laboratory No
A-31 EPA SW-846, Method 1311,
Method for Toxicity Characteristic
Leaching Procedure
Definitive TCLP Metals ICP/AES
ICP/mass spectroscopy
Cold vapor atomic absorption
CLP Laboratory No
A-41 EPA SW-846, Method 1312,
Method for Synthetic Precipitation
Leaching Procedure
Definitive SPLP Metals ICP/AES
CLP Laboratory No
A-5 ASTM Method E 1676-04,
Method for Conducting Laboratory
Soil Toxicity or Bioaccumulation
for Soil Invertebrates
Definitive NA NA Test America No
A-6 ASTM Method E 1598-94,
Method for Conducting Early
Seedling Growth Tests
Definitive NA NA Subcontracted
Laboratory
No
A-7 Relative Bioavailability Leaching
Procedure Standard Operating
Procedure 2003.
Definitive Lead and
Arsenic
See SOP LEGS No
A-8 EPA Method 600/R-93-116,
Method for the Determination of
Asbestos in Bulk Building Materials
Definitive Asbestos Polarized light microscopy STAT Analysis
Corporation
No
QAPP WORKSHEET #23 (CONTINUED)
ANALYTICAL SOP REFERENCES TABLE
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site March 2014 Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568 Page 23
Reference
Number
Title, Revision, Date, and/or
Number
Definitive or
Screening Data
Analytical
Group Instrument
Organization
Performing Analysis
Modified for
Project Work?
A-9 NIOSH Method 7402,
Method for the Determination of
Asbestos in Ambient Air
Definitive Asbestos Transmission electron
microscopy
STAT Analysis
Corporation
No
A-10 EPA Method 130.1,
Hardness, total (mg/L as CaCO3)
(Colorimetric, Automated EDTA)
Definitive Hardness
(Surface Water)
Spectrophotometer CLP
Modified Analysis
No
A-11 Standard Operating Procedure
2130 In Vitro Bioaccessibility
Preparation Procedure, Revision
00, December 2012
Definitive RBA See SOP for extraction
apparatus details.
ICP-AES
STAT Analysis
Corporation
No
Notes:
AES Atomic emission spectroscopy
CaCO3 Calcium carbonate
CLP Contract laboratory program
EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
ICP Inductively coupled plasma
NA Not applicable
1 TCLP and SPLP extraction procedures listed; analytical method for leachate is A-2, CLP SOW ILM05.4 for Inorganic Analysis, Multi-Media, Multi-Concentration.
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site March 2014 Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568 Page 24
QAPP WORKSHEET #28
QC SAMPLES TABLE
Matrix Soil
Analytical Group
Relative Bioavailability
(RBA) of lead
Concentration Level Multi-concentration
Sampling SOP S-1,
Analytical Method/
SOP Reference
A-11
Sampler’s Name/
Organization
Jennifer
Knoepfle/SulTRAC
Analytical Organization CLP Laboratory
No. of Sampling Locations See Worksheet #18
QC Sample
Frequency/
Number CA
Person(s)
Responsible for
CA DQI
Measurement
Performance
Criteria
Method Blank 1 per extraction batch
of 20 samples
maximum
If sufficient volume is available, extract
and reanalyze samples in affected batch.
If sufficient volume is not available,
reanalyze affected extracts.
Laboratory Analyst Sensitivity/
Contamination
No target compounds
> QL
MS
1 per extraction batch
of 20 samples
maximum
If sufficient volume is available, extract
and reanalyze samples in affected batch.
Otherwise, analyze laboratory control
sample to see if problem is analysis or
sample.
Laboratory Analyst Accuracy/Bias 75-125 %R
Laboratory Duplicate 1 per extraction batch
of 20 samples
maximum
If sufficient volume is available, extract
and reanalyze samples in affected batch.
Otherwise, analyze laboratory control
sample to see if problem is analysis or
sample.
Laboratory Analyst Precision <20% RPD
QAPP WORKSHEET #28 (CONTINUED)
QC SAMPLES TABLE
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site March 2014 Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568 Page 25
Matrix Soil
Analytical Group
Relative Bioavailability
(RBA) of lead
Concentration Level Multi-concentration
Sampling SOP S-1,
Analytical Method/
SOP Reference
A-11
Sampler’s Name/
Organization
Jennifer
Knoepfle/SulTRAC
Analytical Organization CLP Laboratory
No. of Sampling Locations See Worksheet #18
QC Sample
Frequency/
Number CA
Person(s)
Responsible for
CA DQI
Measurement
Performance
Criteria
NIST Control Sample 1 per extraction batch
of 20 samples
maximum
If sufficient volume is available, extract
and reanalyze samples in affected batch.
Otherwise, analyze laboratory control
sample to see if problem is analysis or
sample.
Laboratory Analyst Accuracy NIST 2710a
acceptable range
60.7-74.2%R
Notes:
CA Corrective action
CLP Contract laboratory program
DQI Data quality indicator
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
QC Quality control
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site March 2014 Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568 Page 26
QAPP WORKSHEET #30
ANALYTICAL SERVICES TABLE
(UFP QAPP Section 3.5.2.3)
Matrix Analytical Group Concentration Level
Sampling
Location/ID
Number
Analytical
SOP
Data Package
Turnaround
Time
Laboratory/Organization
(Name and Address,
Contact Person, and
Telephone Number)
Backup
Laboratory/Organization
(Name and Address,
Contact Person and
Telephone Number)
Soil/Solid1 VOC
SVOC
PCBs
Pesticides
TAL Metals,
Mercury, and
Cyanide
TCLP Metals
SPLP Metals
Lead/Arsenic
Asbestos
Low concentration
Medium
concentration
Low concentration
Low concentration
Multi-concentration
Multi-concentration
Multi-concentration
Multi-concentration
Low concentration
See Table 1,
Table 2,
Figure 2, and Figure 3
A-1
A-1
A-1
A-1
A-2
A-3
A-4
A-7
A-8 and A-
9
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
TBD
TBD
CLP laboratory identified
by EPA Region 5
Subcontracted laboratory
for vegetation/soil
invertebrate samples
LEGS (Dr. Drexler)
STAT Analysis
Corporation
CLP laboratory identified by
EPA Region 5
Subcontracted laboratory for
vegetation/soil invertebrate
samples
LEGS (Dr. Drexler)
STAT Analysis Corporation
QAPP WORKSHEET #30 (CONTINUED)
ANALYTICAL SERVICES TABLE
Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site February 2014 Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568 Page 27
Matrix Analytical Group Concentration Level
Sampling
Location/ID
Number
Analytical
SOP
Data Package
Turnaround
Time
Laboratory/Organization
(Name and Address,
Contact Person, and
Telephone Number)
Backup
Laboratory/Organization
(Name and Address,
Contact Person and
Telephone Number)
Water VOC
SVOC
PCB
Pesticide
TAL Metals,
Mercury
Cyanide
Total Hardness
Low concentration
Low concentration
Low concentration
Low concentration
Multi-concentration
Multi-concentration
TBD
See Figure 4
and Figure
5
See Table 2
A-1
A-1
A-1
A-1
A-2
A-2
A-10
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
CLP Laboratory identified
by EPA Region 5
CLP Laboratory identified
by EPA Region 5
Soil
(Residential)
RBA
TAL Metals,
Mercury
Multi-concentration See Figure
6
and See
Table 2
A-11 10 days STAT Analysis
Corporation
Jason Kornfeind
2242 West Harrison,
Suite 200
Chicago, IL 60612
TestAmerica-Chicago
Therese Hargraves
2417 Bond Street
University Park, IL 60484
Note:
1 solids refer to building materials
CLP Contract laboratory program
PCB Polychlorinated biphenyl
RBA Relative bioavailability
SPLP synthetic precipitation leaching procedure
SVOC Semi-volatile organic compound
TAL Target analyte list
TBD To be determined
TCLP Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure
VOC Volatile organic compound
FIGURES
953 7TH ST
1430 5TH ST
852 25TH ST
890 GRANT ST(ALTERNATE)
905 BAKER ST(ALTERNATE)
1550 TONTI ST
241 GRANT AVE
1533 LAHARPE ST
1204 HENNEPIN ST
1251 STERLING ST
2043 CHARTRES ST
2200 ST VINCENTS AVE
MATTHIESSEN AND HEGELER ZINC COMPANY SITEOPERABLE UNIT 2, LASALLE COUNTY, ILLINOIS
EPA REGION 5 RAC 2 | REVISION 0 | FEBRUARY 2014
FIGURE 6
GRAPHIC SCALE
0 1,000 2,000
feet
1 inch = 1,000 feet£PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL SURFACE
SOIL SAMPLE LOCATION MAP
LEGEND:
Lead >400 ppm
Lead 77-400 ppm
Lead <77 ppm
Site operable unit
NOTES:Surface soil samples collected from 0-6 inches bgs will be analyzed for TAL metals and relative bioavailability (RBA) for lead and arsenic.
Residential properties are considered part of OU2.
OU2
OU1
Matthiessen and HegelerZinc Company Site
SOP APPROVAL FORM
PROJECT-SPECIFIC
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE
SOIL SAMPLING
SOP NO. 005
REVISION NO. 2
Last Reviewed: August 2013
19 August 2013
Quality Assurance Approved Date
SulTRAC – Project-Specific SOP No. 005 Page 1 of 17Title: Soil Sampling Revision No. 2, June 2009
Last Reviewed: August 2013
1.0 BACKGROUND
Soil sampling is conducted for three main reasons: for laboratory chemical analysis, laboratory physical
analysis, or visual classification and field screening. These three sampling objectives can be achieved
separately or in combination with each other. Sampling locations are typically chosen to provide
chemical, physical, or visual information in both the horizontal and vertical directions. A sampling and
analysis plan is used to outline sampling methods and provide preliminary rationale for sampling
locations. Sampling locations may be adjusted in the field based on the screening methods being used
and the physical features of the area.
1.1 PURPOSE
Soil sampling is conducted to determine the chemical, physical, and visual characteristics of surface and
subsurface soils.
1.2 SCOPE
This standard operating procedure (SOP) describes procedures for soil sampling in different areas using
various implements. It includes procedures for test pit, surface soil, and subsurface soil sampling, and
describes ten soil sampling devices.
1.3 DEFINITIONS
Hand auger: Instrument attached to the bottom of a length of pipe that has a crossarm or “T” handle at
the top. The auger can be closed-spiral or open-spiral.
Bucket auger: A type of auger that consists of a cylindrical bucket 10 to 72 inches in diameter with teeth
arranged at the bottom.
Core sampler: Thin-wall cylindrical metal tube with diameter of 0.5 to 3 inches, a tapered nosepiece, a
“T” handle to facilitate sampler deployment and retrieval, and a check valve (flutter valve) in the
headpiece.
SulTRAC – Project-Specific SOP No. 005 Page 2 of 17Title: Soil Sampling Revision No. 2, June 2009
Last Reviewed: August 2013
EnCoreTM sampler: A disposable volumetric sampling device. It comes in sample sizes of 5 and 25
grams. It is a hermetically sealed, single-use soil sampler made from a high-tech, inert polymer.
EnCoreTM samplers are used to collect soil samples with zero headspace, as required for volatile organic
compound analysis. Each sample is collected using a reuseable “T” handle.
Spatulas or Spoons: Stainless steel or disposable instruments for collecting loose unconsolidated
material.
Trier: Tube cut in half lengthwise with a sharpened tip that allows for collection of sticky solids or
loosening of cohesive soils.
Trowel: Metal or disposable tool with a scooped blade 4 to 8 inches long and 2 to 3 inches wide with a
handle.
Split-Spoon (or Split-Barrel) Sampler: Thick-walled steel tube that is split lengthwise. A cutting shoe
is attached to the lower end; the upper end contains a check valve and is connected to drill rods.
Thin-Wall Tube Sampler: Steel tube (1 to 3 millimeters thick) with a tapered bottom edge for cutting.
The upper end is fastened to a check valve that is attached to drill rods.
Volatile Organics Analysis (VOA) Plunger: Disposable, plastic, single-use soil sample collection
device for volatile organic compound sample collection.
1.4 REFERENCES
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (EPA) 1984. “Soil Sampling Quality Assurance Users Guide.”EPA 600/4-84-043.
EPA. 1980. “Samplers and Sampling Procedures for Hazardous Waste Streams.” EPA 600/2-80-018.January.
EPA 1983. “Preparation of Soil Sampling Protocol: Techniques and Strategies.” EPA 600/4-83-020.
EPA. 1987. “A Compendium of Superfund Field Operations Methods.” OSWER Directive 9355.0-14(EPA/540/P-87/001).
SulTRAC – Project-Specific SOP No. 005 Page 3 of 17Title: Soil Sampling Revision No. 2, June 2009
Last Reviewed: August 2013
EPA. 1991. “Handbook of Suggested Practices for the Design and Installation of Ground-WaterMonitoring Wells.” March. EPA/600/4-89/034.
EPA. 1994. “Soil Sampling.” Environmental Response Team SOP #2012 (Rev. #0.0, 11/16/94).http://www.ert.org/products/2012.pdf
EPA. 1996. SW-846, Method 5035, Closed-System Purge-and-Trap and Extraction for VolatileOrganics in Soil and Waste Samples. December.http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/testmethods/sw846/pdfs/5035.pdf
1.5 REQUIREMENTS AND RESOURCES
Soil sampling requires the use of one or more of the following types of equipment:
Spoons and spatulas
Trowel
Shovel or spade
Trier
Core sampler
EnCoreTM sampler
VOA Plunger
Hand auger
Bucket auger
Split-spoon
Thin-wall tube
In addition, the following equipment is also needed for various methods:
Sample containers, labels, and chain-of-custody forms
Logbook
Tape for measuring recovery
Soil classification information
Wax or caps for sealing ends of thin-wall tube
“T” Handles
Plastic sheeting
Decontamination equipment
Drilling equipment
Backhoe
Health and safety equipment
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2.0 SOIL SAMPLING PROCEDURES
This SOP presents procedures for conducting test pit, surface soil, and subsurface soil sampling. The site
sampling plan will specify which of the following procedures will be used.
Soil samples for chemical analysis should be collected in the following order: (1) volatile organics,
(2) semivolatile organics, and (3) metals. Once the chemical samples have been containerized, samples
for physical analyses can be containerized. Typical physical analyses conducted include (1) grain size
distribution, (2) moisture content, (3) saturated permeability, (4) unsaturated permeability, and
(5) Atterberg limits. Additionally, visual descriptions of samples, using the Unified Soil Classification
System (USCS), should be recorded. Field tests such as head space analyses can also be conducted.
Soil samples for chemical analyses can be collected either as grab samples or composite samples. A grab
sample is collected from a discrete location or depth. A composite sample consists of soil combined from
more than one discrete location. Typically, composite samples consist of soil obtained from several
locations and homogenized in a stainless steel or Teflon® pan, tray, or baggie. Refer to the site-specific
Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) for methodology for composite sample collection. Samples for
volatile organics analysis should not be composited.
All soil samples collected should be packaged and shipped to the laboratories in accordance with SOP
019. All nondedicated or nondisposable equipment used for soil sampling should be decontaminated
between sampling locations in accordance with SOP 002.
2.1 SOIL SAMPLE COLLECTION PROCEDURES
Soil samples can be collected as discrete samples for volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis using
specialized equipment for preservation in the laboratory or in the field. Soil samples collected for non-
VOC analysis can be collected as either grab or composite samples using standard equipment.
2.1.1 Procedure for Preserving and Collecting Soil Samples for VOC analysis
Samples collected for VOC analysis using traditional methods, such as collection in a jar with no
preservation, are shown to yield nonrepresentative samples due to loss of VOCs. To prevent such losses,
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preservation with methanol or sodium bisulfite may be used to minimize volatilization and
biodegradation. This preservation may be performed in the laboratory or in the field, depending on the
sample collection methodology used. The specific sampling methodology will be specified in the project-
specific QAPP or work plan.
Soil samples to be preserved in the laboratory are collected using SW-846 Method 5035. For samples
preserved in the field, laboratories may perform low-level analysis (sodium bisulfate preservation) or
high- to medium-level analyses (methanol preservation), depending on the project-specific QAPP.
The following procedures outline the necessary steps for collecting soil samples to be preserved at the
laboratory, and for collecting soil samples to be preserved in the field with methanol or sodium bisulfate.
2.1.1.1 Soil Samples to be Preserved at the Laboratory
Soil samples collected for VOC analysis that are to be preserved at the laboratory shall be obtained using
a hand-operated, hermetically sealed sample vial such as an EnCoreTM sampler. Each sample shall be
obtained using a reusable sampling handle (“T” handle) that can be provided with the EnCoreTM sampler
when requested and purchased. Collect the soil sample in the following manner for each EnCoreTM
sampler.
The EnCoreTM sampler is loaded into the “T” handle with the plunger fully depressed. Press the “T”
handle into the soil to be sampled. The plunger will be forced upward as the cavity fills with soil. When
the sampler is full, using the “T” handle, rotate the plunger and lock it into place. If the plunger does not
lock, then it is not filled with soil. Soft soil may require several plunges or forcing soil against a hard
surface such as a decontaminated sample trowel to ensure headspace has been eliminated. Remove soil
from the outside of the sampler so a tight seal can be made between the sample cap and the O-ring. With
soil slightly piled above the rim of the sampler, force the cap on until the catches hook the side of the
sampler. Remove any surface soil from outside of the sampler and place in the foil bag provided with the
sampler. Label the bag with sample location information. Typically, collect three EnCoreTM samplers
per sample location. Decontaminate the “T” handle between sample locations.
Using the EnCoreTM sampler eliminates the need for field preservation and the shipping restrictions
associated with preservatives. A complete set of instructions is included with each EnCoreTM sampler.
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After the EnCoreTM samples are collected, they should be placed on ice immediately and delivered to the
laboratory within 48 hours. The samples must be preserved by the laboratory within 48 hours of
collection.
2.1.1.2 Soil Samples to be Preserved in the Field
Soil samples preserved in the field may be prepared for analysis using both the low-level (sodium
bisulfate preservation) and high- to medium-level (methanol preservation) methods. If samples
effervesce when placed in preservative, it is necessary to collect a sample unpreserved, in deionized
water. In addition, an unpreserved sample for determination of moisture content must also be collected
when collecting soil samples to be preserved in the field.
Methanol Preservation (High to Medium Level). Bottles may be pre-spiked with methanol in the
laboratory or prepared in the field. Soil samples to be preserved in the field with methanol shall utilize
40- to 60-milliliter (mL) glass vials with septum-lined lids. Each sample bottle shall be filled with 25 mL
of demonstrated analyte-free purge-and-trap grade 3 methanol. The preferred method for adding
methanol to the sample bottle is by removing the lid and using a pipette or scaled syringe to add the
methanol directly to the bottle.
Soil shall be collected with the use of a decontaminated (or disposable), small-diameter coring device
such as a disposable VOA plunger. The outside diameter of the coring device must be smaller than the
inside of the sample bottle neck. To collect the sample, pull the plunger back to the required location,
insert it into the soil to be sampled, push the coring device into the soil, extrude the soil sample into the
methanol-preserved sample bottle, and cap the bottle tightly. Swirl the sample (do not shake) in the
methanol to break up the soil such that all of the soil is covered with methanol. Place the sample on ice
immediately.
Sodium Bisulfate Preservation (Low Level). Bottles may be prepared in the laboratory or in the field
with sodium bisulfate solution. Samples to be field-preserved using sodium bisulfate are collected using
the same procedures described for methanol preservation.
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2.1.2 Procedure for Collecting Soil Samples for Non-VOC Analyses
Samples collected for non-VOC analyses may be collected as either grab or composite samples as
follows. Using a sampling device, transfer a portion of soil to be sampled to a stainless steel bowl,
disposable inert plastic tray, or baggie. Remove roots, vegetation, sticks, and stones larger than the size
of pea gravel. Thoroughly mix the soil to obtain as uniform a texture and color as practicable. Transfer
the mixed soil to the appropriate sample containers and close the containers. Place the sample containers
immediately on ice.
2.2 TEST PIT AND TRENCH SOIL SAMPLING
Test pit and trench soil sampling is conducted when a complete soil profile is required or as a means of
locating visually detectable contamination. This type of sampling provides a detailed description of the
soil profile and allows for multiple samples to be collected from specific soil horizons. Prior to
conducting any test pit or trench excavation with a backhoe, the sampling team should ensure that the
sampling area is clear of utility lines, subsurface pipes, and poles.
A test pit or trench is excavated by incrementally removing soil material with a backhoe bucket. The
excavated soil is placed on plastic sheeting well away from the edge of the test pit. A test pit should not
be excavated to depths greater than 4 feet unless its walls are properly sloped or stabilized. No personnel
shall enter any test pit or trench excavation over 4 feet deep; such action would constitute confined space
entry and must conform with Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations at Title
29 of the Code of Federal Regulations § 1910.
Personnel entering the test pit may be exposed to toxic or explosive gases and oxygen deficient
environments. Air monitoring is required before entering the test pit, and the use of appropriate
respiratory gear and protective clothing is mandatory. At least two persons must be present at the test pit
before sampling personnel may enter the excavation and begin soil sampling. Refer to project-specific
Health and Safety Plans for required safety procedures for excavations.
Soil samples can also be obtained directly from the backhoe bucket or from the excavated material after it
has been removed and deposited on plastic sheeting. The sampling personnel shall direct the backhoe
excavator to obtain material from the selected depth and location within the excavation. The backhoe
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operator shall set the backhoe bucket on the ground in a designated location, at a sufficient distance from
the excavation to allow the sampler safe access to the bucket. The backhoe operator shall disengage the
controls and signal to the sampler that it is safe to approach the bucket. The soil sample shall then be
collected from the center of the backhoe bucket to reduce the potential for cross-contamination of the
sample.
Test pits are not practical for sampling at depths greater than 15 feet. If soil samples are required from
depths greater than 15 feet, samples should be obtained using test borings instead of test pits. Test pits
are also usually limited to a few feet below the water table. In some cases, a pumping system may be
required to control the water level within the pits.
Access to open test pits should be restricted by the use of flagging, tape, or fencing. If a fence is used, it
should be erected at least 6 feet from the perimeter of the test pit. The test pit should be backfilled as
soon as possible after sampling is completed.
Various equipment may be used to collect soil samples from the walls or bottom of a test pit. A hand
auger, bucket auger, or core sampler can be used to obtain samples from various depths. A trier, trowel,
EnCoreTM sampler, VOA plunger, or spoon can be used to obtain samples from the walls or pit bottom
surface.
2.3 SURFACE SOIL SAMPLING
The surface soil sampling equipment presented in this SOP is best suited for sampling to depths of 0 to
6 feet below ground surface (bgs). The sample depth, sample analyses, soil type, and soil moisture will
also dictate the most suitable sampling equipment. Prior to sample collection, the sampling locations
should be cleared of any surface debris such as twigs, rocks, and litter. The following table presents
various surface soil sampling equipment and their effective depth ranges, operating means (manual or
power), and sample types collected (disturbed or undisturbed).
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SamplingEquipment
Effective Depth Range(feet bgs)
OperatingMeans Sample Type
Hand Auger 0 to 6 Manual Disturbed
Bucket Auger 0 to 4 Power Disturbed
Core Sampler 0 to 4 Manual or
Power
Undisturbed
EnCoreTM SamplerNot Applicable Manual Disturbed
Spoon/Spatula 0 to 0.5 Manual Disturbed
Trowel 0 to 1 Manual Disturbed
VOA Plunger Not Applicable Manual Disturbed
The procedures for using these various types of sampling equipment are discussed below.
2.3.1 Hand Auger
A hand auger equipped with extensions and a “T” handle is used to obtain samples from depths of up to 6
feet bgs. If necessary, a shovel may be used to excavate the topsoil to reach the desired subsoil level. If
topsoil is removed, its thickness should be recorded. Samples obtained using a hand auger are disturbed
in their collection; determining the exact depth at which samples are obtained is difficult.
The hand auger is screwed into the soil at an angle of 45 to 90 degrees from horizontal. When the entire
auger blade has penetrated soil, the auger is removed from the soil by lifting it straight up without turning
it, if possible. If the desired sampling depth has not been reached, the soil is removed from the auger and
deposited onto plastic sheeting. This procedure is repeated until the desired depth is reached and the soil
sample is obtained. The auger is then removed from the boring and the soil sample is collected directly
from the auger into an appropriate sample container.
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2.3.2 Bucket Auger
A bucket auger, equipped similarly as the hand auger, is used to obtain disturbed samples from depths of
up to 4 feet bgs. A bucket auger should be used when sampling stony or dense soil that prohibits the use
of a hand-operated core or screw auger. A bucket auger with closed blades is used in soil that cannot
generally be penetrated or retrieved by a core sampler.
The bucket auger is rotated while downward pressure is exerted until the bucket is full. The bucket is
then removed from the boring, the collected soil is placed on plastic sheeting, and this procedure is
repeated until the appropriate depth is reached and a sample is obtained. The bucket is then removed
from the boring and the soil sample is transferred from the bucket to an appropriate sample container.
2.3.3 Core Sampler
A hand-operated core sampler (Figure 1), similarly equipped as the hand auger, is used to obtain samples
from depths of up to 4 feet bgs in uncompacted soil. The core sampler is capable of retrieving
undisturbed soil samples and is appropriate when low concentrations of metals or organics are of concern.
The core sampler should be constructed of stainless steel. A polypropylene core sampler is generally not
suitable for sampling dense soils or sampling at greater depths.
The core sampler is pressed into the soil at an angle of 45 to 90 degrees from horizontal and is rotated
when the desired depth is reached. The core is then removed, and the sample is placed into an appropriate
sample container.
2.3.4 Shovel
A shovel may be used to obtain large quantities of soil that are not readily obtained with a trowel. A
shovel is used when soil samples from depths of up to 6 feet bgs are to be collected by hand excavation; a
tiling spade (sharpshooter) is recommended for excavation and sampling. A standard steel shovel may be
used for excavation; either a stainless steel or polypropylene shovel may be used for sampling. Soil
excavated from above the desired sampling depth should be stockpiled on plastic sheeting. Soil samples
should be collected from the shovel and placed into the sample container using a stainless-steel scoop,
plastic spoon, or other appropriate tool.
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2.3.5 Trier
A trier (Figure 2) is used to sample soil from depths up to 1 foot bgs. A trier should be made of stainless
steel or polypropylene. A chrome-plated steel trier may be suitable when samples are to be analyzed for
organics and heavy metal content is not a concern.
Samples are obtained by inserting the trier into soil at an angle of up to 45 degrees from horizontal. The
trier is rotated to cut a core and is then pulled from the soil being sampled. The sample is then transferred
to an appropriate sample container.
2.3.6 Trowel
A trowel is used to obtain surface soil samples that do not require excavation beyond a depth of 1 foot. A
trowel may also be used to collect soil subsamples from profiles exposed in test pits. Use of a trowel is
practical when sample volumes of approximately 1 pint (0.5 liter) or less are to be obtained. Excess soil
should be placed on plastic sheeting until sampling is completed. A trowel should be made of stainless
steel or galvanized steel. It can be purchased from a hardware or garden store. Soil samples to be
analyzed for organics should be collected using a stainless steel trowel. Samples may be placed directly
from the trowel into sample containers.
2.4 SUBSURFACE SOIL SAMPLING
Subsurface soil sampling is accomplished in conjunction with borehole drilling, for soil sampling from
depths greater than approximately 6 feet bgs. Subsurface soil sampling is frequently coupled with
exploratory boreholes or monitoring well installation.
Subsurface soil sampling may be conducted using a drilling rig, power auger, or direct-push technology
(DPT). Selection of sampling equipment depends upon geologic conditions and the scope of the
sampling program. Two types of samplers used with machine-driven augers—the split-spoon sampler
and the thin-wall tube sampler—are discussed below. All sampling tools should be cleaned before and
after each use in accordance with SOP No. 002 (General Equipment Decontamination). Both the split-
spoon sampler and the thin-wall tube sampler can be used to collect undisturbed samples from
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unconsolidated soils. The procedures for using the split-spoon and thin-wall tube samplers are presented
below.
2.4.1 Split-Spoon Sampler
Split-spoon samplers are available in a variety of types and sizes. Site conditions and project needs, such
as large sample volume for multiple analyses, determine the specific type of split-spoon sampler to be
used. Figure 3 shows a generic split-spoon sampler.
The split-spoon sampler is advanced into the undisturbed soil beneath the bottom of the casing or
borehole using a weighted hammer and a drill rod. The relationship between hammer weight, hammer
drop, and number of blows required to advance the split-spoon sampler in 6-inch increments indicates the
density or consistency of the subsurface soil. After the split-spoon sampler has been driven to its
intended depth, it should be removed carefully to avoid loss of sample material. In noncohesive or
saturated soil, a catcher or basket should be used to help retain the sample.
After the split-spoon sampler is removed from the casing, it is detached from the drill rod and opened. If
VOA samples are to be collected, EnCoreTM samplers or VOA plungers should be filled with soil taken
directly from the split-spoon sampler. Samples for other specific chemical analyses should be taken as
soon as the VOA sample has been collected. The remainder of the recovered soil can then be used for
visual classification of the sample and containerized for physical analysis. The entire sample (except for
the top several inches of possibly disturbed material) is retained for analysis or disposal.
2.4.2 Thin-Wall Tube Sampler
A thin-wall tube sampler, sometimes called the Shelby tube (Figure 4), is used to collect soil samples for
geophysical analysis. Tube samplers are best suited for collecting cohesive soils such as clays and silts.
The tube sampler may be pressed or driven into soil inside a hollow-stem auger flight, wash bore casing,
or uncased borehole. The tube sampler is pressed into the soil, without rotation, to the desired depth or
until refusal. If the tube cannot be advanced by pushing, it may be necessary to drive it into the soil
without rotation using a hammer and drill rod. The tube sampler is then rotated to collect the sample from
the soil and removed from the borehole.
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After removal of the tube sampler from the drilling equipment, the tube sampler should be inspected for
adequate sample recovery. The sampling procedure should be repeated until an adequate soil core is
obtained (if sample material can be retained by the tube sampler). The soil core obtained should be
documented in the logbook. Any disturbed soil is removed from each end of the tube sampler. If
chemical analysis is required, VOA samples must be collected immediately after the tube sampler is
withdrawn. EnCoreTM samplers or VOA plungers should be filled with soil taken directly from the tube
sampler. Before use, and during storage and transport, the tube sampler should be capped with a
nonreactive material. For physical sampling parameters, the tube is sealed using plastic caps. The top
and bottom of the tube sampler should be labeled and the tube sampler should be stored accordingly.
2.4.3 Direct-Push Technology Sampler
Geoprobe systems utilize DPT. In many cases, DPT is less expensive and faster than collecting soil
samples with a standard drilling rig. In addition, the use of DPT causes minimal disturbance to the
ground surface and generates little to no soil cuttings. DPT uses acetate or clear polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
sleeves for collecting soil samples.
Upon retrieval of the sampling rod from the ground, the sample sleeve is extruded from the sampling rod.
The sleeve is sliced lengthwise twice, to open the sleeve. Soil samples can be collected directly from the
opened sleeve. If VOA samples are to be collected, EnCoreTM samplers or VOA plungers should be filled
with soil taken directly from the opened DPT sampler. Samples for other specific chemical analyses
should be taken after the VOA sample has been collected. The remainder of the recovered soil can then
be used for visual classification of the sample and containerized for physical analysis. The entire sample
is retained for analysis or disposal.
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FIGURE 1
HAND-OPERATED CORE SAMPLER
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FIGURE 2
TRIER
TRIER
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FIGURE 3
GENERIC SPLIT-SPOON SAMPLER
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FIGURE 4
THIN-WALL TUBE SAMPLER