neutron target and tool for scientific...

Neutron – Target and Tool

For Scientific Research

JINR© Summer Student Practicum Program: Neutron- and Gamma-ray Spectrometry

Theme: Neutron- and Gamma-ray Spectrometry

For…………...Curious students, Potential Bachelors and Masters in Physics

What………...Special Course on Neutron, Nuclear and Radiation Physics

Where….........Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, JINR, 141980 Dubna, Russian Federation.

When………. During the students’ practicums, organized by JINR University Center,

http://newuc.jinr.ru/events_plan.asp.

Language……Scramble English or Russian

Obligatory…..Nothing

Desirably……To want, to think

Diploma work….......Possible; Bachelor (4-5 months); Master (6-10 months)

Diploma theme……. 14.1 MeV neutrons induced (n,n')-reaction on zXA nuclei;

Any TANGRA-project related one [1-5].

Diploma language….any, readable.

Elements of Neutron Physics Dr. I.N. Ruskov

Lecture # 1: Neutron. Properties. Sources of neutrons. Neutron producing facilities (NPF) types and

characteristics. IBR-2, IREN NPF, “Romashka” and TANGRA experimental set-ups.

Lecture # 2: Radioactivity: sources, types and characteristics. Neutron-gamma sources & fields.

Metrology and dosimetry of mixed neutron-gamma fields. Radiation safety and security

issues.

Lecture # 3: Neutron induced nuclear reactions. Interaction of neutrons and gamma-rays with matter.

Lecture # 4: Neutron and gamma-ray detectors. Multi-detector systems (MDS). “Romashka”- type

NaI(Tl) MDS. Gamma-ray detector time- and energy- characteristics: energy resolution

and efficiency of registration.

Lecture # 5: Neutron time-of-flight (TOF) spectroscopy & spectrometry.

Lecture # 6: Basic & Applied Research with neutrons. Determination of elemental and isotopic

composition of samples with use of neutrons & gamma spectrometry methods.

http://newuc.jinr.ru/events_plan.asp




Elements of Programming and Physical Simulations Dr. Yu.N. Kopatch

Lecture # 1: LINUX operation system

Lecture # 2: Programing language C++, software for data analysis (ROOT) and modeling (GEANT4)

Lecture # 3: Software for digital signal processing (ADCM) and analysis (ROMANA, TOFANA)

Objectives

The techniques of C++ programing, CERN ROOT script creating, GEANT4 physics experiments

simulations in PC Linux Mint operation system, are explored.

You will become familiar with:

- PC Linux Mint operation system;

- Data acquisition and visualization software ADCM;

- Data reduction and analysis by ROMANA and TOFANA;

- Basic knowledge of physics experiment simulations by GEANT4.




Laboratory Practicum # 1

Study of TANGRA experimental setup for basic and applied nuclear research

with 14.1 MeV neutrons [2]

Objectives

Techniques in development of a computerize system for investigation of 14.1 MeV neutrons induced

nuclear reactions explored.

You will learn:

- about tagging of 14.1MeV neutrons by the associated with them alpha-particles;

- to use a computerized system for experimental data acquisition and analysis;

- to identify and explain the photo-peak, the Compton edge, and the backscatter, single and double-

escape peaks, associated with gamma-ray interactions;

- to calibrate the detector (system) with standard point sources of gamma-rays;

- to determine the activity and half-life of gamma ray irradiating isotopes.

The outcome from the practice will be a report on description of the tools and methods which are

going to be used for the investigation of 14.1 MeV neutrons inducing nuclear reactions.





Optimization of Multilayer Passive Shielding of NaI(Tl) Scintillation Crystal Probes

Operating in Intense Neutron Fields with Energy of 14.1 MeV [4]

Objectives

Techniques in gamma ray spectroscopy & spectrometry using a hexagonal NaI(Tl) scintillation

detector are explored.

You will learn:




- to determine the suppression factor of different materials to be used as a shielding.

The outcome from the practice will be a report on the optimization of multi-layer shielding-collimator

for protecting the “Romashka” multi-detector scintillation array from the direct and scattered 14.1

MeV neutrons from the neutron generator ING-27.





Determination of the anisotropy of irradiation of gamma-rays in the inelastic scattering of

14.1MeV neutrons on carbon [4]

Objectives



You will learn:

- to use a computerized system for experimental data acquisition (ADCM) and analysis

(ROMANA);


escape peaks, associated with interaction of 4.44 MeV with the NaI(Tl) crystal media;

- to determine the full-energy peak area by fitting a suitable function(s) to the gamma-ray energy

spectrum;

- to calculate the angular anisotropy of irradiation of 4.44 MeV gamma-rays.

The outcome from the practice will be a report on the results obtained.





Gamma-ray energy calibration of the “Romashka” array

Objectives



You will learn:




- to calibrate the detector (system) with standard point sources of gamma-rays;

- to determine the activity and half-life of gamma ray irradiating isotopes.






Investigation of natural background gamma-radiation by “Romashka” array [3, 6-8]

Objectives

Techniques in gamma-ray spectroscopy & spectrometry using NaI(Tl) scintillation gamma-detector

array, ADCM and ROMANA are explored.

You will learn:

- to work in Linux environment;

- to become familiar with the program for NaI(Tl) pulse processing (ADCM), visualization and

analysis (ROMANA);

- to determine the main components of the gamma-radiation background in the laboratory;






Gamma Ray Spectroscopy by PC Sound card [9]

Objectives


detector and a USB Sound card as a multichannel pulse analyzer are explored.

You will learn:

- to investigate the performance a different (PC, USB) sound cards for experimental data

acquisition;

- to compare different sound card freeware software for data acquisition and visualization;

- to identify and explain the photo-peak, the Compton edge, backscatter, single and double-escape

peaks, associated with gamma-ray interactions;

- to compare the PC USB sound card performance with PCI and main board ones using a

hexagonal NaI(Tl) probe and (137Cs and 60Co) standard point gamma-ray sources.

Relevant parameters for NaI(Tl) are:

** Density: 3.67 g/cm3; ** Z: Na=11, I=53, Tl=81; ** Decay time: 230 ns @ 25 °C.

** Luminescent efficiency: 12% of energy of incident radiation.

** Temperature coefficient of luminescence: 0.2 to 2% per οC.

** Wavelength of maximum emission: 420 nm.

** Index of refraction: 1.85 @ 420 nm.

** Energy resolution: 6.5% @ 662 KeV at best. (7.5% typical)




References

1. Yu.N. Kopatch (for TANGRA collaboration), Development of the tagged neutron method for elemental

analysis and nuclear reaction studies – TANGRA project, http://isinn.jinr.ru/past-isinns/isinn-22/progr-

28_05_2014/Kopatch.pdf.

2. I.N. Ruskov, Yu.N. Kopatch, V.M. Bystritsky et al., TANGRA-Setup for the Investigation of

Nuclear Fission induced by 14.1 MeV neutrons, Physics Procedia 64 (2015) 163-170; ISSN -

23:1875-3892, Elsevier, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875389215001388.

3. D.N. Grozdanov, A.O. Zontikov, Optimization of "Romashka" setup for investigation of (n,

n'gamma)-reactions with tagged neutrons method, ISINN-23 proceedings: http://isinn.jinr.ru/past-

isinns/isinn-23/program.html..

4. V.M. Bystritsky, V. Valkovic, D.N. Grozdanov et al., Multilayer Passive Shielding of Scintillation

Detectors Based on BGO, NaI(Tl) and Stilbene Crystals Operating in Intense Neutron Fields with

an Energy of 14.1 MeV, Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters 12(2) (2015) 325-335.

5. Yu.N. Kopatch, D.N. Grozdanov, A.O. Zontikov et al., Angular correlation of gamma-rays in the

inelastic scattering of 14 MeV neutrons on carbon, ISINN-23, May 26-29, 2015, Dubna,

http://isinn.jinr.ru/past-isinns/isinn-23/progr-29_05_2015/Kopatch.pdf..

6. G.F. Knoll, Radiation Detection and Measurement – 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York,

2000, http://physics.ut.ac.ir/~shafiei/pub/knoll.pdf.

7. W.R. Leo, Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics Experiments: A How-to Approach, 2nd.

rev. ed., Springer-Verlag, 1994.

8. A.C. Melissinos and J. Napolitano, Experiments in Modern Physics, Academic Press, 2003, ch.9.2.

9. I.N. Ruskov, Universal Monitor of Low Intensity Mixed Neutron-Gamma Radiation Fields Utilizing

the Computer Sound Card as Multichannel Pulse Analyzer, http://isinn.jinr.ru/proceedings/isinn-

22/pdf/ruskov.pdf.

Contacts: Address: JINR, University Center, Joliot Curie 6, Dubna, Moscow region, 141980 Russia

Name, Surname Degree Position Telephone: Fax: +7 (49621) 65851

Director: Stanislav Z. Pakuliak Sc.D Professor +7 (496216) e-mail

Program Curator: Elena G. Karpova 5089, 4080, 4942 [email protected]

Local Contacts: Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Department of Nuclear Physics

Supervisors: Yuri N. Kopatch Ph.D Section head +7 (496216) 2459 [email protected]

Ivan N. Ruskov Ph.D Senior scientist +7 (496216) 2785 [email protected]

Assistants:

Dimitar N. Grozdanov Junior scientist +7 (496216) 3131 [email protected]

Fuad A. Aliyev Engineer +7 (496216) 3131 [email protected]

Composed by: Dr. I.N. Ruskov

Tel. +7 (496216) 2785; e-mail: [email protected]
http://isinn.jinr.ru/past-isinns/isinn-22/progr-28_05_2014/Kopatch.pdfhttp://isinn.jinr.ru/past-isinns/isinn-22/progr-28_05_2014/Kopatch.pdfhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875389215001388http://isinn.jinr.ru/past-isinns/isinn-23/program.htmlhttp://isinn.jinr.ru/past-isinns/isinn-23/program.htmlhttp://isinn.jinr.ru/past-isinns/isinn-23/progr-29_05_2015/Kopatch.pdfhttp://physics.ut.ac.ir/~shafiei/pub/knoll.pdfhttp://isinn.jinr.ru/proceedings/isinn-22/pdf/ruskov.pdfhttp://isinn.jinr.ru/proceedings/isinn-22/pdf/ruskov.pdf

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