neutrino detectors
DESCRIPTION
Neutrino detectors. Basic features: 1) Very small cross-sections of interactions → very big volumes of detectors 2) Very effective shielding → underground detectors, underwater, - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Neutrino detectors
Basic features: 1) Very small cross-sections of interactions → very big volumes of detectors 2) Very effective shielding → underground detectors, underwater, under ice
Detector types: 1) Radiochemical detectors
2) Detectors of Cherenkov radiation
3) Scintillation detectors
4) Detectors based on neutrino scattering on electrons
Neutrino detector KAMLAND at Japan Underwater neutrino detectorANTARESKamiokande
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Radiochemical detectors
For example: νe + 37Cl → 37Ar + e-
νe + 71Ga → 71Ge + e-
For neutrinos with lower energy. Inverse beta decay process:
Scheme of gallium experiment – separation of produced germanium
Chlorine experiment of R. Davise
Impossibility of neutrino energydetermination (only threshold)
Measurement cycle: 1) Taking of data 2) Radiochemical analysis
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Detectors making use of scintillation or Cherenkov radiation
Vessel: 1) Walls are covered by photomultipliers 2) Filled by liquid (liquid scintillator)
Scintillation detector LSND Kamoikande detector – Cherenkov phenomenais used
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Detector KAMLAND
Heavy water – reaction of neutrinos with deuteron:
Photomultiplier of KAMLAND detectorDetector KAMLAND
Reaction of all neutrinos and antineutrinos:Reaction of only electronneutrinos:
(liquid scintillator)
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IceCube (AMANDA) – neutrino detector under ice
200 TeV e candidate
Detector set-up built up on South pole
Photomultipliers are sentunder ice
Detection of Cherenkov radiation produced by electrons, muons and tauons produced by reactions of high energy neutrinos
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Neutrino scattering on electron
Possibility to detect also neutrinos with very low energy
Noise suppression → liquid helium (superfluid) → very low temperature (~ 10 mK)
Microcalorimetry of very small temperature changes
Low neutrino energy ~ keV → low electron energy
Ionization, scintillation, phonons, rotons – are detected by sapphire or silicon wafer – absorber → control of temperature
capture of „drifting electrons – „electron bubble“ in superfluid and superconductive liquid moves in controlledway in electric field
Proposal of HERON experiment(high of 6 m)