Neuroscience IDP Graduate Neuroscience IDP Graduate Students Visit to CCB/LONI:Students Visit to CCB/LONI:

Introduction to Human Brain Introduction to Human Brain Mapping Mapping

Jack Van HornJack Van Horn

PhrenologyPhrenology

From the work of Franz Josef Gall (1758-1828)

Spatio-Temporal ScalesSpatio-Temporal ScalesNaturallyOccurringLesions

PETfMRI

Multi-UnitRecording

Optical Imaging

TMS

MEG & ERP

Patch Clamp

Light Microscopy

Single Unit

Brain

Map

Column

Layer

Neuron

Dendrite

Synapse

3

2

1

0

-1

-2

-3

-4

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Log Time (sec)

Log

Size

(mm

)

Millisecond Second Minute Hour Day

Induced Lesions

Mapping Brain FunctionMapping Brain Function

Assigning quantitative values associated with functionally-related change to spatiallocations in the brain.

Blood Oxygenation Level Dependence (BOLD)

Arteries Veins

CapillaryBed

NeuronsOxygen Rich Hemoglobin (HbO2) De-oxygenated Hemoglobin

More oxygenated HbO2: Less MR signal More deoxygenated HbO2: More MR signal

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

100ms

500ms

1500ms

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

100ms

500ms

1500ms

Calcarine Sulci

Fusiform Gyri

fMRI Hemodynamic Response

1500ms500ms100ms

The Localizing of FunctionThe Localizing of Function

Known Reference Spatial Transformation Analysis, Display, &Interpretation

3-Planar Views of Activity3-Planar Views of Activity

Mapping Activity on the SurfaceMapping Activity on the Surface

Example: Retinotopic MappingExample: Retinotopic Mapping

from Dougherty et al., Journal of Vision (3),10, 586-598

Movement > Rest

Rest > Movement

(TFPlacebo – CFPlacebo)>(TFAlcohol – CFAlcohol)

Plac > Alc

TF > CF

Lobule VI (Med) Lobule VI (Lat)

Lobule IV

DentateCrus I

Dentate

Dentate

Lobule VIIIA

Lobule V

E/GF/G

CRI/CRII

Lobule VICRI/CRII

a.

b.

c.

d.e.

Dentate

-0.004

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

1 2

CF TF

CRI/CRII

-0.004

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

1 2

CF TF

f.

g.

PlaceboAlcohol

Frontal

Left Right

(TFPlacebo-CFPlacebo) > (TFAlcohol-CFAlcohol)

LeftRight

Parietal

Left

Placebo

Alcohol

R. GFm: 46, 2, 33

-0.0015

-0.0010

-0.0005

0.0000

0.0005

0.0010

0.0015

0.0020

0.0025

0.0030

0.0035

1 2

CF TF

L. GFs: -20, 57, -6

-0.0040

-0.0030

-0.0020

-0.0010

0.0000

0.0010

0.0020

0.0030

0.0040

1 2

CF TF

L. PCu: -18, -68, 32

-0.0020

-0.0015

-0.0010

-0.0005

0.0000

0.0005

0.0010

0.0015

0.0020

0.0025

0.0030

1 2

CF TF

R. PCu: 18, -70, 39

-0.0020

-0.0015

-0.0010

-0.0005

0.0000

0.0005

0.0010

0.0015

0.0020

0.0025

0.0030

1 2

CF TF

Right

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and White Matter Tractographyand White Matter Tractography

Brain Mapping SummaryBrain Mapping Summary Mapping and visualization Mapping and visualization

of the brain of the brain in vivoin vivo is one is one of the most interesting, of the most interesting, profound, beautiful, & profound, beautiful, & funfun aspects of neuroscienceaspects of neuroscience

Rigorous characterization Rigorous characterization of brain anatomy and of brain anatomy and function is the function is the essenceessence of of brain science at LONIbrain science at LONI