neurological soft signs as early psychosis predictors
TRANSCRIPT
Neurological Soft Signs Neurological Soft Signs as Early Psychosis as Early Psychosis PredictorsPredictors
Alison CarrAlison Carr
NeuropsychologyNeuropsychology
Spring 2007Spring 2007
Neurological Soft Neurological Soft SignsSigns ““[…]non-normative performance on a […]non-normative performance on a
motor or sensory test; […] the individual motor or sensory test; […] the individual shows abnormalities, but none of the shows abnormalities, but none of the features of a fixed localizable features of a fixed localizable neurological disorder.neurological disorder.
Bender, Fink, and Green (1947)Bender, Fink, and Green (1947)
Measuring NSSMeasuring NSS
Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES) Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES) (Buchanan and Hendrichs, March 1989)(Buchanan and Hendrichs, March 1989)
NSS*NSS*
Right-Left confusion
GraspExtinction
SnoutOszeretski testFinger-thumb opposition
Agraphaestesia
PalmomentalFist-edge-palm testRhythm tappingStereognosis
GazeFist-ring testTandem walkAudio-visual integration
Primitive Reflexes
Motor Sequencing
Motor Coordination
Sensory Integration
* Dazzan and Murray (2002)
NSS in the Normative NSS in the Normative PopulationPopulation
Kinney Kinney et al.et al., 1986, 1986
Ardilla and Roselli, 1996Ardilla and Roselli, 1996
Cause or Effect?Cause or Effect?
If NSS are a cause…If NSS are a cause…
If NSS are an effect…If NSS are an effect…
NSS = CauseNSS = Cause
Studies looking at NSS in first-episode Studies looking at NSS in first-episode psychosis patientspsychosis patients Scottish Schizophrenia Research Group, Scottish Schizophrenia Research Group,
19871987 Browne Browne et alet al, 2000, 2000
NSS = Result NSS = Result
Gupta Gupta et al.,et al., 1995 1995
King King et alet al., 1991., 1991
Smith Smith et al.et al., 1999, 1999
NSS in Patients with NSS in Patients with Mental DisorderMental Disorder Flyckt Flyckt et alet al. (1999). (1999)
Rochford Rochford et al.et al. (1970) (1970)
NSS in Normative vs. Disordered PatientsNSS in Normative vs. Disordered Patients
Fellick et al., 2001
Cannon et al., 1999
Illowsky-Karp et al., 2001
NSS as a predictor?NSS as a predictor?
Simon Simon et al.et al. (2005) (2005)
Semerci Semerci et al. et al. (2004)(2004)
Fellick Fellick et al.et al. (2001) (2001)