neurological disorders lesson 4.4
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Neurological Disorders Lesson 4.4. Could caffeine treat narcolepsy?. Do Now:. Review last night’s homework with a partner. Be sure you can answer the following questions: What role does orexin play in the sleep-wake circuit? How is orexin involved in narcolepsy?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Neurological DisordersLesson 4.4
Could caffeine treat narcolepsy?
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Do Now:
• Review last night’s homework with a partner.
• Be sure you can answer the following questions:
– What role does orexin play in the sleep-wake circuit?
– How is orexin involved in narcolepsy?
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Orexin’s Role in the Sleep-Wake Circuit
Energy balance/ metabolic cues
Light
Emotional state
Orexin neurons
Arousalneurons
VLPO
Awake!!
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Orexin’s Role in the Sleep-Wake Circuit
Arousalneurons
VLPO Asleep!!
Energy balance/ metabolic cues
Light/Dark cycle
Emotional state
Orexin neurons
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What happened to Skeeter?
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What happens when orexin receptors are removed in mice?
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What’s different about the brains of narcoleptic patients?
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If narcolepsy is a disorder where you fall asleep uncontrollably,
could you use caffeine as a treatment?
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How does caffeine work?
• Caffeine effects the signaling of the neurotransmitter adenosine.
Adenosine Caffeine
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Adenosine Levels Cycle
• Adenosine builds up in the brain during wakefulness.– We have low levels just after sleeping.– We have high levels after being awake for a long time.
Wake up
Go to sleep
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High levels of adenosine inhibit arousal neurons and activate the VLPO.
• What effect would this have???
Adenosine
ArousalneuronsVLPO
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High adenosine levels put us to sleep.
Adenosine
Arousalneurons
VLPO
Let’s take a quick peek at this synapse.
Asleep!!
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When adenosine binds to its receptors,we fall asleep.
Asleep!!
Adenosine
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Caffeine
Caffeine Binding
Now, back to caffeine.
• Caffeine binds to the receptors for adenosine, but has no effect on the receptors.
• When caffeine is bound, adenosine can’t bind.
Adenosine Binding
Adenosine
Asleep!! What happens then?We don’t fall asleep.
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Adenosine
Arousalneurons
VLPOAsleep!!
Caffeine
Caffeine inhibits adenosine’s action
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Caffeine inhibits adenosine’s action
Adenosine
Caffeine
ArousalneuronsVLPO
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Caffeine inhibits adenosine’s action
Arousalneurons
VLPO
Awake!!
Adenosine
Caffeine
• We stay awake.
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Sleep-Wake circuit has many “controls”
ArousalneuronsVLPO
Adenosine
CaffeineEnergy balance/ metabolic cues
Light/Dark
Emotional state
Orexin neurons
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Could you use caffeine as a treatment for narcolepsy?
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Treatments for Narcolepsy
• Drugs that act as stimulants: (stronger than coffee)– Example: Ritalin
• Behavioral remedies: – Maintain regular sleep schedule– Schedule naps during the day– Avoid heavy meals and alcohol– Do not drive or operate machinery when feeling sleepy