neurocranium · 2019-10-23 · shape of the skull -differs from species to species -the...
TRANSCRIPT
NEUROCRANIUM
Andrea Heinzlmann
University of Veterinary Medicine
Department of Anatomy and Histology
8th October 2019
THE SKULL (CRANIUM)
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKULL:
• forms the bony framework of the head
• houses the barin and meninges
• houses the higher sense organs
• houses the parts of the respiratory system
• houses the parts of the digestive system
• provides attachments for the facial muscles
• provides attachments for the mastications muscles
http://www.nhc.ed.ac.uk/index.php?page=493.172
ca eq https://www.horsetalk.co.nz/2017/09/28/bridle-fit-important-horse-saddle-fitting/
bo
http://raab.moovr.fr/cow-skull-diagram.html
SHAPE OF THE SKULL
- differs from species to species
- the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium
a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a protective case around the brain
b. VISCEROCRANIUM: form the skeleton of the face as well as parts of the jaw
BONES OF THE SKULL
• flat
consist of:
1. LAMINA EXTERNA
2. SPONGY MIDDLE LAYER – DIPLOE
3. LAMINA INTERNA
https://www2.aofoundation.org/wps/portal/!ut/p/a1/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfGjzOKN_A0M3D2DDbz9_UMMDRyDXQ3dw9wMDAzMjYEKIvEocDQnTr8BDuBoQEh_QW5oKAD4ENaS/dl5/d5/L2dJQSEvUUt3QS80SmlFL1o2XzJPMDBHSVMwS09PVDEwQVNFMUdWRjAwMDcz/?bone=CMF&segment=Cranium&showPage=A&contentUrl=srg/popup/additional_material/93/X40-Harvest-bone-graft.jsp
Lamina externa
diploe
Lamina interna
https://news.psu.edu/photo/483082/2017/09/18/brain-magnets-diploe
PNEUMATIC BONES OF THE SKULL
• lined by respiratory mucous epithel
• contain air
• connected to the nasal cavity
• known as paranasal sinuses (sinus paranasales)
• the diploe disappear
• the lamina ext. et int. fused
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-9.html
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Disorders-of-the-Paranasal-Sinuses-Tremaine-Freeman/b9dc638997799bb89577bf771f4a3a0a2f96f6a6/figure/11
BONES OF THE
NEUROCRANIUM
UNPAIRED BONES:
1. ethmoid bone
2. sphenoid bone
3. occipital bone
4. interparietal bone
PAIRED BONES:
1. parietal bones
2. temporal bones
3. frontal bones
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-2.html
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-1.html
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-3.html
BONES OF THE SKULL (OSSA CRANII)
https://www.slideshare.net/VetAbdulrhmanSubhi/short-notes-in-dog-skeleton
BONES OF THE SKULL
(OSSA CRANII)
the skull has:
1. ROOF (calvaria)
2. LATERAL WALLS
3. FLOOR
4. NUCHAL WALL
5. NASAL WALL
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-11.html
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-13.html http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-12.html
BONES OF THE SKULL (OSSA CRANII)
THE ROOF formed by:
1. interparietal bones
2. parietal bones
3. frontal bones
https://veteriankey.com/the-skeleton/
BONES OF THE SKULL (OSSA CRANII)
THE LATERAL WALLS on each side formed by:
1. temporal bone
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Lateral-view-of-a-dog-skull-P-parietal-bone-T-temporal-bone-F-frontal-bone-O_fig1_276416567
Lateral view of a dog skull
(P: parietal bone;
T: temporal bone;
F: frontal bone;
O: occipital bone). The
arrows and dashed circle
indicate the regions where
the transducer was placed
to perform the ultrasound
examination of the brain
BONES OF THE SKULL (OSSA CRANII)
THE FLOOR formed by:
1. sphenoid bone
2. basilar part of the occipital bone
https://veteriankey.com/the-skeleton/
https://www.slideshare.net/VetAbdulrhmanSubhi/short-notes-in-dog-skeleton
BONES OF THE SKULL
(OSSA CRANII)
THE NUCHAL WALL formed by:
1. squamous part of the occipital bone
2. lateral part of the occipital bone
https://veteriankey.com/the-skeleton/
BONES OF THE SKULL (OSSA CRANII)
THE NASAL WALL formed by:
1. ethmoid bone
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5184921/ https://veteriankey.com/the-skeleton/
OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)
- situated on the nuchal wall
- encloses the foramen magnum
FORAMEN MAGNUM:
- links the cranial cavity with the vertebral canal
https://veteriankey.com/the-skeleton/
OCCIPITAL BONE
(OS OCCIPITALE)
consists of:
1. SQUAMOUS PART (SQUAMA OCCIPITALIS)
2. LATERAL PART (PARS LATERALIS)
3. BASAL PART (PARS BASILARIS)
5. Pars basilaris
12. Pars lateralis
22. Squama occipitalis
Pars basilaris
Pars lateralis Pars
squamosa
https://es.slideshare.net/AndresBriceo2/anatoma-veterinaria
OCCIPITAL BONE
(OS OCCIPITALE)
SQUAMOUS PART (SQUAMA OCCIPITALIS):
bears:
1. CRISTA NUCHAE (nuchal crest) on its outer surface
• in ca, eq
https://www.slideshare.net/AsadAbdulHannan/comparative-study-of-skull-of-camel-ox
OCCIPITAL BONE
(OS OCCIPITALE)
SQUAMOUS PART (SQUAMA OCCIPITALIS):
bears:
2. CRISTA SAGITTALIS EXT. (external sagittal crest):
• runs on a rostral direction
• in ca, eq
The sagittal crest lies along the middorsal line of the interparietal bone. It is continuous with
the nuchal crest (lamboidal ridge) of the occipital bone. The occipital condyles are the points at
which the skull articulates with the vertebral column
http://biology.kenyon.edu/heithausp/cat-tutorial/skull/lateral.htm
Posterolateral View
OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)
SQUAMOUS PART (SQUAMA OCCIPITALIS):
bears:
3. LINEA NUCHAE:
• in bo
• nuchal crest corresponds to the linea nuchae
https://www.alamy.com/the-anatomy-of-the-domestic-animals-veterinary-anatomy-142-skeleton-of-the-ox-upper-and-lower-parts-than-in-the-horse-the-mastoid-foramen-is-at-the-junction-of-the-occipital-and-temporal-bones-it-is-frequently-very-small-fig-138cranium-of-jersey-cow-nuchal-view-the-fig-139cranium-op-polled-angus-cow-nuchal-greater-part-of-the-processus-cornus-has-been-view-sawn-off-1-foramen-magnum-2-occipital-condyle-3-paramastoid-proceas-4-bulla-ossea-5-meatus-acustieus-externus-6-mastoid-foramen-7-external-occipital-protuberance-8-median-occipital-crest-9-linea-nucha-image236813624.html
Linea nuchae
Protuberantia occipitalis
externa
Linea nuchae
Protuberantia occipitalis externa
Crista
occipitalis
externa
OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)
SQUAMOUS PART (SQUAMA OCCIPITALIS):
bears:
4. PROTUBERANTIA OCCIPITALIS EXT. (external occipital protuberance):
- lies between the nuchal crest or nuchal line
- in ca, eq, bo
OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)
SQUAMOUS PART (SQUAMA OCCIPITALIS):
bears:
4. PROTUBERANTIA OCCIPITALIS EXT.
- directed towards the foramen magnum as CRISTA OCCIPITALIS EXT.
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)
INNER SURFACE (lamina int.) OF THE SQUAMA OCCIPITALIS:
bears:
1. FOSSA CEREBELLARIS (cerebellar fossa):
- for cerebellum
Fossa
cerebellaris
Fossa cerebellaris
cerebellum
https://pxhere.com/en/photo/1126358
OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)
INNER SURFACE (lamina int.) OF THE SQUAMOUS PART (SQUAMA OCCIPITALIS):
bears:
2. PROTUBERANTIA OCCIPITALIS INT.
- in bo
Protuberancia occipitalis
interna
OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)
INNER SURFACE (lamina int.) OF THE SQUAMOUS PART (SQUAMA OCCIPITALIS):
bears:
3. PROCESSUS TENTORCIUS (tentoric process):
- in ca, eq
- part of the tentorium cerebelli osseum
OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)
INNER SURFACE (lamina int.) OF THE SQUAMOUS PART
(SQUAMA OCCIPITALIS) bears:
4. IMPRESSIO VERMIALIS (vermiform impression):
- impression by vermis cerebelli
https://veteriankey.com/the-skeleton/
vermis
Dorsocaudal view of normal dog cerebellum.
https://veteriankey.com/cerebellum/
inner
surface
of the
parietal bone
Impressio vermialis
OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)
INNER SURFACE (lamina int.) OF THE SQUAMOUS PART (SQUAMA OCCIPITALIS):
bears:
5. SINUS FRONTALIS CAUDALIS:
- in bo
- Septum sinuum frontalium
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-9.html
OCCIPITAL BONE
(OS OCCIPITALE)
PARTES LATERALES:
form:
- the lateral limits of the foramen magnum
1. CONDYLI OCCIPITALES (occipital condyle)
- forms the atlantooccipital joint
OCCIPITAL BONE
(OS OCCIPITALE)
PARTES LATERALES:
2. PROCESSUS PARACONDYLARIS:
- lateral from the condylus occipitalis
- known earlier as the jugular process (processus jugularis)
OCCIPITAL BONE
(OS OCCIPITALE)
PARTES LATERALES:
3. FOSSA CONDYLARIS VENTRALIS:
- between the condyle and paracondylar process
- depression ventral to the condylus occipitalis
4. FOSSA CONDYLARIS DORSALIS
- depression dorsal to the condylus occipitalis
Fossa condylaris dorsalis
OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)
PARTES LATERALES:
5. CANALIS NERVI HYPOGLOSSI:
- passage of the hypoglossal nerve
https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/5/2/44/htm
1. premaxilla bone; 8. zygomatic process of
squamosal bone; 14. jugular process; 15.
palatine process of maxilla; 16. palatine bone;
17. vomer bone; 18. presphenoid bone; 19.
basisphenoid bone; 20. basioccipital bone; 1.
tympanic process of the alisphenoid; 22.
zygomatic process of maxilla; 23. pterygoid
bone; 41. prearticular process; 42.
retroarticular process; c. foramen magnum; d.
palatine fissure; e. maxillopalatine fenestra;
palatine fenestra; g. caudal palatine foramen; h.
choana; o. caudal alar foramen; p. carotic
canal; q. transverse canal foramen; r.
stylomastoid foramen; s. hypoglossal canal;
I1–5. upper incisor teeth; C1. upper canine
teeth; P1–3. upper premolar teeth; and, M1–4.
upper molar teeth.
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)
PARS LATERALIS:
6. CANALIS CONDYLARIS (condyloid canal):
- in ca, bo
- canal for the sinus condylaris
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5184921/
OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)
PARS BASILARIS:
forms:
- the posterior part of the base of the skull
- in front of the foramen magnum
- articulates with the sphenoid through the synchondrosis sphenoidalis
OCCIPITAL BONE
(OS OCCIPITALE)
THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE PARS BASILARIS:
bears:
1. TUBERCULUM MUSCULARE:
- paramedian tubercle on the ventral surface
- attachement of the musculus longus capitis
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-4.html http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-12.html
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)
THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE PARS BASILARIS:
bears:
2. TUBERCULUM PHARINGEUM:
- in Car
- median tubercle
- on the ventral surface
http://www.boneid.net/product/inferior-view-gray-fox-cranium/
Tuberculum musculare
http://old.univet.hu/hu/egyetem/szervezeti-egysegek/anatomiai-es-szovettani-tanszek/letoltheto-anyagok
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)
THE INNER SURFACE OF THE PARS BASILARIS:
bears:
1. FOSSA CRANII CAUDALIS:
Sagittal section through a equine skull.
1 Concha nasalis dorsalis,
2 Concha nasalis media,
3 Concha nasalis ventralis,
4 Os ethmoidale,
5 Os pterygoideum,
6 Sinus frontalis,
7 Sinus sphenoidalis,
8 Fossa cranii rostralis,
Fossa cranii media,
10 Fossa cranii caudalis,
11 Porus acusticus internus,
12 Tentorium cerebelli osseum,
13 Processus paracondylaris
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pferdesch%C3%A4del.jpg
OCCIPITAL BONE
(OS OCCIPITALE)
1. FOSSA CRANII CAUDALIS:
subdivided into:
a. rostral IMPRESSIO PONTICA - impression for the pons
b. caudally situated IMPRESSIO MEDULLARIS – impression for the medulla oblongata
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf eq
Impressio medullaris
Impressio pontica
OCCIPITAL BONE
(OS OCCIPITALE)
THE SIDE OF THE PARS BASILARIS:
bears:
1. FORAMEN JUGULARE (jugular foramen):
- between occipital and petrosal bones
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-12.html
ca
eq
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)
THE SIDE OF THE PARS BASILARIS:
bears:
2. FISSURA PETROOCCIPITALIS:
- in Car, Ru
ca
Fissura petroocipitalis
SPHENOID BONE
(OS SPHENOIDALE)
foms:
- the rostral part of the base of the skull
two parts:
1. OS PRESPHENOIDALE
2. OS BASISPHENOIDALE
- at birth the two parts united by the synchondrosis intersphenoidalis, which becomes ossified during the
1st years of life
https://animaldiversity.org/collections/contributors/anatomical_images/dog_skull/dog_basicranium/
ca
eq
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5184921/
https://deacademic.com/dic.nsf/dewiki/452610
SPHENOID BONE (OS SPHENOIDALE)
1. OS PRESPHENOIDALE
2. OS BASISPHENOIDALE
https://animaldiversity.org/collections/contributors/anatomical_images/dog_skull/dog_basicranium/
ca
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
presphenoid
basisphenoid
corpus ala ala
coprus ala ala
SPHENOID BONE
(OS SPHENOIDALE)
both parts comprise:
a. median body (CORPUS)
b. WINGS (ALAE OSSIS PRAE – et BASISPHENOIDALE)
c. PROCESSUS PTERYGOIDEUS
https://animaldiversity.org/collections/contributors/anatomical_images/dog_skull/dog_basicranium/
ca
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
SPHENOID BONE (OS SPHENOIDALE)
OS PRESPHENOIDALE:
- the body of presphenoid extends towards the cranium as the ROSTRUM SPHENOIDALE
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
rostrum presphenoidale
presphenoid
basisphenoid
ala ala
coprus ala ala
Rostrum sphenoidale
Jugum sphenoidale
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
SPHENOID BONE (OS SPHENOIDALE)
OS PRESPHENOIDALE:
- the rostrum sphenoidale continues into the CRISTA GALLI of the etmoid bone
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
crista
galli
SPHENOID BONE
(OS SPHENOIDALE)
CORPUS OSSIS PRESPHENOIDALIS:
1. FOSSA CRANII ROSTRALIS
- forms with the wings
2. SINUS SPHENOIDALES:
- paired
- Septum sinuum sphenoidalium
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
Fossa cranii rostralis
SPHENOID BONE (OS SPHENOIDALE)
CORPUS OSSIS PRESPHENOIDALIS:
3. SULCUS CHIASMATIS (chiasmatic sulcus):
- in the caudal part of the preshenoid
- houses the chiasma opticum
- marked by the crista orbitosphenoidalis
Comparison of the olfactory bulbs of the dog (macrosmatic) and human (micromatic) brains, ventral aspects.
https://veteriankey.com/cranial-nerves-2/
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
SPHENOID BONE
(OS SPHENOIDALE)
ALA OSSIS PRESPHENOIDALIS:
- the outer surface participate in the formation of the orbit
- the inner surface forms the cranial cavity
1 Processus zygomaticus frontalis , 2 Foramina ethmoidalia, 3 Canalis
opticus, 4 Fissura orbitalis, 5 Fossa sacci lacrimalis, 6 Foramen
sphenopalatinum, 7 Foramen palatinum caudale, 8 Foramen maxillare, 9
Processus frontalis of zygomatic bone, 10 Processus coronoideus of
mandibula, 11 Processus temporalis of zygomatic bone, 12 Processus
zygomaticus temporalis, 13 Foramen alare rostrale, UK mandibula, Fpp
Fossa pterygopalatina
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orbita_hund.jpg
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Visual-difference-in-wolf-and-dog-skull-morphology-A-recent-Siberian-wolf-skull-No_fig5_303766520
SPHENOID BONE
(OS SPHENOIDALE)
ALA OSSIS PRESPHENOIDALIS:
1. CANALIS OPTICUS:
- at the root of the wings
- leads to the orbit
- houses the optic nerve
Canalis
opticus
Crista orbitosphenoidalis
SPHENOID BONE (OS SPHENOIDALE)
ALA OSSIS PRESPHENOIDALIS:
FISSURA ORBITALIS (orbital fissure):
- in ca, eq
- lies below and behind the optic canal
https://www.neuroanatomyofthedog.com/iiiiiivvvi-cranial-nerves?lightbox=image_21fu
SPHENOID BONE
(OS SPHENOIDALE)
ALA OSSIS PRESPHENOIDALIS:
FORAMEN ROTUNDUM (round foramen):
- lies below the fissura orbitalis
- within the wing
- in ca, eq opens rostrally into the canalis alaris
https://www.neuroanatomyofthedog.com/iiiiiivvvi-cranial-nerves?lightbox=image_4h8
ca
Canalis opticus Fissura orbitalis
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
SPHENOID BONE
(OS SPHENOIDALE)
ALA OSSIS PRESPHENOIDALIS:
FORAMEN ORBITOROTUNDUM:
- in bo
- the round foramen and the orbital fissure unite
https://maaz.ihmc.us/rid=1PH4X2YGP-P6PJPW-1C5M/lab
https://veteriankey.com/anaesthesia-of-cattle/
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
Canalis opticus
Fissura orbitalis
Foramen orbitorotundum
SPHENOID BONE
(OS SPHENOIDALE)
CORPUS OSSIS BASISPHENOIDALIS:
1. FOSSA CRANII MEDIA
- formed by the body and the wings of the basisphenoid
wing wing
body
SPHENOID BONE
(OS SPHENOIDALE)
CORPUS OSSIS BASISPHENOIDALIS:
2. SELLA TURCICA:
- on the floor of the cranial cavity
- houses the FOSSA HYPOPHYSIALIS
- projects as the DORSUM SELLAE – exept in eq
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
wing wing
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
SPHENOID BONE
(OS SPHENOIDALE)
CORPUS OSSIS BASISPHENOIDALIS:
2. SELLA TURCICA
Sella turcica
eq
Sella turcica
Dorsum sellae
ca
Sella turcica
Sella turcica
Dorsum sellae
Sinus frontalis
SPHENOID BONE
(OS SPHENOIDALE)
CORPUS OSSIS BASISPHENOIDALIS:
3. SULCUS CAROTICUS (carotid sulcus):
- in ca, eq
Carotid sulcus
Sella turcica
Dorsum sellae
Sulcus caroticus
SPHENOID BONE
(OS SPHENOIDALE)
ALA OSSIS BASISPHENOIDALIS (ALA TEMPORALIS):
- extend dorsally as far as the squamous temporal part
1. SULCUS NERVI OPHTHALMICI ET MAXILLARIS:
- in bo
- situated on the cerebral surface
- connects the foramen orbitorotundum with the orbit
Canalis caroticus
Foramen orbitorotundum Foramen
ovale
Sella
turcica
Sulcus nervi
opthmalmici et
maxillaris
SPHENOID BONE (OS SPHENOIDALE)
ALA OSSIS BASISPHENOIDALIS (ALA TEMPORALIS):
2. SULCUS NERVI OPHTHALMICI:
- in eq, Car
- medial one
- communicates with the orbital fissure
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
Sulcus nervi
opthalmici
SPHENOID BONE (OS SPHENOIDALE)
ALA OSSIS BASISPHENOIDALIS (ALA TEMPORALIS):
3. SULCUS NERVI MAXILLARIS:
- in eq, Car
- lateral one
- leads to the round foramen
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
Sulcus nervi
maxillaris
SPHENOID BONE (OS SPHENOIDALE)
ALA OSSIS BASISPHENOIDALIS (ALA TEMPORALIS):
4. FOSSA PIRIFORMIS:
- houses the piriform lobe of the brain
- lateral from the sulcus nervi maxillaris
https://www.louisdonald.com/theheadofthegermanshepherd.html
https://www.tankonyvtar.hu/hu/tartalom/tkt/haziallatok/ch02.html eq
Fossa piriformis
SPHENOID BONE
(OS SPHENOIDALE)
ALA OSSIS BASISPHENOIDALIS (ALA TEMPORALIS):
5. FORAMEN LACERUM:
- in eq the caudal border of each wing demarcates the rostral margin
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
Foramen
(canalis)
n. hypoglossi
Foramen Jugulare caudale
Fissura petroocipitalis
Foramen lacerum
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
SPHENOID BONE
(OS SPHENOIDALE)
ALA OSSIS BASISPHENOIDALIS (ALA TEMPORALIS):
5. FORAMEN LACERUM in eq:
there are three notches in the border:
a. Incisura carotica (carotid notch)
- medial
- doubled
b. Incisura ovalis (oval notch)
- lateral
c. Incisura spinosa
(spinous notch)
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
Incisura
ovalis
Foramen
(canalis)
n. hypoglossi
Foramen Jugulare caudale
Fissura petroocipitale
Incisura carotica Incisura
ovalis Incisura spinosa
SPHENOID BONE
(OS SPHENOIDALE)
ALA OSSIS BASISPHENOIDALIS (ALA TEMPORALIS):
FORAMEN LACERUM:
- absent in Car, Ru
- replaced by three foramina
a. FORAMEN OVALE
- in the wing of the basisphenoid
- in Car, bo
b. FORAMEN CAROTICUM (CANALIS CAROTICUS)
- formed by the tympanic part of the temporal bone
- in Car
c. FORAMEN SPINOSUM
- in Car
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
SPHENOID BONE
ca
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
SPHENOID BONE (OS SPHENOIDALE)
PROCESSUS PTERYGOIDEUS (pterygoid process):
- arises laterally from the rostral end of the basisphenoid
- projects downwards, forwards
- unites with the perpendicular plate of the palatine bone
- make up the margin of choanae
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-11.html
The choanae (internal nostrils) of a cat, indicated by the dashed lines and bounded by the vomer (blue gray) and the palatine bone (orange)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choana
SPHENOID BONE (OS SPHENOIDALE)
PROCESSUS PTERYGOIDEUS:
Hamulus pterygoideus:
- hook – like process at the rostroventral end of the pterygoid process
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-11.html
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
SPHENOID BONE (OS SPHENOIDALE)
PROCESSUS PTERYGOIDEUS:
1. CANALIS ALARIS:
- in ca, eq
- on its root
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-5.html
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5184921/
https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/cranial-nerve-5/deck/2117364
SPHENOID BONE
(OS SPHENOIDALE)
PROCESSUS PTERYGOIDEUS:
1. CANALIS ALARIS in ca:
A. exit FORAMEN ALARE ROSTRALE (orale)
B. entrance FORAMEN ALARE CAUDALE (aborale)
ca
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
Foramina ethmoidalia
1.
2.
3.
4.
1. For. opticum
2. Fissura orbitalis
3. For. rotundum + For. alare rostrale
4. For. alare caudale
SPHENOID BONE
(OS SPHENOIDALE)
PROCESSUS PTERYGOIDEUS:
1. CANALIS ALARIS in eq:
A. exit FORAMEN ALARE ROSTRALE (orale)
B. entrance FORAMEN ALARE CAUDALE (aborale)
C. FORAMEN ALARE PARVUM
eq
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
1.
2.
For. alare parvum
3.
4. For. alare
caudale
1. For. ethmoidale 2. For. opticum 3. Fissura orbitalis 4. For. alare rostrale
Crista pterygoidea
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
SPHENOID BONE (OS SPHENOIDALE)
PROCESSUS PTERYGOIDEUS:
2. CRISTA PTERYGOIDEA
- absent in ca
- crest continuing the proc. pterygoideus dorsally
- border of the fossa pterygopalatina
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-5.html
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
SPHENOID BONE
(OS SPHENOIDALE)
PROCESSUS PTERYGOIDEUS:
3. CANALIS PTERYGOIDEUS:
- longitudinal canal
- through the base of the proc. pterygoideus
eq
Sulcus nervi canali pterygoidei
Opening of the canalis
pterygoideus
SPHENOID BONE
(OS SPHENOIDALE)
PROCESSUS PTERYGOIDEUS:
4. SULCUS NERVI CANALI PTERYGOIDEI:
- caudal continuation of the canalis pterygoideus
eq
Sulcus nervi canali pterygoidei
Opening of the canalis
pterygoideus
Sulcus nervi canali pterygoidei
Opening of the canalis pterygoideus
INTERPARIETAL BONE (OS INTERPARIETALE)
- lies in the median plane
- rostral to the occipital bone
Interparietal bone
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5184921/
INTERPARIETAL BONE (OS INTERPARIETALE)
- in ox the frontal bone enlarges postnataly
– the interparietal bone become displaced into the nuchal region
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-8.html
Os interparietale
INTERPARIETAL BONE (OS INTERPARIETALE)
INNER SURFACE presents:
1. PROCESSUS TENTORICUS:
- in eq, ca
- forms the tentorium cerebelli osseum
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
INTERPARIETAL BONE (OS INTERPARIETALE)
INNER SURFACE presents:
2. CANALIS SINUS TRANSVERSI:
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
INTERPARIETAL BONE (OS INTERPARIETALE)
INNER SURFACE presents:
3. CRISTA SAGITTALIS INTERNA
4. SINUS FRONTALIS CAUDALIS:
- in bo
- septum sinuum frontalium
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-9.html
Septum sinuum frontalium
Crista sagittalis interna
Sinus frontalis caudalis
INTERPARIETAL BONE
(OS INTERPARIETALE)
OUTER SURFACE presents:
1. CRISTA SAGITALIS EXTERNA
- in eq, Car
- median crest on the external surface
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5800499/
INTERPARIETAL BONE (OS INTERPARIETALE)
OUTER SURFACE presents:
2. LINEA TEMPORALIS (temporal line):
- in Car, eq
Crista
sagittalis
extrena
Linea
temporalis
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5800499/
PARIETAL BONE (OS PARIETALE)
- paired bone
- lie between the occipital and frontal bones
- form the roof and the sides of the cranium
- in ox form the part of the nuchal surface
- margo interparietalis encloses the parietal bone
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-2.html
PARIETAL BONE
(OS PARIETALE)
presents:
1. Angulus frontalis
2. Angulus occipitalis
3. Angulus sphenoidalis
4. Angulus mastoideus
5. Facies externa
6. Facies interna
PARIETAL BONE (OS RPARIETALE)
FACIES EXTERNA divides into:
1. PLANUM PARIETALE:
– on the roof of the cranium
- in ox called as planum nuchale
2. PLANUM TEMPORALE:
– on the sides
https://slideplayer.com/slide/3991354/
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5800499/
Planum parietale
Planum temporale
PARIETAL BONE (OS RPARIETALE)
FACIES EXTERNA divides into:
3. LINEA TEMPORALIS (temporal line):
- separates the planum parietale and temporale
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-2.html
PARIETAL BONE (OS RPARIETALE)
FACIES EXTERNA
4. CRISTA SAGITTALIS EXTERNA:
- in eq, ca.
- extends from the interparietal bone
- divides into the lineae temporales on the frontal bone in ca
- divides into the lineae temporales on the parietal bone in eq
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-2.html
PARIETAL BONE (OS RPARIETALE)
FACIES EXTERNA:
5. SINUS FRONTALIS CAUDALIS
- in bo
- Septum sinuum frontalium
Septum sinuum frontalium
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-9.html
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
PARIETAL BONE
(OS PARIETALE)
FACIES INTERNA:
1. SULCI ARTERIOSI:
- vascular grooves
Sulci
arteriosi
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
PARIETAL BONE
(OS PARIETALE)
FACIES INTERNA:
2. IMPRESSIONES DIGITATAE:
- house the gyruses of brain
3. JUGA CEREBRALIA
Impressiones digitatae
Juga cerebralia
PARIETAL BONE (OS PARIETALE)
FACIES INTERNA:
4. CRISTA SAGITTALIS INTERNA:
- in eq
- inconstant
PARIETAL BONE (OS PARIETALE)
FACIES INTERNA:
5. PROCESSUS TENTORICUS:
- in eq, ca
- forms the tentorium cerebelli osseum
inner
surface
of the
parietal bone
Proc. tentoricus
Tentorium cerebelli osseum
TENTORIUM CEREBELLI
OSSEUM
formed by the processus tentoricus of the:
1. os parietale
2. os interparietale
3. os occipitale
- in eq, ca
- attachament of tentorium cerebelli
12. Tentorium cerebelli osseum https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tentorium_cerebelli
https://www.reddit.com/r/ThingsCutInHalfPorn/comments/bejyvo/hemisected_horse_head_used_as_teaching_aid_in_a/
Tentorium
cerebelli
Tentorium cerebelli
osseum
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Sagittally-bisected-head-and-anterior-neck-of-a-horse-The-first-four-cervical-vertebrae_fig20_258351326
inner
surface
of the
parietal bone Proc.
tentoricus
Tentorium cerebelli osseum
FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE)
- two frontal bones
- meet at the sutura interfrontalis
parts of the frontal bone:
1. SQUAMA FRONTALIS:
a) PARS ORBITALIS – forms the bony orbit
b) PARS NASALIS
- the two parts unite to form the squama
- participates in the formation of cranial roof
2. FACIES TEMPORALIS – lateral surface
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE)
SINUS FRONTALIS:
- each frontal bone contains one sinus in eq.
- each frontal bone contains more sinus in ca, bo
- Septum sinuum frontalium
- Aperturae sinuum frontalium
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-9.html
FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE)
PROTUBERANTIA INTERCORNUALES (intercornual protuberance):
- in ox during the postnatal development of the frontal sinus the frontal bones are displaced backwards –
the frontal bone become continous with the nuchal surface
- lies between the cornual process
https://slideplayer.com/slide/4698130/
A. Intercornual protuberance
B. Temporal line
C. Temporal fossa
D. Facial Tuberosity
https://www.memorangapp.com/flashcards/137526/Anatomy+2+Exam+1/
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-10.html
FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE)
SQUAMA FRONTALIS:
1. PROCESSUS ZYGOMATICUS:
- projects laterally
- in Ru unites with the frontal process of the zygomatic bone
- in eq unites with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone
Proc.
frontalis
ossis
zygomatici
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE)
SQUAMA FRONTALIS:
2. FOSSA GLANDULARES:
- in eq, bo
- on the orbital surface of the processus zygomazticus
- houses the lacriamal gland
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Lateral-view-of-Skull-of-blackbuck-showing-Facial-tuberosity-to-infraorbital-canal-A_fig4_322241290
https://www.merckvetmanual.com/horse-owners/eye-disorders-of-horses/eye-structure-and-function-in-horses
FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE)
SQUAMA FRONTALIS:
PROCESSUS ZYGOMATICUS ossis frontalis:
- participates into the formation of the MARGO SUPRAORBITALIS
MARGO SUPRAORBITALIS:
- forms the upper margin of the orbit
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
FRONTAL BONE
(OS FRONTALE)
SQUAMA FRONTALIS:
FORAMEN SUPRAORBITALE:
- in eq
FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE)
SQUAMA FRONTALIS:
CANALIS SUPRAORBITALIS:
- in bo
- supraorbital foramen = entrance of the canal
- double in ox
- continues by the sulcus supraorbitalis (supraorbital groove)
Canalis supraorbitalis
FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE)
SQUAMA FRONTALIS:
LIGAMENTUM ORBITALE:
- in ca
- forms the upper margin of the orbit
- below the ligament lies the fossa lacrimalis
FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE)
SQUAMA FRONTALIS:
LINEA TEMPORALIS:
- lies at the junction of the squamous part and the temporal surface
- in eq, ca continous as the crista sagittalis ext.
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-2.html
FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE)
SQUAMA FRONTALIS:
PROCESSUS CORNUALIS (cornual process):
- in horned ruminants
- at the caudal end of the squama on either side
- form the bony basis of the horns
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-9.html
FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE) PARS ORBITALIS:
- forms the medial wall of the orbit
1 Processus zygomaticus frontalis , 2 Foramina ethmoidalia,
3 Canalis opticus, 4 Fissura orbitalis,
5 Fossa sacci lacrimalis, 6 Foramen sphenopalatinum,
7 Foramen palatinum caudale, 8 Foramen maxillare,
9 Processus frontalis of zygomatic bone, 10 Processus
coronoideus of mandibula, 11 Processus temporalis
of zygomatic bone, 12 Processus zygomaticus temporalis,
13 Foramen alare rostrale, UK mandibula, Fpp Fossa pterygopalatina
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orbita_hund.jpg
FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE)
PARS ORBITALIS:
FOVEA TROCHLEARIS:
- medial to the origin of the zygomatic process
- accomodates the trochlear cartilage of the m. obligquus dorsalis
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE)
PARS ORBITALIS:
FORAMINA ETHMOIDALIA:
- in ca
FORAMEN ETHMOIDALE:
- in other species
ca
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
Foramina ethmoidalia
1. 2.
3.
4.
1. For. opticum
2. Fissura orbitalis
3. For. rotundum + For. alare rostrale
4. For. alare caudale
1.
2.
For. alare parvum
3.
4. For. alare
caudale
1. For. ethmoidale 2. For. opticum 3. Fissura orbitalis 4. For. alare rostrale
Crista pterygoidea
eq
FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE)
PARS TEMPORALIS:
CRISTA ORBITOTEMPORALIS
https://www.tankonyvtar.hu/hu/tartalom/tkt/haziallatok/ch02.html
ETHMOID BONE (OS ETHMOIDALE)
- lies deep within the skull
- lies between the two orbits and the caudal part of the nasal cavity
- resembles a horizontally placed tube
- the wall of the tube is the lamina externa
LAMINA EXTERNA comprises:
1. LAMINA TECTORIA – faces the forehead
2. LAMINA ORBITALIS
3. LAMINA BASALIS – forms the floor
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5184921/
ETHMOID BONE
(OS ETHMOIDALE)
LAMINA CRIBROSA:
- lies transversely
- separates the nasal cavity from the cranial cavity
- perforated lamina
- perforations allow passage of the olfactory fibers (fila olfactoria) into the bulbus olfactorius
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
ETHMOID BONE (OS ETHMOIDALE)
LAMINA PERPENDICULARIS:
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5184921/
Lamina perpen- dicularis
bo
ETHMOID BONE (OS ETHMOIDALE)
LAMINA PERPENDICULARIS:
- a median septum
- divides the nasal cavity into two
- part of the septum nasi osseum
- forms the crista galli
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5184921/
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Pteropus-livingstonii-AMNH-274466-caudal-view-of-the-frontoethmoidal-complex-showing-the_fig1_213771160
ETHMOID BONE (OS ETHMOIDALE)
LABIRINTHUS ETHMOIDALIS:
- projects into interior of the bone from both the tectorial plate and the orbital lamina
- surrounds the coiled ethmoturbinates
https://veteriankey.com/surgery-of-the-upper-respiratory-system/
Rest of the
lamina cribrosa
Labirinthus
ethmoidalis
ETHMOID BONE
(OS ETHMOIDALE)
LABIRINTHUS ETHMOIDALIS:
ETHMOTURBINATES:
- project from the tectorial and orbital plates into the interior
- each ethmoturbinate united to the outer walls and behind to the cribriform plate by its basal plate
- the basal lamellae project into the interior of the ethmoid – they form spiral lamellae
- if the spiral lamellae double the upper lamella coils in a dorsal direction
- in ca the spiral lamellae have longitudinal folds – give rise secondary lamellae
ETHMOID BONE
(OS ETHMOIDALE)
LABIRINTHUS ETHMOIDALIS:
ETHMOTURBINATES:
- arranged in two rows (three in eq)
1. ENDOTURBINATES:
- the larger ones
- extend far into the interior
ETHMOID BONE
(OS ETHMOIDALE)
LABIRINTHUS ETHMOIDALIS:
2. ECTOTURBINATES:
- smaller ones
- remain externally
- in eq form a double row
- in other animals they arranged in a single row
Transverse frozen section of the nasal cavity. D, dorsal nasal concha. Ectoturbinates are
identified by Arabic numerals (1–5) and endoturbinates by roman numerals (I–IV). Scale bar: 2
cm (see Figure S3). https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Transverse-frozen-section-of-the-nasal-cavity-D-dorsal-nasal-concha-Ectoturbinates-are_fig3_266950471
Fig. 3. Lateral (A, B) and medial (C, D) views of the endoturbinates (I–IV) (A, C)
and ectoturbinates (B, D) of the adult sheep, after extraction from the nasal
cavity. VNC, ventral nasal concha. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.]
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-nasal-cavity-of-the-sheep-and-its-olfactory-Barrios-Quinteiro/1584b23ad90368057e9e99018fbe40a98b0fc359/figure/3
Fig. 2. Medial views of the turbinate complex (A) and the nasal septum DNC, dorsal
nasal concha; EnT, endoturbinates; MNC, middle nasal concha; and VNC, ventral nasal concha.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-nasal-cavity-of-the-sheep-and-its-olfactory-Barrios-Quinteiro/1584b23ad90368057e9e99018fbe40a98b0fc359/figure/2
ETHMOID BONE
(OS ETHMOIDALE) LABIRINTHUS ETHMOIDALIS:
THE NUMBER OF ENDO – and ECTOTURBINATES on each side:
1. in dog 4+6
2. in Ru 4+18
3. in eq 6+25
Fig. 4. Transverse sections of the decalcified nasal cavity of
an adult sheep, from posterior (A) to anterior (D) levels,
showing the topography and arrangement of the
endoturbinates (in red, I–IV) and ectoturbinates. [Color figure
can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.]
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-nasal-cavity-of-the-sheep-and-its-olfactory-Barrios-Quinteiro/1584b23ad90368057e9e99018fbe40a98b0fc359/figure/4
https://hu.pinterest.com/pin/20618110779708550/
https://slideplayer.com/slide/3468364/
ETHMOID BONE
(OS ETHMOIDALE)
LABIRINTHUS ETHMOIDALIS:
ENDOTURBINATE I.:
- the most dorsal
- the largest
- protrudes forwards into the nasal cavity beyond the wall of the ethmoid
- attaches to the ethmoid crest of the nasal bone
- forms the bony base of the concha nasalis dorsalis
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab20/Img20-2.html
ETHMOID BONE
(OS ETHMOIDALE)
LABIRINTHUS ETHMOIDALIS:
ENDOTURBINATE II.:
- second in position and size
- forms the basis of the concha nasalis media
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab20/Img20-15.html
1 : Concha nasalis dorsalis
2 : Concha nasalis media
3 : Concha nasalis ventralis
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nasal_concha
https://slideplayer.com/slide/6096396/
ETHMOID BONE
(OS ETHMOIDALE)
LABIRINTHUS ETHMOIDALIS:
ECTOTURBINATES:
- more lateral in position
- can be seen from the interior once the endoturbinates removed
https://slideplayer.com/slide/3468364/
ETHMOID BONE
(OS ETHMOIDALE)
LABIRINTHUS ETHMOIDALIS:
MEATUS ETHMOIDALES:
- lie between the ethmoturbinates
https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ebooks/pdf/10.1055/b-0034-36154.pdf
TEMPORAL BONE
(OS TEMPORALE)
- forms the lower part of the lateral wall of the skull
formed by the fusion of:
1. PARS SQUAMOSA
2. PARS PETROSA, PORCESSUS MASTOIDEUS
3. PARS TYMPANICA
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5184921/ https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)
PARS PETROSA (petrous part) and PARS TYMPANICA (tympanic part):
- enclose the inner and the middle ear
- at the base of the skull these part releated to the basal part of the occipital bone
- in ca sutura occipitotympanica – the two bones unite at this suture
- in others fissura petrooccipitalis – seprates the two bones
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Cross-section-through-the-head-of-a-domestic-dog-Canis-familiaris-showing-structures-of_fig4_275466956
TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)
PARS SQUAMOSA (SQUAMA TEMPORALIS):
- formation of the wall of the cranial cavity
Parts of the pars squamosa:
a. FACEIS CEREBRALIS – inner surface
b. FACIES TEMPORALIS – outer surface
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/orbits
TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)
PARS SQUAMOSA (SQUAMA TEMPORALIS):
a. FACEIS CEREBRALIS presents:
1. SULCI ARTERIOSI ET VENOSI
2. IMPRESSIONES DIGITATAE
3. JUGA CEREBRALIS
4. CRISTA TENTORICA – in small Ru
TEMPORAL BONE
(OS TEMPORALE)
PARS SQUAMOSA (SQUAMA TEMPORALIS):
b. FACIES TEMPORALIS presents:
1. PROCESSUS ZYGOMATICUS
- laterally and rostrally
- forms the ARCUS ZYGOMATICUS with the temporal process of the zygomatic bone
Proc. temporalis ossis zygomatici
https://animaldiversity.org/collections/contributors/anatomical_images/dog_skull/dog_lateral/
TEMPORAL BONE
(OS TEMPORALE)
PARS SQUAMOSA (SQUAMA TEMPORALIS):
b. FACIES TEMPORALIS presents:
1. PROCESSUS ZYGOMATICUS
- FACIES ARTICULARIS for the mandibular joint on the ventral surface
https://www.doctorramey.com/tmj-disease-is-rare-in-horses/
http://sporthorses.vet/blog/2018/05/09/enfermedad-articulacion-temporomandibular-tmj-2/
http://sreesanjeevini.com/temporomandibular-joint/
Ventromedial view of the left temporomandibular joint: bones references and articular disc
position. 1 = Occipital condyle; 2 = paracondilar process; 3 = basilar portion of the occipital
bone; 4 = foramen lacerum; 5 = temporal bone (tympanic and petrous portion); 6 = articular
disc; 7 = dorsal synovial pouch; 8 = caudal compartment of the dorsal synovial pouch; 9 =
mandibular condyle; 10 = mandibular branch.
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Ventromedial-view-of-the-left-temporomandibular-joint-bones-references-and-articular_fig3_7242952
TEMPORAL BONE
(OS TEMPORALE)
PARS SQUAMOSA (SQUAMA TEMPORALIS):
b. FACIES TEMPORALIS presents:
2. TUBERCULUM ARTICULARE (articular tuberosity):
- forms the mandibular joint in front
- rostral to the fossa articularis
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)
PARS SQUAMOSA (SQUAMA TEMPORALIS):
b. FACIES TEMPORALIS presents:
3. FOSSA MANDIBULARIS:
- forms the mandibular joint
- for the condyle of mandible
- Facies articularis
TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)
PARS SQUAMOSA (SQUAMA TEMPORALIS):
b. FACIES TEMPORALIS presents:
4. PROCESSUS RETROARTICULARIS:
- behind the fossa mandibularis
Proc. retroarticularis
TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)
PARS SQUAMOSA (SQUAMA TEMPORALIS):
b. FACIES TEMPORALIS presents:
5. FORAMEN RETROARTICULARE:
- in eq, bo, ca
- external opening of the meatus temporalis (for sinus temporalis)
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
https://vetfolio-vetstreet.s3.amazonaws.com/mmah/17/76662fb9924525b8367672fb2fd15a/filePV_27_05_377.pdf
TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)
PARS SQUAMOSA (SQUAMA TEMPORALIS):
b. FACIES TEMPORALIS presents:
5. PROCESSUS OCCIPITALIS:
- behind the origin of the zygomatic process
- forms a suture with the occipital bone
https://www.slideshare.net/VetAbdulrhmanSubhi/short-notes-in-dog-skeleton
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
Processus occipitalis
TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)
PARS SQUAMOSA (SQUAMA TEMPORALIS):
b. FACIES TEMPORALIS presents:
5. PROCESSUS OCCIPITALIS:
- on its outer surface runs the CRISTA TEMPORALIS
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
TEMPORAL BONE
(OS TEMPORALE)
PARS SQUAMOSA (SQUAMA TEMPORALIS):
b. FACIES TEMPORALIS presents:
6. PROCESSUS RETROTYMPANICUS:
- surrounds the external auditory meatus caudally
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)
PARS SQUAMOSA (SQUAMA TEMPORALIS):
b. FACIES TEMPORALIS presents:
7. MEATUS TEMPORALIS:
- formed by the parietal bone and the porc. occipitalis
- contains veins from the dorsal sinus of the dura mater
TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)
PARS SQUAMOSA (SQUAMA TEMPORALIS):
b. FACIES TEMPORALIS presents:
FOSSA TEMPORALIS (temporal fossa):
- area surrounded by linea temporalis
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
TEMPORAL BONE
(OS TEMPORALE)
PARS PETROSA (PETROSUM):
- caudoventral part of the temporal bone
a. INNER SURFACE (FACIES MEDIALIS):
- faces the cranial cavity
1. PORUS ACCUSTICUS INTERNUS:
- leads into the meatus accusticus internus via the fundus meatus acisticus internus
- Crista transversa arises from the fundus
https://wiley-vch.e-bookshelf.de/products/reading-epub/product-id/650285...
TEMPORAL BONE
(OS TEMPORALE)
PARS PETROSA (PETROSUM):
a. INNER SURFACE (FACIES MEDIALIS):
1. PORUS ACUSTICUS INTERNUS:
a. AREA N. FACIALIS – entrance of the facial canal
b. AREA COCHLEA – for the passage of the cochlear branches of the n. vestibulocochlearis
c. AREA VESTIBULARIS SUPERIOR (dorsalis)
d. AREA VESTIBULARIS INFERIOR (ventralis) - for the passage of the vestibular branches of the vestibulocochlear nerve
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
https://slideplayer.hu/slide/13758882/
TEMPORAL BONE
(OS TEMPORALE)
PARS PETROSA (PETROSUM):
b. FACIES VENTRALIS:
- forms the lower part of the medial wall of the tympanic cavity of the middle ear
presents:
a) PROMONTORIUM
b) FENESTRA VESTIBULI (OVALIS)
c) FENESTRA COCHLEAE (ROTUNDUM)
FIG. 20-1 Major regions of the ear.A, Cross-section, head through the right ear, rostral surface, dog.
External (E), middle (M), and inner (I) ear are illustrated. The tympanic membrane has been removed in
this section. The external ear consists of the auricle and external acoustic meatus; the middle ear consists
of the ossicles, tympanic cavity, and bulla; and the inner ear consists of the cochlea and semicircular
canals. B, Schematic diagram depicting a cross-section through the external, middle, and inner ear of a dog. (A courtesy Dr. B.L. Njaa, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University.)
https://veteriankey.com/the-ear-and-eye/
https://eref.thieme.de/cockpits/clAna0001/0/coAna00079/4-9962
TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)
PARS PETROSA (PETROSUM):
PROCESSUS MASTOIDEUS (mastoid process):
- ventral process
- caudal to the external auditory meatus
https://wiley-vch.e-bookshelf.de/products/reading-epub/product-id/650285...
eq
Proc. mastoideus
Proc. retro-
tympanicus
Proc. muscularis
Proc. retro.-
articularis
TEMPORAL BONE
(OS TEMPORALE)
PARS PETROSA (PETROSUM):
PROCESSUS STYLOIDEUS:
- in eq, bo
- provides attachament for the hyoid bone
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-12.html http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
http://vanat.ahc.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab20/Img20-8.html
TEMPORAL BONE
(OS TEMPORALE)
PARS PETROSA (PETROSUM):
PROCESSUS STYLOIDEUS:
bo
Proc. styloideus
eq
Proc. mastoideus
Proc. retro-
tympanicus
Proc. muscularis
Proc. retro.-
articularis
Proc. styloideus
Proc. styloideus
Foramen ovale
Foramen stylomastoideum
TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)
PARS PETROSA (PETROSUM):
FORAMEN STYLOMASTOIDEUM:
- exit of the canalis facialis (facial canal)
- in ca between the pars tympanica and the mastoid process
- in eq, bo, between the sytloid and mastoid process
https://wiley-vch.e-bookshelf.de/products/reading-epub/product-id/650285...
TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)
PARS TYMPANICA (TYMPANICUM):
- lies at the base of the temporal bone
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari https://wiley-vch.e-bookshelf.de/products/reading-epub/product-id/650285...
TEMPORAL BONE
(OS TEMPORALE)
PARS TYMPANICA (TYMPANICUM):
1. BULLA TYMPANICA (tympanic bulla):
- encloses the lower region of the CAVUM TYMPANI
- part of the midde ear
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-12.html
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-4.html
TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)
PARS TYMPANICA (TYMPANICUM):
1. BULLA TYMPANICA (tympanic bulla):
- Septum bullae – in ca
https://wiley-vch.e-bookshelf.de/products/reading-epub/product-id/650285...
TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)
PARS TYMPANICA: (TYMPANICUM):
2. BONY MEATUS ACUSTICUS EXTERNA:
- extends laterally from the upper part of the tympanic bulla
- ends at the PORUS MEATUS ACCUSTICUS EXTERNUS
TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)
PARS TYMPANICA: (TYMPANICUM):
3. VAGINA PROCESSUS STYLOIDEI:
- in eq, bo
- surrounds the proc. styloideus
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-13.html
bo
Vagina proc. styloideus
TEMPORAL BONE
(OS TEMPORALE)
PARS TYMPANICA: (TYMPANICUM):
4. PROCESSUS MUSCULARIS:
- projects from the mediorostral wall of the bulla tympanica
- in ca insignificant, taking the form of a very short thorn
- in small Ru, eq – long rod
- in ox – the base is broad
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-5.html
TEMPORAL BONE
(OS TEMPORALE)
PARS TYMPANICA (TYMPANICUM):
5. FISSURA PETROTYMPANICA:
- opens from the tympanic cavity
- between pars tympanica et petrosa
- passage of the chorda tympani of the facial nerve
https://wiley-vch.e-bookshelf.de/products/reading-epub/product-id/650285...
Bulla tympanica
Proc. retroarticularis
Meatus accusticus ext.
Fissura petrotympanica
TEMPORAL BONE
(OS TEMPORALE)
PARS TYMPANICA (TYMPANICUM):
6. PARS OSSEA TUBAE AUDITIVAE:
- lies medial to the muscular process
- connection between the tympanic cavity and nasopharynx
entral view of the caudal half of the canine skull (mandible removed). The auditory tube originates
from the dorsolateral wall of the bulla (inset), just rostral to the tensor tympani muscle attachment, as
the musculotubal canal. The distal end opens rostrally on the dorsolateral wall of the nasopharynx,
just medial to the ipsilateral pterygoid process, or hamulus.
(Photos by Phil Snow, UTCVM) © 2012 The University of Tennessee.
https://wiley-vch.e-bookshelf.de/products/reading-epub/product-id/650285...
TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)
PARS TYMPANICA (TYMPANICUM):
CANALIS MUSCULOTUBARIUS:
a. Semicanalis tubae auditivae – for tuba auditiva into the tympanic canal
b. Semicanalis m. tensor tympani – for m. tensor tympani
c. Septum canalis musculotubarii
TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)
PARS TYMPANICA (TYMPANICUM):
CANALIS CAROTICUS:
- in ca
- on the medial wall of the tympanic bulla
- for the A. carotis int.
https://wiley-vch.e-bookshelf.de/products/reading-epub/product-id/650285...
TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)
PARS TYMPANIC (TYMPANICUM):
FOSSA CEREBELLARIS:
- depression dorsal to the meatus accusticus internus
- for cerebellum
FOSSA SUBARCUATA:
- in Car
- deep depression to the porus accusticus internus
https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5:Temporal_bone1.jpg
TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)
PARS TYMPANICA (TYMPANICUM):
CAVUM TYMPANI (tympanic cavity):
- in the middle ear
comprises:
1. A CENTRAL CAVITY (MESOTYMPANICUM)
2. RECESSUS EPITYMPANICUS (EPITYMPANICUM)
3. BULLA TYMPANICA (HYPOTYMPANICUM)
http://www.jaypeedigital.com/Chapter/IndexXML?Chapid=99779&sno=9999&ChapNo=99779&isbn=9789351524526&N=-1&B=-1
TEMPORAL BONE
(OS TEMPORALE)
PARS TYMPANICA (TYMPANICUM):
CAVUM TYMPANI (tympanic cavity):
1. A CENTRAL CAVITY (MESOTYMPANICUM):
- its lateral wall bears the anulus tympanicus (tympanic ring)
- anulus tympanicus accomodates the membrana tympanica
http://www.jaypeedigital.com/Chapter/IndexXML?Chapid=99779&sno=9999&ChapNo=99779&isbn=9789351524526&N=-1&B=-1
TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)
PARS TYMPANICA (TYMPANICUM):
CAVUM TYMPANI (tympanic cavity):
2. RECESSUS EPITYMPANICUS (EPITYMPANICUM):
lodges the:
a. Malleus
b. Incus
c. Stapes
d. Lenticula bone
https://slideplayer.org/slide/5395350/
TEMPORAL BONE
(OS TEMPORALE)
PARS TYMPANICA (TYMPANICUM):
CAVUM TYMPANI (tympanic cavity):
BULLA TYMPANICA (HYPOTYMPANICUM):
- in ca divides into Cellulae tympanicae
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-4.html
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-12.html
http://www.deepseanews.com/2016/02/do-baby-dolphins-hear-their-parents
TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)
PARS TYMPANICA (TYMPANICUM):
AQUEDUCTUS VESTIBULI:
- canal for the ductus endolymphaticus
- Apertura externa aqueductus vestibuli
CANALICULUS COCHLEAE:
- canal for the ductus perilymphaticus
- Apertura externa canalis cochleae
https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5:Temporal_bone1.jpg
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
BIBLIOGRAPHIE
1. R. Nickel, A. Shummer, E. Steiferle: Lehrbuch der Anatomie der Haustiere Band III., 2.
Auflage
2. Klaus-Dieter Budras, Patrick H. McCarthy , Wolfgang Fricke : Renate Richter Anatomy of the
Dog, 5th revised Edition
3. Klaus-Dieter Budras , W.O.Sack, Sabine Röck : Anatomy of the Horse 5th revised Edition
4. Klaus – Dieter Budras, Rober E. Habel: Bovine Anatomy, 1st Edition
5. Miller’s Anatomy of the dog, 4th Edition
6. König – Liebich: Anatomie der Haussäugetiere, 4. Auflage
7. König – Liebich: Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals, 4th Edition
8. Saunders W.B: Veterinary Anatomy Flash Cards, 2nd Revised edition