neurocranium · 2019-10-23 · shape of the skull -differs from species to species -the...

155
NEUROCRANIUM Andrea Heinzlmann University of Veterinary Medicine Department of Anatomy and Histology 8th October 2019

Upload: others

Post on 23-Jul-2020

3 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

NEUROCRANIUM

Andrea Heinzlmann

University of Veterinary Medicine

Department of Anatomy and Histology

8th October 2019

Page 2: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

THE SKULL (CRANIUM)

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKULL:

• forms the bony framework of the head

• houses the barin and meninges

• houses the higher sense organs

• houses the parts of the respiratory system

• houses the parts of the digestive system

• provides attachments for the facial muscles

• provides attachments for the mastications muscles

http://www.nhc.ed.ac.uk/index.php?page=493.172

ca eq https://www.horsetalk.co.nz/2017/09/28/bridle-fit-important-horse-saddle-fitting/

bo

http://raab.moovr.fr/cow-skull-diagram.html

Page 3: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SHAPE OF THE SKULL

- differs from species to species

- the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium

a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a protective case around the brain

b. VISCEROCRANIUM: form the skeleton of the face as well as parts of the jaw

Page 4: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

BONES OF THE SKULL

• flat

consist of:

1. LAMINA EXTERNA

2. SPONGY MIDDLE LAYER – DIPLOE

3. LAMINA INTERNA

https://www2.aofoundation.org/wps/portal/!ut/p/a1/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfGjzOKN_A0M3D2DDbz9_UMMDRyDXQ3dw9wMDAzMjYEKIvEocDQnTr8BDuBoQEh_QW5oKAD4ENaS/dl5/d5/L2dJQSEvUUt3QS80SmlFL1o2XzJPMDBHSVMwS09PVDEwQVNFMUdWRjAwMDcz/?bone=CMF&segment=Cranium&showPage=A&contentUrl=srg/popup/additional_material/93/X40-Harvest-bone-graft.jsp

Lamina externa

diploe

Lamina interna

https://news.psu.edu/photo/483082/2017/09/18/brain-magnets-diploe

Page 5: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

PNEUMATIC BONES OF THE SKULL

• lined by respiratory mucous epithel

• contain air

• connected to the nasal cavity

• known as paranasal sinuses (sinus paranasales)

• the diploe disappear

• the lamina ext. et int. fused

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-9.html

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Disorders-of-the-Paranasal-Sinuses-Tremaine-Freeman/b9dc638997799bb89577bf771f4a3a0a2f96f6a6/figure/11

Page 6: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

BONES OF THE

NEUROCRANIUM

UNPAIRED BONES:

1. ethmoid bone

2. sphenoid bone

3. occipital bone

4. interparietal bone

PAIRED BONES:

1. parietal bones

2. temporal bones

3. frontal bones

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-2.html

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-1.html

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-3.html

Page 9: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

BONES OF THE SKULL (OSSA CRANII)

THE ROOF formed by:

1. interparietal bones

2. parietal bones

3. frontal bones

https://veteriankey.com/the-skeleton/

Page 10: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

BONES OF THE SKULL (OSSA CRANII)

THE LATERAL WALLS on each side formed by:

1. temporal bone

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Lateral-view-of-a-dog-skull-P-parietal-bone-T-temporal-bone-F-frontal-bone-O_fig1_276416567

Lateral view of a dog skull

(P: parietal bone;

T: temporal bone;

F: frontal bone;

O: occipital bone). The

arrows and dashed circle

indicate the regions where

the transducer was placed

to perform the ultrasound

examination of the brain

Page 12: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

BONES OF THE SKULL

(OSSA CRANII)

THE NUCHAL WALL formed by:

1. squamous part of the occipital bone

2. lateral part of the occipital bone

https://veteriankey.com/the-skeleton/

Page 13: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

BONES OF THE SKULL (OSSA CRANII)

THE NASAL WALL formed by:

1. ethmoid bone

https://slideplayer.com/slide/5184921/ https://veteriankey.com/the-skeleton/

Page 14: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)

- situated on the nuchal wall

- encloses the foramen magnum

FORAMEN MAGNUM:

- links the cranial cavity with the vertebral canal

https://veteriankey.com/the-skeleton/

Page 15: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

OCCIPITAL BONE

(OS OCCIPITALE)

consists of:

1. SQUAMOUS PART (SQUAMA OCCIPITALIS)

2. LATERAL PART (PARS LATERALIS)

3. BASAL PART (PARS BASILARIS)

5. Pars basilaris

12. Pars lateralis

22. Squama occipitalis

Pars basilaris

Pars lateralis Pars

squamosa

https://es.slideshare.net/AndresBriceo2/anatoma-veterinaria

Page 17: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

OCCIPITAL BONE

(OS OCCIPITALE)

SQUAMOUS PART (SQUAMA OCCIPITALIS):

bears:

2. CRISTA SAGITTALIS EXT. (external sagittal crest):

• runs on a rostral direction

• in ca, eq

The sagittal crest lies along the middorsal line of the interparietal bone. It is continuous with

the nuchal crest (lamboidal ridge) of the occipital bone. The occipital condyles are the points at

which the skull articulates with the vertebral column

http://biology.kenyon.edu/heithausp/cat-tutorial/skull/lateral.htm

Posterolateral View

Page 18: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)

SQUAMOUS PART (SQUAMA OCCIPITALIS):

bears:

3. LINEA NUCHAE:

• in bo

• nuchal crest corresponds to the linea nuchae

https://www.alamy.com/the-anatomy-of-the-domestic-animals-veterinary-anatomy-142-skeleton-of-the-ox-upper-and-lower-parts-than-in-the-horse-the-mastoid-foramen-is-at-the-junction-of-the-occipital-and-temporal-bones-it-is-frequently-very-small-fig-138cranium-of-jersey-cow-nuchal-view-the-fig-139cranium-op-polled-angus-cow-nuchal-greater-part-of-the-processus-cornus-has-been-view-sawn-off-1-foramen-magnum-2-occipital-condyle-3-paramastoid-proceas-4-bulla-ossea-5-meatus-acustieus-externus-6-mastoid-foramen-7-external-occipital-protuberance-8-median-occipital-crest-9-linea-nucha-image236813624.html

Linea nuchae

Protuberantia occipitalis

externa

Linea nuchae

Protuberantia occipitalis externa

Crista

occipitalis

externa

Page 19: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)

SQUAMOUS PART (SQUAMA OCCIPITALIS):

bears:

4. PROTUBERANTIA OCCIPITALIS EXT. (external occipital protuberance):

- lies between the nuchal crest or nuchal line

- in ca, eq, bo

Page 20: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)

SQUAMOUS PART (SQUAMA OCCIPITALIS):

bears:

4. PROTUBERANTIA OCCIPITALIS EXT.

- directed towards the foramen magnum as CRISTA OCCIPITALIS EXT.

https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari

Page 21: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)

INNER SURFACE (lamina int.) OF THE SQUAMA OCCIPITALIS:

bears:

1. FOSSA CEREBELLARIS (cerebellar fossa):

- for cerebellum

Fossa

cerebellaris

Fossa cerebellaris

cerebellum

https://pxhere.com/en/photo/1126358

Page 22: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)

INNER SURFACE (lamina int.) OF THE SQUAMOUS PART (SQUAMA OCCIPITALIS):

bears:

2. PROTUBERANTIA OCCIPITALIS INT.

- in bo

Protuberancia occipitalis

interna

Page 23: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)

INNER SURFACE (lamina int.) OF THE SQUAMOUS PART (SQUAMA OCCIPITALIS):

bears:

3. PROCESSUS TENTORCIUS (tentoric process):

- in ca, eq

- part of the tentorium cerebelli osseum

Page 24: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)

INNER SURFACE (lamina int.) OF THE SQUAMOUS PART

(SQUAMA OCCIPITALIS) bears:

4. IMPRESSIO VERMIALIS (vermiform impression):

- impression by vermis cerebelli

https://veteriankey.com/the-skeleton/

vermis

Dorsocaudal view of normal dog cerebellum.

https://veteriankey.com/cerebellum/

inner

surface

of the

parietal bone

Impressio vermialis

Page 25: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)

INNER SURFACE (lamina int.) OF THE SQUAMOUS PART (SQUAMA OCCIPITALIS):

bears:

5. SINUS FRONTALIS CAUDALIS:

- in bo

- Septum sinuum frontalium

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-9.html

Page 26: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

OCCIPITAL BONE

(OS OCCIPITALE)

PARTES LATERALES:

form:

- the lateral limits of the foramen magnum

1. CONDYLI OCCIPITALES (occipital condyle)

- forms the atlantooccipital joint

Page 27: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

OCCIPITAL BONE

(OS OCCIPITALE)

PARTES LATERALES:

2. PROCESSUS PARACONDYLARIS:

- lateral from the condylus occipitalis

- known earlier as the jugular process (processus jugularis)

Page 28: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

OCCIPITAL BONE

(OS OCCIPITALE)

PARTES LATERALES:

3. FOSSA CONDYLARIS VENTRALIS:

- between the condyle and paracondylar process

- depression ventral to the condylus occipitalis

4. FOSSA CONDYLARIS DORSALIS

- depression dorsal to the condylus occipitalis

Fossa condylaris dorsalis

Page 29: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)

PARTES LATERALES:

5. CANALIS NERVI HYPOGLOSSI:

- passage of the hypoglossal nerve

https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/5/2/44/htm

1. premaxilla bone; 8. zygomatic process of

squamosal bone; 14. jugular process; 15.

palatine process of maxilla; 16. palatine bone;

17. vomer bone; 18. presphenoid bone; 19.

basisphenoid bone; 20. basioccipital bone; 1.

tympanic process of the alisphenoid; 22.

zygomatic process of maxilla; 23. pterygoid

bone; 41. prearticular process; 42.

retroarticular process; c. foramen magnum; d.

palatine fissure; e. maxillopalatine fenestra;

palatine fenestra; g. caudal palatine foramen; h.

choana; o. caudal alar foramen; p. carotic

canal; q. transverse canal foramen; r.

stylomastoid foramen; s. hypoglossal canal;

I1–5. upper incisor teeth; C1. upper canine

teeth; P1–3. upper premolar teeth; and, M1–4.

upper molar teeth.

http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf

Page 30: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)

PARS LATERALIS:

6. CANALIS CONDYLARIS (condyloid canal):

- in ca, bo

- canal for the sinus condylaris

https://slideplayer.com/slide/5184921/

Page 31: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)

PARS BASILARIS:

forms:

- the posterior part of the base of the skull

- in front of the foramen magnum

- articulates with the sphenoid through the synchondrosis sphenoidalis

Page 33: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)

THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE PARS BASILARIS:

bears:

2. TUBERCULUM PHARINGEUM:

- in Car

- median tubercle

- on the ventral surface

http://www.boneid.net/product/inferior-view-gray-fox-cranium/

Tuberculum musculare

http://old.univet.hu/hu/egyetem/szervezeti-egysegek/anatomiai-es-szovettani-tanszek/letoltheto-anyagok

https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari

Page 34: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)

THE INNER SURFACE OF THE PARS BASILARIS:

bears:

1. FOSSA CRANII CAUDALIS:

Sagittal section through a equine skull.

1 Concha nasalis dorsalis,

2 Concha nasalis media,

3 Concha nasalis ventralis,

4 Os ethmoidale,

5 Os pterygoideum,

6 Sinus frontalis,

7 Sinus sphenoidalis,

8 Fossa cranii rostralis,

Fossa cranii media,

10 Fossa cranii caudalis,

11 Porus acusticus internus,

12 Tentorium cerebelli osseum,

13 Processus paracondylaris

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pferdesch%C3%A4del.jpg

Page 35: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

OCCIPITAL BONE

(OS OCCIPITALE)

1. FOSSA CRANII CAUDALIS:

subdivided into:

a. rostral IMPRESSIO PONTICA - impression for the pons

b. caudally situated IMPRESSIO MEDULLARIS – impression for the medulla oblongata

http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf eq

Impressio medullaris

Impressio pontica

Page 36: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

OCCIPITAL BONE

(OS OCCIPITALE)

THE SIDE OF THE PARS BASILARIS:

bears:

1. FORAMEN JUGULARE (jugular foramen):

- between occipital and petrosal bones

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-12.html

ca

eq

http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf

Page 37: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

OCCIPITAL BONE (OS OCCIPITALE)

THE SIDE OF THE PARS BASILARIS:

bears:

2. FISSURA PETROOCCIPITALIS:

- in Car, Ru

ca

Fissura petroocipitalis

Page 38: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SPHENOID BONE

(OS SPHENOIDALE)

foms:

- the rostral part of the base of the skull

two parts:

1. OS PRESPHENOIDALE

2. OS BASISPHENOIDALE

- at birth the two parts united by the synchondrosis intersphenoidalis, which becomes ossified during the

1st years of life

https://animaldiversity.org/collections/contributors/anatomical_images/dog_skull/dog_basicranium/

ca

eq

http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf

https://slideplayer.com/slide/5184921/

https://deacademic.com/dic.nsf/dewiki/452610

Page 42: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SPHENOID BONE (OS SPHENOIDALE)

OS PRESPHENOIDALE:

- the rostrum sphenoidale continues into the CRISTA GALLI of the etmoid bone

https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari

crista

galli

Page 43: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SPHENOID BONE

(OS SPHENOIDALE)

CORPUS OSSIS PRESPHENOIDALIS:

1. FOSSA CRANII ROSTRALIS

- forms with the wings

2. SINUS SPHENOIDALES:

- paired

- Septum sinuum sphenoidalium

https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari

http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf

Fossa cranii rostralis

Page 44: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SPHENOID BONE (OS SPHENOIDALE)

CORPUS OSSIS PRESPHENOIDALIS:

3. SULCUS CHIASMATIS (chiasmatic sulcus):

- in the caudal part of the preshenoid

- houses the chiasma opticum

- marked by the crista orbitosphenoidalis

Comparison of the olfactory bulbs of the dog (macrosmatic) and human (micromatic) brains, ventral aspects.

https://veteriankey.com/cranial-nerves-2/

https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari

Page 45: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SPHENOID BONE

(OS SPHENOIDALE)

ALA OSSIS PRESPHENOIDALIS:

- the outer surface participate in the formation of the orbit

- the inner surface forms the cranial cavity

1 Processus zygomaticus frontalis , 2 Foramina ethmoidalia, 3 Canalis

opticus, 4 Fissura orbitalis, 5 Fossa sacci lacrimalis, 6 Foramen

sphenopalatinum, 7 Foramen palatinum caudale, 8 Foramen maxillare, 9

Processus frontalis of zygomatic bone, 10 Processus coronoideus of

mandibula, 11 Processus temporalis of zygomatic bone, 12 Processus

zygomaticus temporalis, 13 Foramen alare rostrale, UK mandibula, Fpp

Fossa pterygopalatina

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orbita_hund.jpg

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Visual-difference-in-wolf-and-dog-skull-morphology-A-recent-Siberian-wolf-skull-No_fig5_303766520

Page 46: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SPHENOID BONE

(OS SPHENOIDALE)

ALA OSSIS PRESPHENOIDALIS:

1. CANALIS OPTICUS:

- at the root of the wings

- leads to the orbit

- houses the optic nerve

Canalis

opticus

Crista orbitosphenoidalis

Page 48: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SPHENOID BONE

(OS SPHENOIDALE)

ALA OSSIS PRESPHENOIDALIS:

FORAMEN ROTUNDUM (round foramen):

- lies below the fissura orbitalis

- within the wing

- in ca, eq opens rostrally into the canalis alaris

https://www.neuroanatomyofthedog.com/iiiiiivvvi-cranial-nerves?lightbox=image_4h8

ca

Canalis opticus Fissura orbitalis

Foramen rotundum

Foramen ovale

Page 50: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SPHENOID BONE

(OS SPHENOIDALE)

CORPUS OSSIS BASISPHENOIDALIS:

1. FOSSA CRANII MEDIA

- formed by the body and the wings of the basisphenoid

wing wing

body

Page 51: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SPHENOID BONE

(OS SPHENOIDALE)

CORPUS OSSIS BASISPHENOIDALIS:

2. SELLA TURCICA:

- on the floor of the cranial cavity

- houses the FOSSA HYPOPHYSIALIS

- projects as the DORSUM SELLAE – exept in eq

https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari

wing wing

http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf

Page 52: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SPHENOID BONE

(OS SPHENOIDALE)

CORPUS OSSIS BASISPHENOIDALIS:

2. SELLA TURCICA

Sella turcica

eq

Sella turcica

Dorsum sellae

ca

Sella turcica

Sella turcica

Dorsum sellae

Sinus frontalis

Page 53: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SPHENOID BONE

(OS SPHENOIDALE)

CORPUS OSSIS BASISPHENOIDALIS:

3. SULCUS CAROTICUS (carotid sulcus):

- in ca, eq

Carotid sulcus

Sella turcica

Dorsum sellae

Sulcus caroticus

Page 54: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SPHENOID BONE

(OS SPHENOIDALE)

ALA OSSIS BASISPHENOIDALIS (ALA TEMPORALIS):

- extend dorsally as far as the squamous temporal part

1. SULCUS NERVI OPHTHALMICI ET MAXILLARIS:

- in bo

- situated on the cerebral surface

- connects the foramen orbitorotundum with the orbit

Canalis caroticus

Foramen orbitorotundum Foramen

ovale

Sella

turcica

Sulcus nervi

opthmalmici et

maxillaris

Page 55: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SPHENOID BONE (OS SPHENOIDALE)

ALA OSSIS BASISPHENOIDALIS (ALA TEMPORALIS):

2. SULCUS NERVI OPHTHALMICI:

- in eq, Car

- medial one

- communicates with the orbital fissure

https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari

Sulcus nervi

opthalmici

Page 56: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SPHENOID BONE (OS SPHENOIDALE)

ALA OSSIS BASISPHENOIDALIS (ALA TEMPORALIS):

3. SULCUS NERVI MAXILLARIS:

- in eq, Car

- lateral one

- leads to the round foramen

https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari

Sulcus nervi

maxillaris

Page 57: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SPHENOID BONE (OS SPHENOIDALE)

ALA OSSIS BASISPHENOIDALIS (ALA TEMPORALIS):

4. FOSSA PIRIFORMIS:

- houses the piriform lobe of the brain

- lateral from the sulcus nervi maxillaris

https://www.louisdonald.com/theheadofthegermanshepherd.html

https://www.tankonyvtar.hu/hu/tartalom/tkt/haziallatok/ch02.html eq

Fossa piriformis

Page 58: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SPHENOID BONE

(OS SPHENOIDALE)

ALA OSSIS BASISPHENOIDALIS (ALA TEMPORALIS):

5. FORAMEN LACERUM:

- in eq the caudal border of each wing demarcates the rostral margin

https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari

Foramen

(canalis)

n. hypoglossi

Foramen Jugulare caudale

Fissura petroocipitalis

Foramen lacerum

http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf

Page 59: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SPHENOID BONE

(OS SPHENOIDALE)

ALA OSSIS BASISPHENOIDALIS (ALA TEMPORALIS):

5. FORAMEN LACERUM in eq:

there are three notches in the border:

a. Incisura carotica (carotid notch)

- medial

- doubled

b. Incisura ovalis (oval notch)

- lateral

c. Incisura spinosa

(spinous notch)

https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari

Incisura

ovalis

Foramen

(canalis)

n. hypoglossi

Foramen Jugulare caudale

Fissura petroocipitale

Incisura carotica Incisura

ovalis Incisura spinosa

Page 60: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SPHENOID BONE

(OS SPHENOIDALE)

ALA OSSIS BASISPHENOIDALIS (ALA TEMPORALIS):

FORAMEN LACERUM:

- absent in Car, Ru

- replaced by three foramina

a. FORAMEN OVALE

- in the wing of the basisphenoid

- in Car, bo

b. FORAMEN CAROTICUM (CANALIS CAROTICUS)

- formed by the tympanic part of the temporal bone

- in Car

c. FORAMEN SPINOSUM

- in Car

https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari

Page 61: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SPHENOID BONE

ca

http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf

Page 62: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SPHENOID BONE (OS SPHENOIDALE)

PROCESSUS PTERYGOIDEUS (pterygoid process):

- arises laterally from the rostral end of the basisphenoid

- projects downwards, forwards

- unites with the perpendicular plate of the palatine bone

- make up the margin of choanae

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-11.html

The choanae (internal nostrils) of a cat, indicated by the dashed lines and bounded by the vomer (blue gray) and the palatine bone (orange)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choana

Page 63: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SPHENOID BONE (OS SPHENOIDALE)

PROCESSUS PTERYGOIDEUS:

Hamulus pterygoideus:

- hook – like process at the rostroventral end of the pterygoid process

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-11.html

http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf

Page 65: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SPHENOID BONE

(OS SPHENOIDALE)

PROCESSUS PTERYGOIDEUS:

1. CANALIS ALARIS in ca:

A. exit FORAMEN ALARE ROSTRALE (orale)

B. entrance FORAMEN ALARE CAUDALE (aborale)

ca

https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari

Foramina ethmoidalia

1.

2.

3.

4.

1. For. opticum

2. Fissura orbitalis

3. For. rotundum + For. alare rostrale

4. For. alare caudale

Page 66: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SPHENOID BONE

(OS SPHENOIDALE)

PROCESSUS PTERYGOIDEUS:

1. CANALIS ALARIS in eq:

A. exit FORAMEN ALARE ROSTRALE (orale)

B. entrance FORAMEN ALARE CAUDALE (aborale)

C. FORAMEN ALARE PARVUM

eq

https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari

1.

2.

For. alare parvum

3.

4. For. alare

caudale

1. For. ethmoidale 2. For. opticum 3. Fissura orbitalis 4. For. alare rostrale

Crista pterygoidea

http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf

Page 67: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SPHENOID BONE (OS SPHENOIDALE)

PROCESSUS PTERYGOIDEUS:

2. CRISTA PTERYGOIDEA

- absent in ca

- crest continuing the proc. pterygoideus dorsally

- border of the fossa pterygopalatina

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-5.html

http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf

Page 68: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SPHENOID BONE

(OS SPHENOIDALE)

PROCESSUS PTERYGOIDEUS:

3. CANALIS PTERYGOIDEUS:

- longitudinal canal

- through the base of the proc. pterygoideus

eq

Sulcus nervi canali pterygoidei

Opening of the canalis

pterygoideus

Page 69: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

SPHENOID BONE

(OS SPHENOIDALE)

PROCESSUS PTERYGOIDEUS:

4. SULCUS NERVI CANALI PTERYGOIDEI:

- caudal continuation of the canalis pterygoideus

eq

Sulcus nervi canali pterygoidei

Opening of the canalis

pterygoideus

Sulcus nervi canali pterygoidei

Opening of the canalis pterygoideus

Page 70: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

INTERPARIETAL BONE (OS INTERPARIETALE)

- lies in the median plane

- rostral to the occipital bone

Interparietal bone

https://slideplayer.com/slide/5184921/

Page 71: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

INTERPARIETAL BONE (OS INTERPARIETALE)

- in ox the frontal bone enlarges postnataly

– the interparietal bone become displaced into the nuchal region

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-8.html

Os interparietale

Page 72: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

INTERPARIETAL BONE (OS INTERPARIETALE)

INNER SURFACE presents:

1. PROCESSUS TENTORICUS:

- in eq, ca

- forms the tentorium cerebelli osseum

http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf

Page 73: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

INTERPARIETAL BONE (OS INTERPARIETALE)

INNER SURFACE presents:

2. CANALIS SINUS TRANSVERSI:

http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf

Page 74: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

INTERPARIETAL BONE (OS INTERPARIETALE)

INNER SURFACE presents:

3. CRISTA SAGITTALIS INTERNA

4. SINUS FRONTALIS CAUDALIS:

- in bo

- septum sinuum frontalium

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-9.html

Septum sinuum frontalium

Crista sagittalis interna

Sinus frontalis caudalis

Page 75: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

INTERPARIETAL BONE

(OS INTERPARIETALE)

OUTER SURFACE presents:

1. CRISTA SAGITALIS EXTERNA

- in eq, Car

- median crest on the external surface

https://slideplayer.com/slide/5800499/

Page 76: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

INTERPARIETAL BONE (OS INTERPARIETALE)

OUTER SURFACE presents:

2. LINEA TEMPORALIS (temporal line):

- in Car, eq

Crista

sagittalis

extrena

Linea

temporalis

https://slideplayer.com/slide/5800499/

Page 77: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

PARIETAL BONE (OS PARIETALE)

- paired bone

- lie between the occipital and frontal bones

- form the roof and the sides of the cranium

- in ox form the part of the nuchal surface

- margo interparietalis encloses the parietal bone

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-2.html

Page 78: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

PARIETAL BONE

(OS PARIETALE)

presents:

1. Angulus frontalis

2. Angulus occipitalis

3. Angulus sphenoidalis

4. Angulus mastoideus

5. Facies externa

6. Facies interna

Page 79: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

PARIETAL BONE (OS RPARIETALE)

FACIES EXTERNA divides into:

1. PLANUM PARIETALE:

– on the roof of the cranium

- in ox called as planum nuchale

2. PLANUM TEMPORALE:

– on the sides

https://slideplayer.com/slide/3991354/

https://slideplayer.com/slide/5800499/

Planum parietale

Planum temporale

Page 80: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

PARIETAL BONE (OS RPARIETALE)

FACIES EXTERNA divides into:

3. LINEA TEMPORALIS (temporal line):

- separates the planum parietale and temporale

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-2.html

Page 81: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

PARIETAL BONE (OS RPARIETALE)

FACIES EXTERNA

4. CRISTA SAGITTALIS EXTERNA:

- in eq, ca.

- extends from the interparietal bone

- divides into the lineae temporales on the frontal bone in ca

- divides into the lineae temporales on the parietal bone in eq

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-2.html

Page 82: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

PARIETAL BONE (OS RPARIETALE)

FACIES EXTERNA:

5. SINUS FRONTALIS CAUDALIS

- in bo

- Septum sinuum frontalium

Septum sinuum frontalium

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-9.html

http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf

Page 83: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

PARIETAL BONE

(OS PARIETALE)

FACIES INTERNA:

1. SULCI ARTERIOSI:

- vascular grooves

Sulci

arteriosi

http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf

Page 84: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

PARIETAL BONE

(OS PARIETALE)

FACIES INTERNA:

2. IMPRESSIONES DIGITATAE:

- house the gyruses of brain

3. JUGA CEREBRALIA

Impressiones digitatae

Juga cerebralia

Page 85: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

PARIETAL BONE (OS PARIETALE)

FACIES INTERNA:

4. CRISTA SAGITTALIS INTERNA:

- in eq

- inconstant

Page 86: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

PARIETAL BONE (OS PARIETALE)

FACIES INTERNA:

5. PROCESSUS TENTORICUS:

- in eq, ca

- forms the tentorium cerebelli osseum

inner

surface

of the

parietal bone

Proc. tentoricus

Tentorium cerebelli osseum

Page 87: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TENTORIUM CEREBELLI

OSSEUM

formed by the processus tentoricus of the:

1. os parietale

2. os interparietale

3. os occipitale

- in eq, ca

- attachament of tentorium cerebelli

12. Tentorium cerebelli osseum https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tentorium_cerebelli

https://www.reddit.com/r/ThingsCutInHalfPorn/comments/bejyvo/hemisected_horse_head_used_as_teaching_aid_in_a/

Tentorium

cerebelli

Tentorium cerebelli

osseum

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Sagittally-bisected-head-and-anterior-neck-of-a-horse-The-first-four-cervical-vertebrae_fig20_258351326

inner

surface

of the

parietal bone Proc.

tentoricus

Tentorium cerebelli osseum

Page 88: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE)

- two frontal bones

- meet at the sutura interfrontalis

parts of the frontal bone:

1. SQUAMA FRONTALIS:

a) PARS ORBITALIS – forms the bony orbit

b) PARS NASALIS

- the two parts unite to form the squama

- participates in the formation of cranial roof

2. FACIES TEMPORALIS – lateral surface

https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari

Page 89: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE)

SINUS FRONTALIS:

- each frontal bone contains one sinus in eq.

- each frontal bone contains more sinus in ca, bo

- Septum sinuum frontalium

- Aperturae sinuum frontalium

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-9.html

Page 90: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE)

PROTUBERANTIA INTERCORNUALES (intercornual protuberance):

- in ox during the postnatal development of the frontal sinus the frontal bones are displaced backwards –

the frontal bone become continous with the nuchal surface

- lies between the cornual process

https://slideplayer.com/slide/4698130/

A. Intercornual protuberance

B. Temporal line

C. Temporal fossa

D. Facial Tuberosity

https://www.memorangapp.com/flashcards/137526/Anatomy+2+Exam+1/

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-10.html

Page 91: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE)

SQUAMA FRONTALIS:

1. PROCESSUS ZYGOMATICUS:

- projects laterally

- in Ru unites with the frontal process of the zygomatic bone

- in eq unites with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

Proc.

frontalis

ossis

zygomatici

http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf

Page 92: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE)

SQUAMA FRONTALIS:

2. FOSSA GLANDULARES:

- in eq, bo

- on the orbital surface of the processus zygomazticus

- houses the lacriamal gland

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Lateral-view-of-Skull-of-blackbuck-showing-Facial-tuberosity-to-infraorbital-canal-A_fig4_322241290

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/horse-owners/eye-disorders-of-horses/eye-structure-and-function-in-horses

Page 93: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE)

SQUAMA FRONTALIS:

PROCESSUS ZYGOMATICUS ossis frontalis:

- participates into the formation of the MARGO SUPRAORBITALIS

MARGO SUPRAORBITALIS:

- forms the upper margin of the orbit

http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf

Page 94: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

FRONTAL BONE

(OS FRONTALE)

SQUAMA FRONTALIS:

FORAMEN SUPRAORBITALE:

- in eq

Page 95: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE)

SQUAMA FRONTALIS:

CANALIS SUPRAORBITALIS:

- in bo

- supraorbital foramen = entrance of the canal

- double in ox

- continues by the sulcus supraorbitalis (supraorbital groove)

Canalis supraorbitalis

Page 96: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE)

SQUAMA FRONTALIS:

LIGAMENTUM ORBITALE:

- in ca

- forms the upper margin of the orbit

- below the ligament lies the fossa lacrimalis

Page 97: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE)

SQUAMA FRONTALIS:

LINEA TEMPORALIS:

- lies at the junction of the squamous part and the temporal surface

- in eq, ca continous as the crista sagittalis ext.

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-2.html

Page 98: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE)

SQUAMA FRONTALIS:

PROCESSUS CORNUALIS (cornual process):

- in horned ruminants

- at the caudal end of the squama on either side

- form the bony basis of the horns

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-9.html

Page 99: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE) PARS ORBITALIS:

- forms the medial wall of the orbit

1 Processus zygomaticus frontalis , 2 Foramina ethmoidalia,

3 Canalis opticus, 4 Fissura orbitalis,

5 Fossa sacci lacrimalis, 6 Foramen sphenopalatinum,

7 Foramen palatinum caudale, 8 Foramen maxillare,

9 Processus frontalis of zygomatic bone, 10 Processus

coronoideus of mandibula, 11 Processus temporalis

of zygomatic bone, 12 Processus zygomaticus temporalis,

13 Foramen alare rostrale, UK mandibula, Fpp Fossa pterygopalatina

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orbita_hund.jpg

Page 100: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE)

PARS ORBITALIS:

FOVEA TROCHLEARIS:

- medial to the origin of the zygomatic process

- accomodates the trochlear cartilage of the m. obligquus dorsalis

http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf

Page 101: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE)

PARS ORBITALIS:

FORAMINA ETHMOIDALIA:

- in ca

FORAMEN ETHMOIDALE:

- in other species

ca

https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari

Foramina ethmoidalia

1. 2.

3.

4.

1. For. opticum

2. Fissura orbitalis

3. For. rotundum + For. alare rostrale

4. For. alare caudale

1.

2.

For. alare parvum

3.

4. For. alare

caudale

1. For. ethmoidale 2. For. opticum 3. Fissura orbitalis 4. For. alare rostrale

Crista pterygoidea

eq

Page 102: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

FRONTAL BONE (OS FRONTALE)

PARS TEMPORALIS:

CRISTA ORBITOTEMPORALIS

https://www.tankonyvtar.hu/hu/tartalom/tkt/haziallatok/ch02.html

Page 103: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

ETHMOID BONE (OS ETHMOIDALE)

- lies deep within the skull

- lies between the two orbits and the caudal part of the nasal cavity

- resembles a horizontally placed tube

- the wall of the tube is the lamina externa

LAMINA EXTERNA comprises:

1. LAMINA TECTORIA – faces the forehead

2. LAMINA ORBITALIS

3. LAMINA BASALIS – forms the floor

https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari

https://slideplayer.com/slide/5184921/

Page 104: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

ETHMOID BONE

(OS ETHMOIDALE)

LAMINA CRIBROSA:

- lies transversely

- separates the nasal cavity from the cranial cavity

- perforated lamina

- perforations allow passage of the olfactory fibers (fila olfactoria) into the bulbus olfactorius

http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf

Page 105: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

ETHMOID BONE (OS ETHMOIDALE)

LAMINA PERPENDICULARIS:

https://slideplayer.com/slide/5184921/

Lamina perpen- dicularis

bo

Page 106: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

ETHMOID BONE (OS ETHMOIDALE)

LAMINA PERPENDICULARIS:

- a median septum

- divides the nasal cavity into two

- part of the septum nasi osseum

- forms the crista galli

https://slideplayer.com/slide/5184921/

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Pteropus-livingstonii-AMNH-274466-caudal-view-of-the-frontoethmoidal-complex-showing-the_fig1_213771160

Page 108: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

ETHMOID BONE

(OS ETHMOIDALE)

LABIRINTHUS ETHMOIDALIS:

ETHMOTURBINATES:

- project from the tectorial and orbital plates into the interior

- each ethmoturbinate united to the outer walls and behind to the cribriform plate by its basal plate

- the basal lamellae project into the interior of the ethmoid – they form spiral lamellae

- if the spiral lamellae double the upper lamella coils in a dorsal direction

- in ca the spiral lamellae have longitudinal folds – give rise secondary lamellae

Page 109: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

ETHMOID BONE

(OS ETHMOIDALE)

LABIRINTHUS ETHMOIDALIS:

ETHMOTURBINATES:

- arranged in two rows (three in eq)

1. ENDOTURBINATES:

- the larger ones

- extend far into the interior

Page 110: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

ETHMOID BONE

(OS ETHMOIDALE)

LABIRINTHUS ETHMOIDALIS:

2. ECTOTURBINATES:

- smaller ones

- remain externally

- in eq form a double row

- in other animals they arranged in a single row

Transverse frozen section of the nasal cavity. D, dorsal nasal concha. Ectoturbinates are

identified by Arabic numerals (1–5) and endoturbinates by roman numerals (I–IV). Scale bar: 2

cm (see Figure S3). https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Transverse-frozen-section-of-the-nasal-cavity-D-dorsal-nasal-concha-Ectoturbinates-are_fig3_266950471

Fig. 3. Lateral (A, B) and medial (C, D) views of the endoturbinates (I–IV) (A, C)

and ectoturbinates (B, D) of the adult sheep, after extraction from the nasal

cavity. VNC, ventral nasal concha. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.]

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-nasal-cavity-of-the-sheep-and-its-olfactory-Barrios-Quinteiro/1584b23ad90368057e9e99018fbe40a98b0fc359/figure/3

Fig. 2. Medial views of the turbinate complex (A) and the nasal septum DNC, dorsal

nasal concha; EnT, endoturbinates; MNC, middle nasal concha; and VNC, ventral nasal concha.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-nasal-cavity-of-the-sheep-and-its-olfactory-Barrios-Quinteiro/1584b23ad90368057e9e99018fbe40a98b0fc359/figure/2

Page 111: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

ETHMOID BONE

(OS ETHMOIDALE) LABIRINTHUS ETHMOIDALIS:

THE NUMBER OF ENDO – and ECTOTURBINATES on each side:

1. in dog 4+6

2. in Ru 4+18

3. in eq 6+25

Fig. 4. Transverse sections of the decalcified nasal cavity of

an adult sheep, from posterior (A) to anterior (D) levels,

showing the topography and arrangement of the

endoturbinates (in red, I–IV) and ectoturbinates. [Color figure

can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.]

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-nasal-cavity-of-the-sheep-and-its-olfactory-Barrios-Quinteiro/1584b23ad90368057e9e99018fbe40a98b0fc359/figure/4

https://hu.pinterest.com/pin/20618110779708550/

https://slideplayer.com/slide/3468364/

Page 112: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

ETHMOID BONE

(OS ETHMOIDALE)

LABIRINTHUS ETHMOIDALIS:

ENDOTURBINATE I.:

- the most dorsal

- the largest

- protrudes forwards into the nasal cavity beyond the wall of the ethmoid

- attaches to the ethmoid crest of the nasal bone

- forms the bony base of the concha nasalis dorsalis

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab20/Img20-2.html

Page 113: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

ETHMOID BONE

(OS ETHMOIDALE)

LABIRINTHUS ETHMOIDALIS:

ENDOTURBINATE II.:

- second in position and size

- forms the basis of the concha nasalis media

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab20/Img20-15.html

1 : Concha nasalis dorsalis

2 : Concha nasalis media

3 : Concha nasalis ventralis

https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nasal_concha

https://slideplayer.com/slide/6096396/

Page 114: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

ETHMOID BONE

(OS ETHMOIDALE)

LABIRINTHUS ETHMOIDALIS:

ECTOTURBINATES:

- more lateral in position

- can be seen from the interior once the endoturbinates removed

https://slideplayer.com/slide/3468364/

Page 116: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE

(OS TEMPORALE)

- forms the lower part of the lateral wall of the skull

formed by the fusion of:

1. PARS SQUAMOSA

2. PARS PETROSA, PORCESSUS MASTOIDEUS

3. PARS TYMPANICA

https://slideplayer.com/slide/5184921/ https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari

Page 117: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)

PARS PETROSA (petrous part) and PARS TYMPANICA (tympanic part):

- enclose the inner and the middle ear

- at the base of the skull these part releated to the basal part of the occipital bone

- in ca sutura occipitotympanica – the two bones unite at this suture

- in others fissura petrooccipitalis – seprates the two bones

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Cross-section-through-the-head-of-a-domestic-dog-Canis-familiaris-showing-structures-of_fig4_275466956

Page 119: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)

PARS SQUAMOSA (SQUAMA TEMPORALIS):

a. FACEIS CEREBRALIS presents:

1. SULCI ARTERIOSI ET VENOSI

2. IMPRESSIONES DIGITATAE

3. JUGA CEREBRALIS

4. CRISTA TENTORICA – in small Ru

Page 120: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE

(OS TEMPORALE)

PARS SQUAMOSA (SQUAMA TEMPORALIS):

b. FACIES TEMPORALIS presents:

1. PROCESSUS ZYGOMATICUS

- laterally and rostrally

- forms the ARCUS ZYGOMATICUS with the temporal process of the zygomatic bone

Proc. temporalis ossis zygomatici

https://animaldiversity.org/collections/contributors/anatomical_images/dog_skull/dog_lateral/

Page 121: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE

(OS TEMPORALE)

PARS SQUAMOSA (SQUAMA TEMPORALIS):

b. FACIES TEMPORALIS presents:

1. PROCESSUS ZYGOMATICUS

- FACIES ARTICULARIS for the mandibular joint on the ventral surface

https://www.doctorramey.com/tmj-disease-is-rare-in-horses/

http://sporthorses.vet/blog/2018/05/09/enfermedad-articulacion-temporomandibular-tmj-2/

http://sreesanjeevini.com/temporomandibular-joint/

Ventromedial view of the left temporomandibular joint: bones references and articular disc

position. 1 = Occipital condyle; 2 = paracondilar process; 3 = basilar portion of the occipital

bone; 4 = foramen lacerum; 5 = temporal bone (tympanic and petrous portion); 6 = articular

disc; 7 = dorsal synovial pouch; 8 = caudal compartment of the dorsal synovial pouch; 9 =

mandibular condyle; 10 = mandibular branch.

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Ventromedial-view-of-the-left-temporomandibular-joint-bones-references-and-articular_fig3_7242952

Page 122: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE

(OS TEMPORALE)

PARS SQUAMOSA (SQUAMA TEMPORALIS):

b. FACIES TEMPORALIS presents:

2. TUBERCULUM ARTICULARE (articular tuberosity):

- forms the mandibular joint in front

- rostral to the fossa articularis

https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari

Page 123: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)

PARS SQUAMOSA (SQUAMA TEMPORALIS):

b. FACIES TEMPORALIS presents:

3. FOSSA MANDIBULARIS:

- forms the mandibular joint

- for the condyle of mandible

- Facies articularis

Page 124: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)

PARS SQUAMOSA (SQUAMA TEMPORALIS):

b. FACIES TEMPORALIS presents:

4. PROCESSUS RETROARTICULARIS:

- behind the fossa mandibularis

Proc. retroarticularis

Page 127: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)

PARS SQUAMOSA (SQUAMA TEMPORALIS):

b. FACIES TEMPORALIS presents:

5. PROCESSUS OCCIPITALIS:

- on its outer surface runs the CRISTA TEMPORALIS

https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari

Page 128: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE

(OS TEMPORALE)

PARS SQUAMOSA (SQUAMA TEMPORALIS):

b. FACIES TEMPORALIS presents:

6. PROCESSUS RETROTYMPANICUS:

- surrounds the external auditory meatus caudally

https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari

Page 129: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)

PARS SQUAMOSA (SQUAMA TEMPORALIS):

b. FACIES TEMPORALIS presents:

7. MEATUS TEMPORALIS:

- formed by the parietal bone and the porc. occipitalis

- contains veins from the dorsal sinus of the dura mater

Page 130: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)

PARS SQUAMOSA (SQUAMA TEMPORALIS):

b. FACIES TEMPORALIS presents:

FOSSA TEMPORALIS (temporal fossa):

- area surrounded by linea temporalis

https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari

Page 132: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE

(OS TEMPORALE)

PARS PETROSA (PETROSUM):

a. INNER SURFACE (FACIES MEDIALIS):

1. PORUS ACUSTICUS INTERNUS:

a. AREA N. FACIALIS – entrance of the facial canal

b. AREA COCHLEA – for the passage of the cochlear branches of the n. vestibulocochlearis

c. AREA VESTIBULARIS SUPERIOR (dorsalis)

d. AREA VESTIBULARIS INFERIOR (ventralis) - for the passage of the vestibular branches of the vestibulocochlear nerve

https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari

https://slideplayer.hu/slide/13758882/

Page 133: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE

(OS TEMPORALE)

PARS PETROSA (PETROSUM):

b. FACIES VENTRALIS:

- forms the lower part of the medial wall of the tympanic cavity of the middle ear

presents:

a) PROMONTORIUM

b) FENESTRA VESTIBULI (OVALIS)

c) FENESTRA COCHLEAE (ROTUNDUM)

FIG. 20-1 Major regions of the ear.A, Cross-section, head through the right ear, rostral surface, dog.

External (E), middle (M), and inner (I) ear are illustrated. The tympanic membrane has been removed in

this section. The external ear consists of the auricle and external acoustic meatus; the middle ear consists

of the ossicles, tympanic cavity, and bulla; and the inner ear consists of the cochlea and semicircular

canals. B, Schematic diagram depicting a cross-section through the external, middle, and inner ear of a dog. (A courtesy Dr. B.L. Njaa, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University.)

https://veteriankey.com/the-ear-and-eye/

https://eref.thieme.de/cockpits/clAna0001/0/coAna00079/4-9962

Page 135: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE

(OS TEMPORALE)

PARS PETROSA (PETROSUM):

PROCESSUS STYLOIDEUS:

- in eq, bo

- provides attachament for the hyoid bone

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-12.html http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf

http://vanat.ahc.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab20/Img20-8.html

Page 136: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE

(OS TEMPORALE)

PARS PETROSA (PETROSUM):

PROCESSUS STYLOIDEUS:

bo

Proc. styloideus

eq

Proc. mastoideus

Proc. retro-

tympanicus

Proc. muscularis

Proc. retro.-

articularis

Proc. styloideus

Proc. styloideus

Foramen ovale

Foramen stylomastoideum

Page 139: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE

(OS TEMPORALE)

PARS TYMPANICA (TYMPANICUM):

1. BULLA TYMPANICA (tympanic bulla):

- encloses the lower region of the CAVUM TYMPANI

- part of the midde ear

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-12.html

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-4.html

Page 141: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)

PARS TYMPANICA: (TYMPANICUM):

2. BONY MEATUS ACUSTICUS EXTERNA:

- extends laterally from the upper part of the tympanic bulla

- ends at the PORUS MEATUS ACCUSTICUS EXTERNUS

Page 142: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)

PARS TYMPANICA: (TYMPANICUM):

3. VAGINA PROCESSUS STYLOIDEI:

- in eq, bo

- surrounds the proc. styloideus

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-13.html

bo

Vagina proc. styloideus

Page 143: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE

(OS TEMPORALE)

PARS TYMPANICA: (TYMPANICUM):

4. PROCESSUS MUSCULARIS:

- projects from the mediorostral wall of the bulla tympanica

- in ca insignificant, taking the form of a very short thorn

- in small Ru, eq – long rod

- in ox – the base is broad

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-5.html

Page 145: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE

(OS TEMPORALE)

PARS TYMPANICA (TYMPANICUM):

6. PARS OSSEA TUBAE AUDITIVAE:

- lies medial to the muscular process

- connection between the tympanic cavity and nasopharynx

entral view of the caudal half of the canine skull (mandible removed). The auditory tube originates

from the dorsolateral wall of the bulla (inset), just rostral to the tensor tympani muscle attachment, as

the musculotubal canal. The distal end opens rostrally on the dorsolateral wall of the nasopharynx,

just medial to the ipsilateral pterygoid process, or hamulus.

(Photos by Phil Snow, UTCVM) © 2012 The University of Tennessee.

https://wiley-vch.e-bookshelf.de/products/reading-epub/product-id/650285...

Page 146: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)

PARS TYMPANICA (TYMPANICUM):

CANALIS MUSCULOTUBARIUS:

a. Semicanalis tubae auditivae – for tuba auditiva into the tympanic canal

b. Semicanalis m. tensor tympani – for m. tensor tympani

c. Septum canalis musculotubarii

Page 148: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)

PARS TYMPANIC (TYMPANICUM):

FOSSA CEREBELLARIS:

- depression dorsal to the meatus accusticus internus

- for cerebellum

FOSSA SUBARCUATA:

- in Car

- deep depression to the porus accusticus internus

https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5:Temporal_bone1.jpg

Page 149: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)

PARS TYMPANICA (TYMPANICUM):

CAVUM TYMPANI (tympanic cavity):

- in the middle ear

comprises:

1. A CENTRAL CAVITY (MESOTYMPANICUM)

2. RECESSUS EPITYMPANICUS (EPITYMPANICUM)

3. BULLA TYMPANICA (HYPOTYMPANICUM)

http://www.jaypeedigital.com/Chapter/IndexXML?Chapid=99779&sno=9999&ChapNo=99779&isbn=9789351524526&N=-1&B=-1

Page 150: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE

(OS TEMPORALE)

PARS TYMPANICA (TYMPANICUM):

CAVUM TYMPANI (tympanic cavity):

1. A CENTRAL CAVITY (MESOTYMPANICUM):

- its lateral wall bears the anulus tympanicus (tympanic ring)

- anulus tympanicus accomodates the membrana tympanica

http://www.jaypeedigital.com/Chapter/IndexXML?Chapid=99779&sno=9999&ChapNo=99779&isbn=9789351524526&N=-1&B=-1

Page 151: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)

PARS TYMPANICA (TYMPANICUM):

CAVUM TYMPANI (tympanic cavity):

2. RECESSUS EPITYMPANICUS (EPITYMPANICUM):

lodges the:

a. Malleus

b. Incus

c. Stapes

d. Lenticula bone

https://slideplayer.org/slide/5395350/

Page 152: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE

(OS TEMPORALE)

PARS TYMPANICA (TYMPANICUM):

CAVUM TYMPANI (tympanic cavity):

BULLA TYMPANICA (HYPOTYMPANICUM):

- in ca divides into Cellulae tympanicae

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-4.html

http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-12.html

http://www.deepseanews.com/2016/02/do-baby-dolphins-hear-their-parents

Page 153: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

TEMPORAL BONE (OS TEMPORALE)

PARS TYMPANICA (TYMPANICUM):

AQUEDUCTUS VESTIBULI:

- canal for the ductus endolymphaticus

- Apertura externa aqueductus vestibuli

CANALICULUS COCHLEAE:

- canal for the ductus perilymphaticus

- Apertura externa canalis cochleae

https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5:Temporal_bone1.jpg

Page 154: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Page 155: NEUROCRANIUM · 2019-10-23 · SHAPE OF THE SKULL -differs from species to species -the viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) is larger than the neurocranium a. NEUROCRANIUM: forms a

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

1. R. Nickel, A. Shummer, E. Steiferle: Lehrbuch der Anatomie der Haustiere Band III., 2.

Auflage

2. Klaus-Dieter Budras, Patrick H. McCarthy , Wolfgang Fricke : Renate Richter Anatomy of the

Dog, 5th revised Edition

3. Klaus-Dieter Budras , W.O.Sack, Sabine Röck : Anatomy of the Horse 5th revised Edition

4. Klaus – Dieter Budras, Rober E. Habel: Bovine Anatomy, 1st Edition

5. Miller’s Anatomy of the dog, 4th Edition

6. König – Liebich: Anatomie der Haussäugetiere, 4. Auflage

7. König – Liebich: Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals, 4th Edition

8. Saunders W.B: Veterinary Anatomy Flash Cards, 2nd Revised edition