MODULE INETWORKING CONCEPTS

CLASSIFICATION OF NETWORKS2 primary categories determined by size

LANWAN

LANUsually privately ownedLinks the device in a single office,building

or campusLAN size limited to few kilometersDesigned to allow resources to be shared

between personal computers or work stations

The resources can be h/w(eg:printer),s/w or data

LANEg of LAN found in many bussiness

environment links a work group of task related computers

Eg. Engineering workstations or accounting PCOne computer may give large capacity disk

drive and may become server to clients/w are saved in this server and used by whole

group Here size of LAN is determined by licensing

restrictions on no of users licensed to access the OS

LANLAN are distinguished from other type of

n/w by their transmission media and topology

Common LAN topologies are Bus,Ring,Star

Earlier LAN have data rates of 4 to 16 Mbps

Today it ranges from 100 to 1000 Mbps

Figure 1.10 An isolated IAN connecting 12 computers to a hub in a closet

WAN

WAN

WAN

WANProvides long distance transmission of

data,image,audio& video information over large geographic area that may be a country,continent,or whole world

A WAN can be as simple as a dial up line that connect a home computer to internet.this is point to point WAN

WANs: a switched WAN v. a point-to-point WAN

MANn/w with a size b/w LAN and WANCovers an area inside a town or cityEg.cable TV n/w for TV transmission but

today can also be used for high speed data connection to internet

Interconnection of Networks: InternetworkWhen two or more networks are connected,

they become an internetwork, or internet

Metropolitan Area NetworksA metropolitan area network (MAN) is a

network with a size between a LAN and a WAN.

It normally covers the area inside a town or a city. It is designed for customers who need a high-speed connectivity, normally to the Internet, and have endpoints spread over a city or part of city.

A good example of a MAN is the part of the telephone company network that can provide a high-speed DSL line to the customer.

THE INTERNETThe Internet is a structured, organized

system. An internet (note the lowercase letter i) is

two or more networks that can communicate with each other.

The most notable internet is called the Internet (uppercase letter I), a collaboration of more than hundreds of thousands of interconnected network.

It is made up of many wide- and local-area networks joined by connecting devices and switching stations.

ISPsInternational Internet Service ProvidersNational Internet Service ProvidersRegional Internet Service ProvidersLocal Internet Service Providers

International Internet Service Providers At the top of the hierarchy are the international service

providers that connect nations together.National Internet Service Providers The national Internet service providers are backbone

networks created and maintained by specialized companies.

Example:SprintLink, PSINet, UUNet Technology, AGIS, and internet Mel To provide connectivity between the end users, these

backbone networks are connected by complex switching stations (normally run by a third party) called network access points (NAPs).

Regional Internet Service Providers Regional internet service providers or

regional ISPs are smaller ISPs that are connected to one or more national ISPs.

Local Internet Service Providers Local Internet service providers provide

direct service to the end users. The local ISPs can be connected to regional ISPs or directly to national ISPs. Most end users are connected to the local ISPs.