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Networking Components

Prepared by Sam Chong

(Networking images) [Online image] Available www.controlanything.com 10-06-2014

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Table of contents

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Navigation …………….……………………………………………..………………………. Page 2Table of contents …………………………………………..…….………………………. Page 3Introduction to Networking Components …..………………………………… Page 4Networking Components ….……..………………………..……………………….... Page 5The Hub ……………………………………………………………………………………..... Page 6The Switch ………………………………………………………………………………..... Page 8The Router …………………………………………………………………...…………..... Page 10The Bridge …………………………………………….………………….…….………..... Page 13The Gateway …………………………………………….………………….…………..... Page 16The Firewall ……………………………………………….……………………….……..... Page 18The Wireless Access Point ………………………………………….……………..... Page 20Network Diagram …………………………………………………………………………. Page 22References ……………………………………………………………………………………. Page 23

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Introduction Networking Components

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Introduction to Networking Components:

The purpose of this presentation is to introduce the reader or attendees to the networking components. After completion of this presentation all readers or attendees will be familiar with the networking components listed in this presentation.  The readers or attendees will obtain the proper knowledge of the following networking components: Hub, Switch, Router, Bridge, Gateway, Firewall, Wireless AP. A brief description, operation, and images will be provided for the readers or attendees to gain the proper knowledge on these devices.

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Networking Components

Documentation created by: Sam Chong

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The Hub

A hub is a device that connects PCs together. In general, what is called a hub in todays market is a "dumb" device. In a hub, when one PC sends data onto the wire, the hub simply forwards the packets to all the other devices connected to it. Each device is responsible for determining which packets are destined for it and ignoring the others. Current "hubs" typically share bandwidth between all the ports. In the days of coaxial networking, hubs were often called "bridges". Because they forward every packet that they receive, they do nothing to streamline the traffic on your local network.

Price range: $ 15.00 or over depending on quality and/or specifications for home use. For small business increases exponentially.

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The Hub

Usage: HUBs can be used on old or simple manufacturing equipment that does not require specific allocation of data. Small computer networks that have no restrictions on data transfer.

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The Switch

A switch is a little smarter than a hub, in that it records the IP and MAC addresses in a table of all the devices connected to it. Thus, when a packet is put onto the wire by one device, the switch reads the destination address information to determine if the destination device is connected to it. If it is, the switch forwards the packet ONLY to the destination device, sparing the other devices connected to it from having to read and deal with the traffic (making your network more efficient). If the switch does not recognize the destination device, then the switch sends the packet to everything connected to it, thereby requiring the devices to decide for themselves whether or not the packet is for them. In general, switches provide each device connected to them with dedicated bandwidth.

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The Switch

Price range: $ 10.00 or over depending on quality and/or specifications for home use. For small business increases exponentially into thousands. Usage: Switches can be used on old or simple manufacturing equipment that requires specific allocation of data. Small computer networks that have need for restrictions on data transfer.

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The Router

A router is the "smartest" device of them all. A router records the address information of everything connected to it like a switch. But it also records the address of the next closest router in the network. (You can program this as the "default gateway.") A router reads even more of the information in the address of a packet and makes an intelligent decision about what to do with the data based on the address. For example, if a router receives an outbound packet that has a destination address that is not in it's table, it forwards the packet to the default gateway, rather than every device attached like a switch does. This is how data moves onto, and through, the Internet. Routers are also capable of looking at the source address of a data packet and making decisions based on that as well.

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The Router

This means they can tell the difference between traffic that originates on your network and traffic that comes from outside. Switches and hubs can't do that (at least in a home user's price range). This means that if a router receives an inbound packet that is addressed to something not attached to it, it simply drops it and your local network doesn't have to deal with it. A switch would forward it to all your networked devices and force them to decide whether or not is should be read. This can clog up your local network with useless traffic.

Price range: $ 10.00 or over depending on quality and/or specifications for home use. For small business increases exponentially into thousands or for big corporations close to a million US dollars. Usage: Routers can be used on medium size of manufacturing equipment that requires specific allocation of data. Medium size computer networks that have need for restrictions on data transfer.

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The Router

(Networking images) [Online image] Available www.controlanything.com 10-06-2014

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The Bridge

A bridge is a device that separates two or more network segments within one logical network (e.g. a single IP-subnet). A bridge is usually placed between two separate groups of computers that talk with each other, but not that much with the computers in the other group. A good example of this is to consider a cluster of Macintoshes and a cluster of Unix machines. Both of these groups of machines tend to be quite chatty amongst themselves, and the traffic they produce on the network causes collisions for the other machines who are trying to speak to one another. The job of the bridge is to examine the destination of the data packets one at a time and decide whether or not to pass the packets to the other side of the Ethernet segment. The result is a faster, quieter network with less collisions.

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The Bridge

The bridging code decides whether to bridge data or to drop it not by looking at the protocol type (IP, IPX, NetBEUI), but by looking at the MAC-address unique to each NIC. It's vital to understand that a bridge is neither a router nor a fire-wall. Spoken in simple term a bridge behaves like a network switch (i.e. Layer 2 Switch), making it a transparent network component (which is not absolutely true, but nearly). In addition, you can overcome hardware incompatibilities with a bridge, without leaving the address-range of your IP-net or subnet. E.g. it's possible to bridge between different physical media like 10 Base T and 100 Base TX.

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The Bridge

Price range: as low as $ 20.00 or over depending on quality and/or specifications for home use. For small business increases exponentially into thousands or for big corporations close to a million US dollars.Usage: Bridges can be used on manufacturing equipment that requires data transfers from one set of terminals to another from time to time.

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The Gateway

A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols. A network gateway can be implemented completely in software, completely in hardware, or as a combination of both. Depending on the types of protocols they support, network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model.Because a network gateway, by definition, appears at the edge of a network, related capabilities like firewalls tend to be integrated with it. On home networks, a broadband router typically serves as the network gateway although ordinary computers can also be configured to perform equivalent functions.

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The Gateway

Price range: as low as $ 30.00 or over depending on quality and/or specifications for home use. For small businesses or corporations increases exponentially into thousands.Usage: Gateway can be used on networks that requires data transfers to be more dedicated to specifics points.

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The Firewall

A firewall is a network security device that grants or rejects network access to traffic flows between an untrusted zone (e.g., the Internet) and a trusted zone (e.g., a private or corporate network). The firewall acts as the demarcation point or “traffic cop” in the network, as all communication should flow through it and it is where traffic is granted or rejected access. Firewalls enforce access controls through a positive control model, which states that only traffic defined in the firewall policy is allowed onto the network; all other traffic is denied (known as “default deny”).

Price range: $ 100.00 or over depending on quality and/or specifications for home use. For small businesses or corporations increases exponentially into thousands.

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The Firewall

Usage: Firewall can be used on small/medium/large size networks or equipment that requires data transferred to be filtered or scrutinized.

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Wireless Access Point

Wireless access points (APs or WAPs) are special-purpose communication devices on wireless local area networks (WLANs). Access points act as a central transmitter and receiver of wireless radio signals. Mainstream wireless APs support Wi-Fi and are most commonly used to support public Internet hotspots and other business networks where larger buildings and spaces need wireless coverage. Access points are small hardware devices closely resembling home broadband routers. (Home routers actually integrate an access point into the rest of the device.) AP hardware consists of radio transceivers, antennas and device firmware.Price range: $ 50.00 or over depending on quality and/or specifications for home use. For small businesses or corporations increases exponentially into hundreds and even thousands.

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Wireless Access Point

Usage: Wireless Access Points can be used on small/medium/large size networks or equipment that requires data transferred to be wirelessly.

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(Networking images) [Online image] Availablehttp://www.conceptdraw.com/samples/network-diagram 10-06-2014

References

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Broadband DSL reports website. Retrieved on October 6, 2014.

http://www.dslreports.com/faq/7307

About Technology. Retrieved on October 6, 2014.

http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/BRIDGE-STP-HOWTO/what-is-a-bridge.html

About Technology. Retrieved on October 6, 2014.

http://compnetworking.about.com/od/networkdesign/g/network-gateway.htm

About Technology. Retrieved on October 6, 2014.

http://compnetworking.about.com/cs/wireless/g/bldef_ap.htm

PaloAlto Networks website. Retrieved on October 6, 2014.

https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/learning-center/what-is-a-firewall.html

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