networking
DESCRIPTION
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World In Need Philippines Asian Internet Bible Institute Philippine Mission Association
Community Internet Cafe 2004
Networking Guide
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What is a Network?
• consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CD-ROMs), • exchange files, or allow electronic communications. • linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams
community internet cafénetworking guide
Networking Guide
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community internet cafénetworking guide
Basic types of networks:
• Local Area Network (LAN) - lab, school, building• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) - cities, school districts• Wide Area Network (WAN) - regions, states or the world, require transoceanic cabling or satellite uplinks
Networking Guide
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Advantages
• Speed• Cost• Security• Centralized Software Management• Resource Sharing• Electronic Mail• Flexible Access• Workgroup Computing
community internet cafénetworking guide
Networking Guide
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Disadvantages
• Expensive to Install• Requires Administrative Time• File Server may Fail• Cables May Break
community internet cafénetworking guide
Networking Guide
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What is a Protocol?
• set of rules that governs the communications between computers on a network.• guidelines that regulate the characteristics of a network: access method, allowed physical topologies, types of cabling, and speed of data transfer.
community internet cafénetworking guide
Networking Guide
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Most common protocols
• Ethernet• LocalTalk• Token Ring• Fiber Distributed Data Interface(FDDI)• Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
community internet cafénetworking guide
Networking Guide
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What is a Networking Hardware?
• Includes all computers, peripherals, interface cards,• Other equipment needed to perform data-processing and communications within the network.
community internet cafénetworking guide
Networking Guide
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Network Hardwares
• File Servers• Workstations• Network Interface Cards• Connectors/Hubs• Repeaters• Bridges• Routers
community internet cafénetworking guide
Networking Guide
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What is a Network Cabling?
Cable - is the medium through which information usually moves from one network device to another.
community internet cafénetworking guide
Networking Guide
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What is a Network Cabling?
1. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable - Unshielded Twisted Pair Connector (RJ-45)2. Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable3. Coaxial Cable - Coaxial Cable Connectors (BNC)4.Fiber Optic Cable - Fiber Optic Connector (ST)5. Wireless LANs
community internet cafénetworking guide
Networking Guide
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Installing Cable – Some Guidelines1. Always use more cable than you need.
Leave plenty of slack. 2. Test every part of a network as you install it. Even if it is brand new, it may have problems that will be difficult to isolate later. 3. Stay at least 3 feet away from fluorescent light boxes and other sources of electrical interference.
community internet cafénetworking guide
Networking Guide
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community internet cafénetworking guide
4. If it is necessary to run cable across the floor, cover the cable with
cable protectors.4. Label both ends of each cable.5. Use cables ties (not tape) to keep
cables in the same location together.
Installing Cable – Some Guidelines
Networking Guide
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community internet cafénetworking guide
How to Wire a Network
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community internet cafénetworking guide
Networking Guide
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community internet cafénetworking guide
Cabling: Straight-Through
Networking Guide
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community internet cafénetworking guide
Cabling: Crossed-Over
Networking Guide
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community internet cafénetworking guide
What is a Topology?
• Refers to the configuration of cables, computers, and other peripherals.• Method used to pass information between workstations.
Networking Guide
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community internet cafénetworking guide
Main types of Physical Topologies
1. LINEAR BUS - consist of a main run of cable with
a terminator at each end. - all nodes (file server, workstations, and peripherals) are connected to the linear cable.
Networking Guide
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community internet cafénetworking guide
Advantages of a Linear Bus Topology
• Easy to connect a computer or peripheral to a linear bus. • Requires less cable length than a star topology.
Networking Guide
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community internet cafénetworking guide
Disadvantages of a Linear Bus Topology
• Entire network shuts down if there is a break in the main cable.• Terminators are required at both ends of the backbone cable.• Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shuts down.• Not meant to be used as a stand-aloneSolution in a large building
Networking Guide
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community internet cafénetworking guide
2. STAR - designed with each node (file
server, workstations, and peripherals) connected directly to a central network hub or concentrator. - data on a star network passes through the hub or concentrator before continuing to its destination.
Main types of Physical Topologies
Networking Guide
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community internet cafénetworking guide
Advantages of a Star Topology
• Easy to install and wire• No disruptions to the network then connecting or removing devices• Easy to detect faults and to remove parts.
Networking Guide
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community internet cafénetworking guide
Disadvantages of a Star Topology
• Requires more cable length than a linear topology• If the hub or concentrator fails, nodes attached are disabled.• More expensive than linear bus topologies because of the cost of the concentrators.
Networking Guide
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community internet cafénetworking guide
Main types of Physical Topologies
3. STAR-WIRED RING - externally, may appear to be the same as a STAR topology. - internally, the multistation access
unit (MAU) contains wiring that allows information to pass from one device
to another in a circle or ring.
Networking Guide
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community internet cafénetworking guide
Main types of Physical Topologies
4. TREE - combines characteristics of linear
bus and star topologies. - it consists of groups of star-
configured workstations connected to a linear bus backbone cable. - allows expansion of an existing network.
Networking Guide
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community internet cafénetworking guide
Advantages of a Tree Topology
• Point-to-point wiring for individual segments.• Supported by several hardware and software vendors.
Networking Guide
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community internet cafénetworking guide
Disadvantages of a Tree Topology
• Overall length of each segment is limited by the type of cabling used.• If the backbone line breaks, the entire segment goes down.• More difficult to configure and wire than other topologies.
Networking Guide
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community internet cafénetworking guide
Considerations When ChoosingA Topology
• Money.• Length of cable needed.• Future growth.• Cable type.
Networking Guide
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community internet cafénetworking guide
What is a Network Operating System?
There are two major types: 1. Peer-to-Peer - allow users to share resources and files located on their computers and to access shared resources found on other computers.
Networking Guide
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community internet cafénetworking guide
Advantages of Peer-to-Peer
• Less initial expense – No need for a dedicated server.• Setup – an operating system already in place may only need to be reconfigured for peer-to- peer operations.
Networking Guide
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community internet cafénetworking guide
Disadvantages of Peer-to-Peer
• Decentralized – No central repository for files and applications.• Security – Does not provide the security available on a client/server network.
Networking Guide
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community internet cafénetworking guide
2. Client/Server - allows network to centralized functions
and applications in one or more dedicated file servers. - file servers become the heart of the system, providing access to resources and providing security. - allow multiple users to simultaneously share the same resources irrespective of physical location.
What is a Network Operating System?
Networking Guide
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community internet cafénetworking guide
Advantages of Client/Server Network
• Centralized• Scalability• Flexibility• Interoperability• Accessibility
Networking Guide
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community internet cafénetworking guide
Disadvantages of Client/Server Network
• Expensive – investment in dedicated server• Maintenance – require a dedicated staff to ensure efficient operation• Dependence – when server goes down, operation will cease across the network
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Community Internet Cafe 2004