networking
TRANSCRIPT
1
Network +
An Overview of Networking
2
Networking BenefitsNetworking Enables: Information
Sharing
Hardware and Software Sharing
Centralized Administration
and Support
3
Roles of Computers in a Network Mail Server
Database Server
Database
Fax Server
File and Print Server Directory Services Server
Client Computer
File and Print Server
Database Server
Mail Server
Fax Server
Mail Server
Database Server
Database
Fax Server
File and Print Server
4
Types of NetworksPeer-to-Peer
Client-Server
5
Bus Topology
Terminator
Segment
Terminator
6
Scope of Networks
Local Area Network
Wide Area Network
7
Bus Topology
Terminator
Segment
Terminator
8
Bus Topology
Terminator
Segment
Terminator
9
Bus Topology
Terminator
Segment
Terminator
10
Bus Topology
Terminator
Segment
Terminator
11
Bus Topology
Terminator
Segment
Terminator
12
Bus Topology
Terminator
Segment
Terminator
13
Bus Topology
Terminator
Segment
Terminator
14
Bus Topology
Terminator
Segment
Terminator
15
Bus Topology
Terminator
Segment
Terminator
16
Bus Topology
Terminator
Segment
Terminator
17
Bus Topology
Terminator
Segment
Terminator
18
Star Topology
Hub
19
Ring Topology
20
Mesh Topology
21
Hybrid TopologiesStar-Bus Bus
Star-Ring
22
Ethernet
CharacteristicsCharacteristics DescriptionDescription
Access MethodAccess Method CSMA/CDCSMA/CD
Transfer SpeedTransfer SpeedStandard Ethernet – 10 MbpsFast Ethernet – 100 MbpsGigabit Ethernet – 1 Gbps (1000 Mbps)
Standard Ethernet – 10 MbpsFast Ethernet – 100 MbpsGigabit Ethernet – 1 Gbps (1000 Mbps)
Collision DetectionCarrier Sense Multiple Access
Detects signalTransmits signal Collision detected
23
Token Ring
CharacteristicsCharacteristics DescriptionDescription
Access MethodAccess Method Token passingToken passing
Transfer SpeedTransfer Speed 4 to 16 Mbps for all cable types4 to 16 Mbps for all cable types
Physical Ring
Logical Ring
MSAU
24
Fiber Distributed Data Interface
CharacteristicsCharacteristics DescriptionDescription
Access MethodAccess Method Token passingToken passing
Transfer SpeedTransfer Speed Fiber-optic at 155 Mbps to 622 MbpsFiber-optic at 155 Mbps to 622 Mbps
Primary Ring
Secondary Ring
25
Network CablesTypes of CablesTypes of Cables
Coaxial ThinNetThickNet10Base2, 10Base5
Fiber-Optics
Twisted-PairUnshielded (UTP)Shielded (STP)10BaseT
26
Wireless Communication DevicesWireless Communication DevicesWireless Communication Devices
Narrowband Radio Transmission
Infrared Transmission
27
Repeaters and HubsRepeater
Transmits data to all connected computers
HubTransmits data to all connected computers in a star topology
Repeater
Hub
28
Bridges
Bridge
29
Switches
Switch
30
Routers
RouterRouter
RouterRouter
31
Gateways
Ethernet
Token Ring
Gateway
32
Infrared Data Association (IrDA)
Wireless Communication by Using IrDA
Windows Client
Mouse
Laptop
33
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model
Application LayerApplication Layer
Presentation LayerPresentation Layer
Session LayerSession Layer
Transport LayerTransport Layer
Network LayerNetwork Layer
Data Link LayerData Link Layer
Physical LayerPhysical Layer
34
Types of Data Transmissions
BroadcastUnicast
Multicast
35
IP Address Classes
w x y z
Class A Network IDNetwork ID Host IDHost ID
Class B Network IDNetwork ID Host IDHost ID
Class C Network IDNetwork ID Host IDHost ID
36
IP Addresses
192.168.1.0192.168.1.0 192.168.3.0192.168.3.0
192.168.1.100192.168.1.100 192.168.2.101192.168.2.101
192.168.2.100192.168.2.100 192.168.3.100192.168.3.100
192.168.2.0192.168.2.0
192.168.1.100192.168.1.100IPAddress
Host IDHost ID
Network IDNetwork ID
37
Subnets
Router
Subnet 1 Subnet 2
11 22
Hub Hub
38
Addressing Guidelines
The Host ID Cannot Be All Zeros The Host ID Cannot Be All Zeros
The Host ID Cannot Be All 255s The Host ID Cannot Be All 255s
The First Number in the Network ID Cannot Be 127 The First Number in the Network ID Cannot Be 127
The Host ID Must Be Unique to the Local Network ID The Host ID Must Be Unique to the Local Network ID
39
CIDR Notation
IPAddress
Subnet Mask
Number of Subnet Mask Bits (ones)
IP Address in CIDR Notation
255 . 255 . 240 . 0 255 . 255 . 240 . 011111111 11111111 11110000 0000000011111111 11111111 11110000 00000000
10 . 217 . 123 . 7 10 . 217 . 123 . 700001010 11011001 01111011 0000011100001010 11011001 01111011 00000111
8 + 8 + 4 + 0 = 208 + 8 + 4 + 0 = 20
10.217.123.7/2010.217.123.7/20
40
The Internet
Client
Connection UsingTCP/IP Protocol
Internet
Server
Text, Audio, Video, and Graphics Data
41
Internet Services
Internet
Electronic Mail (e-mail)World Wide Web (WWW)Chat Internet NewsFile Transfer Protocol (FTP)Telnet
42
Intranets
Intranet
Extranet
Internet
43
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)URL (http://example.microsoft.com/tutorial/default.html)
– Protocol used (http://)– DNS address (example.microsoft.com)– Path on the server (/tutorial/default.html)
http://example.microsoft.com/tutorial/default.htmlhttp://example.microsoft.com/tutorial/default.html
44
Domain Naming
Domain Name (example.microsoft.com)– Top-level domain (com)– Second-level domain (microsoft.com)– Subdomain (example.microsoft.com)
comcom
example.microsoft.comexample.microsoft.com
microsoft.commicrosoft.com
45
Domain Organization
DomainDomainDomainDomain
DomainDomain
Tree
Forest
nwtraders.msft
samerica.nwtraders.msftnamerica.nwtraders.msft
DomainDomainDomainDomain
DomainDomain
Tree
46
Features of a DomainSingle User AccountSingle Logon
Centralized Management Scalability
47
Benefits of a DomainOrganized Objects
ParisParis
RepairRepairSalesSales
User1User1 Computer1Computer1 Printer1Printer1User2User2
Easy Location of Information
Streamlined Access Delegated Authority
48
Internet Protocols
Internet
HTTPHTTPSFTPSMTPNNTPHTMLDHTML
Server
Data
Client
Connection Using anInternet Protocol
49
TCP/IP Layers
Application LayerApplication Layer
Transport LayerTransport Layer
Internet LayerInternet Layer
Network Interface LayerNetwork Interface Layer
Internet LayerIPIP ICMPICMP IGMPIGMP ARPARP
Network Interface Layer
EthernetEthernetATMATM
Transport LayerUDPUDPTCPTCP
Application LayerFTPFTPHTTPHTTP
50
Network Address Translators (NATs)
Internet
192.168.0.10192.168.0.10
w1.x1.y1.z1w1.x1.y1.z1
w2.x2.y2.z2w2.x2.y2.z2
Web Browser
NAT
Web Server
51
Proxy Servers
Internet
Proxy Server
AuthorizedWeb Site
Restricted Web Site
LAN
LAN
LAN
52
Firewalls
LAN
LAN
LAN
Internet
Firewall
AuthorizedUser
Unauthorized User
53
Questions?