networked engineering design projects - phd
DESCRIPTION
Cross-boundary co-design in the Danish cleantech industry: Networked innovation with design at the centreDescription:The main goal of this research project is to describe, analyse and support collaborative product development activities, in particular inter-organisational co-design. The research approach utilises network analysis techniques with the purpose of facilitating complexity management.In this context, an important aspect is the study of the networks that describes the communication, dependencies and interactions between the team members of the project. The analysis and visualisation of these networks can be used as an enabler to improve the reflective practice of design in complex engineering environments.TRANSCRIPT
Networked Engineering Design Projects A PhD research about cross-boundary new product development in the Danish Cleantech Industry
Pedro Parraguez Ruiz Supervisor: Anja Maier
November 23rd 2012
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DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Pedro Parraguez Ruiz – 23 November 2012
Presentation Roadmap
2
Intr
oduc
tion • Background
• Objectives
• Literature and
Communities Th
eory
• Key topics
• Research Questions and Hypothesis Pr
actic
e • Research Design
• Data gathering and analysis
• Examples
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DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Pedro Parraguez Ruiz – 23 November 2012
Introduction
3
• Background
• Objectives
• Literature and Communities
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DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Pedro Parraguez Ruiz – 23 November 2012
Background
4
When and under what circumstances can people work more effectively in groups, and when alone?
How do we determine when group work is to be preferred to individual work? Is more always better?
…We must begin with an analysis of the task; then proceed to an analysis of the human beings and the technical systems… Then we must create a place for silence as well as a place for talk.
Simon, H. A. (2002). Organizing and coordinating talk and silence in organizations. Industrial and Corporate Change, 11(3), 611–618.
The business world is denoted by an increasing number of multi-team research and development (R&D) projects, however, managerial knowledge about how to run them successfully is scarce. Kratzer, J., Gemuenden, H. G., & Lettl, C. (2008). Balancing creativity and time efficiency in multi-team R & D projects: the alignment of formal and informal networks. R&D Management, 38(5), 538–549.
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Background
5
Design (and development) teams increasingly include participants from different domains who must explore and integrate their specialized knowledge in order to create innovative and competitive artifacts… Thus communication (…) has emerged as a fundamental component of the design process.
Sonnenwald, D. H. (1996). Communication roles that support collaboration during the design process. Design Studies, 17, 277–301.
There is abundant cross-sectional evidence of performance correlated with network structure… Performance improves for executives educated in the network structure of social capital. Burt, R. S., & Ronchi, D. (2007). Teaching executives to see social capital: Results from a field experiment. Social Science Research, 36(3), 1156–1183.
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DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Pedro Parraguez Ruiz – 23 November 2012
Background
6
Why networks and networked? • From systematic to systemic • Decreasing transactional costs and increasing
technical complexity
Why Danish Cleantech* Projects? • Significant R&D/NPD activity • Propensity for collaborative project generation
and association • Large number of companies and tightly packed
supply chain
*Cleantech: Firms participating in this industry develop products and services within the scope of renewable energy, environmental solutions, climate adaption and other also called sustainable, green or resource efficient technologies
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DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Pedro Parraguez Ruiz – 23 November 2012
Objectives
7
Describe, Assess and Support Networked Engineering Design Projects Through: -Improved understanding of the structure and dynamics of its underlying networks -The integration of socio-technical aspects combing ED, TIM and SNA -An emphasis on cross boundary issues -An analysis of the ways in which the network structure and dynamics drive the performance
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Literature base and communities
8
1. Engineering Design: primary contribution target Key Journal: Design Studies Key Topics: Collaborative Design, Design Activities, Co-Design
2. Technology and Innovation Management: Secondary contribution target
Key Journal: Journal of Product Innovation Management Key Topics: Innovation networks, NPD networks, Collaborative NPD 3. Social Network Analysis: Methodology and tools
Key Journal: Social Networks Key Topics: Networks structure and dynamics, ego-networks, network influence over behavior/performance
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DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Pedro Parraguez Ruiz – 23 November 2012
Theory
9
• Key topics
• Research Questions and Hypothesis
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DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Pedro Parraguez Ruiz – 23 November 2012
Design Activities
10
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DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Pedro Parraguez Ruiz – 23 November 2012
Roles and network structures
11
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DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Pedro Parraguez Ruiz – 23 November 2012
Activities + Individuals Network Graph
12
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DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Pedro Parraguez Ruiz – 23 November 2012
Research questions
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RQ1: How can cross-boundary engineering design projects be characterised utilising a network perspective? RQ2: What are the factors driving the performance of networked Engineering Design projects? RQ3: How can networked engineering design projects be assessed? RQ4: How can networked engineering design projects be better supported?
Descriptive, mainly qualitative
Descriptive, quantitative (hypothesis testing)
Prescriptive & support development
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DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Pedro Parraguez Ruiz – 23 November 2012
Reference Model
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What are the factors driving the performance of networked Engineering Design projects?
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DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Pedro Parraguez Ruiz – 23 November 2012
Hypothesis
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What are the factors driving the performance of networked Engineering Design projects?
Key hypothesis elements: Network structure • Boundaries: Area, Department,
Organisation, Activity Type • Heterogeneity: structural equivalence
between individuals, affiliation attributes • Ego-network v/s network level
connectivity: Degree centrality, betweenness centrality and densities
Performance • Efficiency: On time, On budget and On
Specification • Effectiveness: Quality and Innovativeness
Network Performance
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DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Pedro Parraguez Ruiz – 23 November 2012
Hypothesis
16
What are the factors driving the performance of networked Engineering Design projects?
Formulation Examples • The level of clustering in the network is negatively correlated with the
innovativeness of cross-boundary Eng. Design projects
• The inter-organisational density of the design activity ego-network is positively correlated with its innovativeness.
• the inter-organisational density of the activity ego-network is negatively correlated with its resource efficiency
Network Performance
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Practice
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• Research Design
• Data gathering and analysis
• Examples
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Research Design
18
Blessing, L. T. M., & Chakrabarti, A. (2009). DRM, a Design Research Methodology (p. 397). Springer.
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Research Design
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July 2013 – Dec 2013 • Focused assessment and reflection based on validated hypothesis • Use of workshops
Nov 2012 – Jun 2012 • At least three in-company case studies of two weeks observation each
Dec 2011 – Nov 2012 • Literature • Industry visits, events and meetings with industry associations • Conferences
Jan 2014 – April 2014 • Follow up and evaluation of the results of the prescriptive study to test
impact. • Larger scale self-assessment study through associations
Inputs
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DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Pedro Parraguez Ruiz – 23 November 2012
Research Design
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RQ3: How can networked engineering design projects be assessed? RQ4: How can networked engineering design projects be better supported? => Workshops and toolkit
RQ1: How can cross-boundary engineering design projects be characterised utilising a network perspective? RQ2: What are the factors driving the performance of networked Engineering Design projects? => Main academic contribution
• Further elaboration of the research impulse • Research Design • Literature review and analysis
• Follow up study and impact assessment
Results
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DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Pedro Parraguez Ruiz – 23 November 2012
Case study and data gathering
21
Key steps
Deep exploratory interview and company visit to identify case suitability and feasibility
Semi-structured interview with main entry point (typically head of R&D/Eng Design or project manager)
Structured interview with secondary entry point
Short questionnaire guided interviews to all the employees involved in the project and part of the R&D/Engineering Design area.
Follow up of the first interview to validate full list of activities and people involved
Two weeks in-company observation period to get a rich description of the company activities (through story telling, sketches and following up the project)
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DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Pedro Parraguez Ruiz – 23 November 2012
Case study and data gathering
22
Instruments & sources of information
Semi structured interview guide Lab Book
Structured interview guide
Annotated pictures
Company databases and product & Process information
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DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Pedro Parraguez Ruiz – 23 November 2012
Case study and data gathering
23
Structured interview guide
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DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Pedro Parraguez Ruiz – 23 November 2012
Case study 1:
24
• Danish Cleantech Company
• ~100 Employees
• 11 years old
• Global sales
• In-house manufacturing and R&D capabilities
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DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Pedro Parraguez Ruiz – 23 November 2012
Network examples
25
One mode social network
Add Presentation Title in Footer via ”Insert”; ”Header & Footer”
DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Pedro Parraguez Ruiz – 23 November 2012
Network examples
26
One mode activity network
Thanks! Pedro Parraguez Ruiz PhD (c) DTU Management Engineering [email protected] http://about.me/pedro.parraguez www.openinnovate.eu