Network PC ManagementSlides for RTF

March 1, 2011

2

Overview• Metered 418 computers, total (used 362 in analysis)• Computer power, one-minute intervals, tower only (no

monitors)• Two to three weeks

Participant Desktops

Non-part Desktops

Participant Laptops

Non-part Laptops

Educational 110 56 6 1

Government 28 73 2 18

Commercial 24 23 5 16

Totals 162 152 13 35

3

Definitions• Active State: computer performs useful work• Idle State: operating system and other software have

loaded, and machine is not asleep• Sleep (Standby): low-power state after inactivity or by

manual selection. • Off Mode: Power consumption is at lowest level and

cannot be switched off (influenced) by user

Used in analysis:• Active/idle state• Sleep/off mode

4

Metering by Building Type

Commercial Education Government 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Participant Buildings Non-Participant Buildings

5

DESKTOP COMPUTERS

6

Usage Groups - AllParticipant Desktops

Non-part Desktops Total

Administrative 19 48 67Computer Lab 56 46 102Drafting Lab 5 0 5Media Lab 9 0 9IT 5 2 7Advanced Office 4 6 10Standard Office 51 49 100Teacher 13 1 14Totals 162 152 314

7

Usage Groups - SummaryUsage group

Commercial Educational Government

Non-part Part Non-part Part Non-partIT 0 0 0 0 2

Computer Lab 2 2 44 68 0

Office/Admin 21 22 12 42 71

Total 23 24 56 110 73

8

Operating SystemParticipant Nonparticipant Total

Windows7 2 24 26Windows Server 2008* 8 8Windows XP 160 110 270Windows Vista 10 10

* These computers were in a computer lab at a community college

9

Spot MeasurementsParticipantsn = 162

Min Power (W)

Max Power (W)

Mean Power (W)

Standby 0.8 9.0 3.9Off 0.0 8.7 2.3

Non-Participantsn = 152

Min Power (W)

Max Power (W)

Mean Power (W)

Standby 0.8 9.2 2.7Off 0.0 9.1 1.7

10

Metered Active/Idle Power

Sample Group

Minimum Average Power

(W)

Maximum Average Power

(W)Mean Average

Power (W)Participant Desktop (n=162) 19.6 89.6 57.4

Nonparticipant Desktop (n=152) 19.7 146.1 63.2

11

Active/Idle Distribution by Part/Non-part

>10-20

>20-30

>30-40

>40-50

>50-60

>60-70

>70-80

>80-90

>90-100

>100-110

>110-120

>120-130

>130-140

>140-150

>150-160

05

101520253035404550

Participants Nonparticipants

Power (Watts)

Num

ber

of C

ompu

ters

12

Active/Idle Distribution by Sector

>10-20 >20-30 >30-40 >40-50 >50-60 >60-70 >70-80 >80-90 >90-100

>100-110

>110-120

>120-130

>130-140

>140-150

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Commercial Educational Government

Power (Watts)

Num

ber

of C

ompu

ters

13

Active/Idle State by Building Type - Weekdays

Commerc

ial Par

ticipa

nt

Commerc

ial Non

partic

ipant

Educat

ional

Partic

ipant

Educat

ional

Nonpar

ticipa

nt

Govern

ment P

articip

ant

Govern

ment N

onpar

ticipa

nt0%

10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Active/Idle Standby/Off

14

Active Computer Usage by Building Type - Weekends

Commerc

ial Par

ticipa

nt

Commerc

ial Nonp

articip

ant

Educat

ional

Partic

ipant

Educat

ional

Nonpar

ticipa

nt

Govern

ment P

articip

ant

Govern

ment N

onpar

ticipa

nt0%

10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Active/Idle Standby/Off

15

Load Shapes

0:000:030:060:090:120:150:180:210:240:270:300:330:360:390:420:450:480:510:540:571:001:031:061:091:121:151:181:211:241:271:301:331:361:391:421:451:481:511:541:572:002:032:062:092:122:152:182:212:242:272:302:332:362:392:422:452:482:512:542:573:003:033:063:093:123:153:183:213:243:273:303:333:363:393:423:453:483:513:543:574:004:034:064:094:124:154:184:214:244:274:304:334:364:394:424:454:484:514:544:575:005:035:065:095:125:155:185:215:245:275:305:335:365:395:425:455:485:515:545:576:006:036:066:096:126:156:186:216:246:276:306:336:366:396:426:456:486:516:546:577:007:037:067:097:127:157:187:217:247:277:307:337:367:397:427:457:487:517:547:578:008:038:068:098:128:158:188:218:248:278:308:338:368:398:428:458:488:518:548:579:009:039:069:099:129:159:189:219:249:279:309:339:369:399:429:459:489:519:549:5710:0010:0310:0610:0910:1210:1510:1810:2110:2410:2710:3010:3310:3610:3910:4210:4510:4810:5110:5410:5711:0011:0311:0611:0911:1211:1511:1811:2111:2411:2711:3011:3311:3611:3911:4211:4511:4811:5111:5411:5712:0012:0312:0612:0912:1212:1512:1812:2112:2412:2712:3012:3312:3612:3912:4212:4512:4812:5112:5412:5713:0013:0313:0613:0913:1213:1513:1813:2113:2413:2713:3013:3313:3613:3913:4213:4513:4813:5113:5413:5714:0014:0314:0614:0914:1214:1514:1814:2114:2414:2714:3014:3314:3614:3914:4214:4514:4814:5114:5414:5715:0015:0315:0615:0915:1215:1515:1815:2115:2415:2715:3015:3315:3615:3915:4215:4515:4815:5115:5415:5716:0016:0316:0616:0916:1216:1516:1816:2116:2416:2716:3016:3316:3616:3916:4216:4516:4816:5116:5416:5717:0017:0317:0617:0917:1217:1517:1817:2117:2417:2717:3017:3317:3617:3917:4217:4517:4817:5117:5417:5718:0018:0318:0618:0918:1218:1518:1818:2118:2418:2718:3018:3318:3618:3918:4218:4518:4818:5118:5418:5719:0019:0319:0619:0919:1219:1519:1819:2119:2419:2719:3019:3319:3619:3919:4219:4519:4819:5119:5419:5720:0020:0320:0620:0920:1220:1520:1820:2120:2420:2720:3020:3320:3620:3920:4220:4520:4820:5120:5420:5721:0021:0321:0621:0921:1221:1521:1821:2121:2421:2721:3021:3321:3621:3921:4221:4521:4821:5121:5421:5722:0022:0322:0622:0922:1222:1522:1822:2122:2422:2722:3022:3322:3622:3922:4222:4522:4822:5122:5422:5723:0023:0323:0623:0923:1223:1523:1823:2123:2423:2723:3023:3323:3623:3923:4223:4523:4823:5123:5423:570

10

20

30

40

50

60

Part_Desktop_Weekday Part_Desktop_Weekend NonPart_Desktop_Weekday NonPart_Desktop_WeekendTime

Pow

er (W

atts

)

16

Percent in Standby/Off – Weekdays and Weekends

Time PeriodNonparticipant Desktops

(n=152)Participant Desktops

(n=162)8 a.m. – 6 p.m. weekdays 34% 44%

6 p.m. – 8 a.m. weekdays 53% 78%

Saturday and Sunday 55% 85%

17

Hours by Mode

ModeAverage

Power (W)Non-part Share of Hours (conf/prec)

Participant Share of Hours (conf/prec)

OverallStandby/Off 2.0 45% (90/10) 64% (95/10)Active/Idle 60.2 55% (90/10) 36% (95/10)

18

Desktop Savings OverallNon-Participant Energy (kWh) Participant Energy (kWh) Annual

Energy Savings (kWh)

n Weekday Weekend Weekly n Weekday Weekend WeeklyAll Desktops

152 4.69 1.28 5.97 162 3.34 0.57 3.91 117

Assumptions:• Computers not in use three weeks/year for vacation/sick + one week for

holidays = in use 48 weeks/year• RTF savings for monitors: 11 kWh• Total annual workstation savings: 117 + 11 = 128 kWh

19

Desktop Savings by SectorNon-Participant Energy (kWh) Participant Energy (kWh)

Sector

n Weekday Weekend Weekly n Weekday Weekend Weekly

Annual Energy Savings (kWh)

Educational56 3.98 1.08 5.06 110 2.71 0.31 3.02 113

Government73 4.85 1.27 6.12 28 4.69 1.04 5.74 36

Commercial23 5.92 1.78 7.70 24 4.69 1.18 5.87 113

Only one government participant site; not aggressive in settings

20

Comparison to Deemed SavingsThe RTF provisionally deemed savings for desktops were 148 kWh

per workstation (computer and monitor), with 131 kWh savings per computer and 18 kWh per monitor.

Our study found savings of 117 kWh per desktop computer.

When this was added to the RTF estimate for monitors, slightly lower savings of 135 kWh per workstation resulted.

21

Measure Life• Years that a

participant keeps a desktop computer before replacing it

Response Frequency (n=22)

1-2 Years 03-4 Years 75+ Years 6As Needed 2Replace Rarely in Practice 2

No Response 5Total 22

Response Frequency (n=22)

1 year 52 years 1.53 years 6.55 Years 1Permanent 2Varies 2No Response 4Total 22

• Typical length of a software license.

22

Questions?

Kathy HileAssociateThe Cadmus GroupTel: (503) 467-7165Kathy.hile@cadmusgroup.com

Heidi OchsnerAssociateThe Cadmus GroupTel: (503) 575-4562Heidi.ochsner@cadmusgroup.com

23

LAPTOPS

24

Average Power (n=35)

Metered Active/Idle Power

Minimum Power (W)

Maximum Power (W) Mean Power (W)

Nonparticipant Laptop 18.1 39.8 24.3

Spot Measurements Standby/Off Power

Min Power (W)

Max Power (W)

Average Power (W)

Standby 0.4 5.0 2.3

Off 1.0 5.0 1.4

25

Average Active/Idle Power

0-10 >10-20 >20-30 >30-40 >40-50 >50-60 >60-700

5

10

15

20

25

Power (Watts)

Num

ber

of C

ompu

ters

26

Percent in Standby/Off – Weekdays and WeekendsTime Period Nonparticipant Laptops (n=35)8 a.m. – 6 p.m. weekdays 36%6 p.m. – 8 a.m. weekdays 56%Saturday and Sunday 58%

Time Period

Nonparticipant Laptops (n=35)

Participant Desktops (n=162) Difference

Weekdays 48% 63% 15%Saturday and Sunday 58% 85% 27%

27

Annual Energy Savings

Sample Group Weekday Weekend WeeklyAnnual Energy Usage

(kWh)

Nonparticipant Laptops 1.82 0.53 2.34 120

Participant Laptops (Estimated) 1.55 0.39 1.94 58

Annual Energy Savings 0.27 0.14 0.41 62

28

Comparison to Deemed SavingsThe RTF estimated laptop savings at 64 kWh per computer.

We estimated laptop savings at 62 kWh per computer.