network communications chapter 6 multiplexers and switching concepts
TRANSCRIPT
Network CommunicationsChapter 6
Multiplexers and Switching Concepts
Mutiplexer Application
Host C o mp uter
M ultip le xer
A
B
C
D
DC BATermina ls
Figure 6.1
4 to 1 Mux / DeMux
A
B
C
D
Inputs Output DCBA
Select lines
4*1 MUX
Figure 6.2Multiplexer
DMUX
1*4Input DCBA
AB
C
D
Select Lines
012
3
Figure 6.3Demultiplexer
TDM Multiplexer
MUX
4*1
AAA
B-B
CCC
-DD
Inputs
Output -CBA DC-A DCBA
t0t1t2
Frame #3 #2 #1
Figure 6.4
FDM (Broadcast Analog TV)
Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4 Channel 5
Channel 2
Channel 3
Channel 4
0 6Mhz
0 6Mhz
FDM Coaxial Cable50 56 62 68
Figure 6.5
Statistical Multiplexer(Packets)
SPM
AAA
-BB
CC-
DDD
Output DCA DCBA DBA
Figure 6.6
Digital Telephone System
Central OfficeCentral
Office
Digital Signal
Analog SignalAnalog Signal
Figure 6.7
Sampling - PAMPulse Amplitude Modulation
Figure 6.8
Time
Voltage
Analog Signal
Time
Voltage
Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)
Analog / Digital Conversion
011101100101010000110010000100001001101010111100110111101111
Figure 6.9
T1 (DS1)
Figure 6.10
TDM
PCM
PCM
Analog 1
Analog 2
PCM
Analog 24
1.544 Mbps Digital signalVoice Inputs
Digital
DS-0
DS-0
DS-0
DS-1
(8 bit/sample)*(24 ch/frame) = 192 bit/frameadd 1 synchronization bit/frame for 193 b/frame
Multiply by the sampling rate of 8 kHz= 1.544 Mbits/sec (64 kbit/sec each channel)
Digital Telephone Transmission
Figure 6.11: DS-1 Frame Format
Byte#1Byte#2Byte#24 Byte#231 bit
Table 6.1: US TDM Standards
A Fully Connected Network
Computer A Computer B
Computer C Computer D
Figure 6.12
Connecting Stations Through Switches
Switch 1
AB
Switch 3Switch 2
Switch 4
Figure 6.13
Circuit Switching
Figure 6.14
C
D
E
Switch 1 Switch 2
AB
1
2
Packet Switching(A Virtual Circuit)
Switch #1
Switch #3
Switch #2 Switch #4
Switch #5
Destination
Virtual Connection
CBA
Source
C
A
B
Figure 6.15