network aware energy-efficient communication protocol (naeec) for heterogeneous wireless sensor...
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NETWORK AWARE ENERGY-EFFICIENT COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL (NAEEC) FOR HETEROGENEOUS WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
A Clustering Protocol
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By : Manoj K. Garg
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Advisor : Dr. Balakrishnan Prabhakaran
Overview
Introduction Problem Statement Related Work System Model Propose NAEEC Protocol Simulation Results Our Contribution Future Work
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Homogeneous Vs Heterogeneous WSN Wireless sensor networks (WSN)
Large number of distributed sensor Nodes works in cooperation Application: Surveillance, machine failure
diagnosis, and chemical/ biological detection Homogeneous sensor networks
Sensor nodes with identical characteristics Most common characteristics: Power, Processing,
Storage and Radio capabilities Heterogeneous sensor networks
Sensor nodes with different level of common characteristics
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Motivation
Applications for Heterogeneous WSN Re-energization of sensor networks Practical constraints such as Cost Different energy or resources consumption
Sensor nodes are energy critical Small battery size Embedded batteries, difficult recharging or
changing procedures Wireless transmission costlier than local
computationMultimedia & Networking Lab
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Network Architecture
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Task Manager Node
Sink Internet &
Satellite
Sensor Field
Sensor Nodes
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Problem Statement
Direct transmission Nodes that are far away from the sink would die first
Muti-hop transmission Nodes near the sink acts as relay with very high probability Nodes near to the sink die first
TDMA technique Transmission is random Large number of sensor nodes
The clustering schemes Homogeneous clustering scheme doe snot result an
optimize solution We need to design an new clustering protocol
with the MAC layer support to save the sensor’s energy in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks
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Related Work – LEACH
LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive clustering Hierarchy) A clustering protocol for homogeneous/heterogeneous SN A probabilistic method Based on residual energy relative to the current system
energy Advantage
Distribute the cluster-head load Avoid the need for global network knowledge.
Disadvantage Doesn't guarantee that high energy/resources nodes
always be chosen as cluster-head Doesn’t control the number and even placement of
cluster-heads
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Related Work – SEP, DEEC, SWEET SEP , DEEC , SWEET
Variation of LEACH Work effectively for heterogeneous
networks None of them targets the efficient cluster-
head placement problem of LEACH Do not reduce the initial high energy
requirement and the number of dead nodes formed over time
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Related Work – other algorithms Based on two types of sensor nodes type-I and type-II. Type-II sensor nodes
More powerful . Fewer in number . Called overlay sensors.
Type-I sensor nodes Normal sensor nodes. Report to the overlay nodes.
The system model Assumes pre-estimated fraction, and position of overlay
sensor nodes. No applicable when node heterogeneity is a result of the
operation of the sensor network and not a choice of optimal network setting.
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System Model
Large number of small-sized nodes. Fraction of nodes (α) are equipped with the
additional energy . The nodes are uniquely numbered,
randomly distributed and not mobile. Nodes can control their transmission power
levels and have the capability to directly reach the sink.
Sink is not energy-limited and is located at the center of sensor networks.
The coordinates of the sink is known to every node in the network.
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System Model
The energy consumption model can be given by equation To transmit M bits across a distance dEnergy (M, d) = Et x M + Etckt x M x d2
To receive a message from a distance dEnergyrcvd = Etckt x M
Et : Transmission energy.
Etckt : Energy to run transceiver circuit
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NAEEC - Introduction
Network operates in rounds. Length application specific Distribute the node role, and further the cluster-
head role Reflect the network changes on the protocol
execution Executed in the beginning of a round to build
the initial intelligent infrastructure. Consist of phases namely setup phase,
configuration phase and execution phase. Each phase consists of a number of sub-phases
Fixed length Number of sub-phases depends on the termination
condition achieved in a phase.Multimedia & Networking Lab
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Time Line of NAEEC Protocol
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Time
Round
3-Phases
Setup Phase
Configuration
Execution
STA
CTA
ETATime Line of NAEEC
Protocol
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Types of messages
Introduction message Energy Level (EL) value Node Id
Reply message Node Id
Beacon message Time slot information
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NAEEC - Setup Phase
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Use threshold value to divide the nodes into Candidate cluster-head Non-cluster head
Candidate cluster-head: Broadcast introduction message. Receive introduction message from other
nodes. Non cluster-head:
Receive introduction message Node stores EL value.
Look for the node with highest EL value.
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NAEEC - Setup Phase continue…
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At End of Setup Phase: Division of Candidate cluster-head nodes
Cluster Heads (A): Sensor nodes directly communicating with the sink or base station.
Cluster Heads (B): Sensor nodes communicate with level (A) Cluster Heads.
Each node knows its next hop communicating node.
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NAEEC - Configuration Phase
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Cluster Heads (A): Receives the reply messages.
Cluster Heads (B): Send the reply message. Receives the reply messages.
Non Cluster Heads: Send the reply message.
At the end of Configuration phase Cluster-head knows the size of the cluster
head, and its cluster members.
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NAEEC - Execution Phase
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Cluster Heads (A): Broadcast the beacon messages.
Cluster Heads (B): Listen to receive the beacon messages. Broadcast the beacon messages.
Non Cluster Heads: Listen to receive the beacon messages.
At the end of Configuration phase Every cluster-head and non-cluster head
node knows its contention free time slot.
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Simulation Setup
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N = 300 to 800. Area of A = 400 meter
square. Etckt = 50nJ/bit Et = 100pJ/byte Message size, M =400 bytes Communication range is 30
meters Threshold energy is 6J
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Fraction of Nodes
Energy Level
α1 = 90% EL1 = 6J
α2 = 5% EL2 = 9J
α3 = 3% EL3 = 8J
α4 = 2% EL4 = 7J
Simulation Results
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Energy Requirement (E) Vs Field Area (A).
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Simulation - Continue
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Energy Requirement (E) Vs Number of Sensor Nodes (N).
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Simulation -Continue
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Number of Dead Node Formed in a Round.
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Conclusion
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Proposed an energy-efficient deterministic distributed clustering algorithm for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks.
Unlike LEACH and other heterogeneous clustering protocols, NAEEC provides: Efficient distribution of cluster-heads Reduce the energy requirement Number of dead nodes formed over time.
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Our Contribution
A distributed deterministic clustering protocol that Evaluates and compares the node
characteristics with its neighbors to decide its role in the network.
Always makes sure that the high energy nodes are chosen as cluster-heads .
Provide efficient distribution of sensor nodes. Reduces the number of dead nodes formed
over time.
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Future Work
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Designing of the MAC layer We are working on the MAC layer design
that support the execution of the NAEEC protocol.
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Appendix
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Yes
IS EL > TH
?
Start
IS EE or OO
?
IS RTS/CTS
?
Broadcast IM
No
Yes
Yes
Listen Channel
No Listen Channel
NoTry for
RTS-CTS
Listen Channel
No + Sub-
Phase Ends
Yes
Start
Is CH- A
?
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Try Again RTS-CTS
Send Reply
Yes
Try Again RTS-CTSNoIs
CH- B ?
IS EE or OO
?
IS EE or OO
?
IS RTS/CTS
?
IS RTS/CTS
?
Listen Channel Listen
Channel
Listen ChannelSend
Reply
No + Sub-
Phase Ends
No + Sub-Phase Ends
No
No
Yes
WaitNo
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Start
Is CH- A
?
Is CH- B
?
IS EE or OO ?
IS EE or OO
?
IS RTS/CTS
?
IS RTS/CTS
?
Try Again RTS-CTS
Try Again RTS-CTS
Broadcast BM
No + Sub-
Phase Ends
Listen Channel
Broadcast BM
Listen Channel No + Sub-Phase Ends
Thank you!!
Questions
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