network analysis in arcgis
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Network Analysis
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Overview
• GIS deals with the interrelated nature of geographic data
• Some data has specialized rules, parameters and restrictions on interaction
• Measurements, relationship-testing and analysis must all occur within this framework
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Overview
• Network analysis focuses on edge-node topology to represent real-life networks of information– Driving directions– Multi-modal routing– Information networks– Electricity, water, sewer, natural gas…
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Edges and Nodes
• Series of nodes connected by edges– Each edge starts or ends at a node– Each node touches at least one edge– Nodes have one or more edge connecting them
• Planar or non-planar networks– Bridges, tunnels, etc…– Need for topology enforcement
• GIS needs to know what data is part of the network and what is simply just data
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OpenStreetMap Routing
• OSM follows the same rules of edge-node networks.
• TIGER data from the Census does not differentiate between over/underpasses
• A procedure for fixing the network connectivity:– Remove the shared nodes– Without shared nodes, ways cross but don’t intersect.
• Real world example of this network topology structure.
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Network Properties
• In order for our network to function, we need the following:– Base data (our edges and nodes)– Cost to traverse the network (dist, time, other)– Restrictions on travel (one way, no left turns)– Temporal information – at a given time:• Is there a higher cost to traveling the network? • Are there additional restrictions on our use?
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Network Participation
• In ArcGIS, feature classes that participate in a network must all reside within a feature dataset – Feature datasets are only in geodatabases
• The GDB stores additional information about the network and its parts
• Types of network edges, connectivity rules, impedance, etc…
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Base Network
• The base network type within ArcGIS is the Geometric Network, enforcing edge-node topology
• Two other network types are available, the routing network and the utility network.– Routing and analysis of multimodal transportation– Analysis and management of utilities
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Routing Network Attributes
• Cost (friction, impedance)– Length of edges– Time to travel along edges– Financial cost to traverse network
• Restrictions (barriers, temporary or permanent)– One-way Streets, No Left Turn, etc…– Height/weight (vehicle class) restrictions– Temporal Restrictions (school zones, flooding)
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Network Uses
• Once our network is complete, we can perform analysis on our network– Shortest Cost Path– Network Flow– Service Areas– Routing– Connectivity analysis– Health of the network
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Network Interface in ArcGIS
• Network Analyst is an extension to the ArcGIS Core
• Extensions must be enabled to use
• Enabled in both ArcMap and ArcCatalog
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Network Analysis Toolbar
Menu Working Dataset
Analysis Panel
Create Network Feature
Select Network Feature Solve
Directions
Network Identify
Build
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Network Analysis Panel
• Creating a new Route, Service Area, etc. from the Network Analysis menu will add it to the Table of Contents
• The Network Analysis panel provides you additional access to network-derived data