nervous system
TRANSCRIPT
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*The Nervous System
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*Nervous System
*The network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body
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*Functions (Nervous System)
*Sensory Input*Gathers information from the outside world and from the inside of the body
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*Functions (Nervous System)
*Integration*Transmits information to the processing areas in the brain and spinal cord
*Processes information to determine the best response
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*Functions (Nervous System)
*Motor Output*A response to integrated stimuli
*The response activates muscles or glands
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*Smell of a fried chicken
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*Experienced Break up
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*Stimuli
*The changes that takes place in an environment
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*Neurons (Nerve Cells)*The basic functional
units of structure and functions of the nervous system
*Carry information through the nervous system in the form of nerve impulses
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*A Typical Neuron
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*Neuron Anatomy
Cell Body• Contains
the nucleus which controls all the activities of the cell
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Neuron Anatomy
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
· Extensions outside the cell body· Dendrites –
conduct impulses toward the cell body
· Axons – conduct impulses away from the cell body
Figure 7.4a
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*Types of Neurons
*Sensory (afferent) neurons*Receive initial stimuli from sense organs where most receptors are located
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*Types of Neurons
*Interneuron*Also called ‘connector’ neurons or ‘association’ neurons
*“read” impulses received from sensory neurons
*Found in spinal cord and brain
*Passes impulse to motor neurons
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*Types of Neurons
*Motor (efferent) neurons*Carry impulses from the central nervous system
*Stimulate effector cells that generates reactions
*Ex. Feel the hot temperature
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*Responding to a Stimulus
*Nerve impulse*A wave of chemical and electrical change conducted along the membrane of a neuron
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*Responding to a Stimuli
*Synapses*Synaptic Activity
*Action potentials (nerve impulses):
*Are transmitted from presynaptic neuron
*To postsynaptic neuron (or other postsynaptic cell)
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*The Structure of a Synapse
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*The Structure of
a Synapse
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*Synapses
*Neurotransmitters*Are form of chemical messengers
*Reflex*An automatic response to a stimuli
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*Divisions of the Nervous System
*Central Nervous System
*Brain and Spinal Cord
*Peripheral Nervous System
*Somatic Nervous System
*Autonomic Nervous System
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*Central Nervous System
*Brain*Encased by a bony covering called the ‘skull’
*Divided into 3 main parts
*Cerebrum
*Cerebellum
*Brain stem
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*Regions of the Brain
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*Cerebrum (Cerebral Hemisphere)
*Largest region of the brain
*Cerebral cortex: surface of the cerebrum
*Area where learning, intelligence and judgement occur
*Controls all the voluntary activities of the body
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*Diencephalon
*Located under cerebrum and cerebellum
*Links cerebrum with brain stem
* Three divisions:
*Left thalamus
*Right thalamus
*Hypothalamus
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*Diencephalon
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*The Brain Stem
*Processes information between:
*Spinal cord and cerebrum or cerebellum
*Includes:
*Midbrain
*Pons
*Medulla oblongata
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*Brain Stem*Midbrain:
*Processes sight, sound, and associated reflexes
*Maintains consciousness
*Pons:
*Connects cerebellum to brain stem
*Is involved in somatic and visceral motor control
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*Brain Stem
*Medulla oblongata:
*Connects brain to spinal cord
*Relays information
*Regulates autonomic functions:
*heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion
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*Cerebellum
*Second largest part of brain
*Coordinates repetitive body movements
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*The Brain
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Spinal Cord
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
· Located inside the backbone or the spine
· Relays nerve impulses to and from the brain
· Meninges cover the spinal cord
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*Reflexes
*Automatic responses coordinated within spinal cord
*Through interconnected sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons
*Produce simple and complex reflexes
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*Peripheral Nervous System
*is the link between the nervous system to the rest of the body
*Made up of network of nerves that extends of the CNS and connects throughout the different organs of the body
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*Peripheral Nervous System
*Consist of two types
*Somatic Nervous System
*Stimulates skeletal muscles under our conscious control
*Autonomic Nervous System
*Not under the direct of the conscious mind – involuntary
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*Division of the Autonomic Nervous
System
*Parasympathetic
*Most active under normal conditions
*Sympathetic
*Dominates in time of physical or emotional stress
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*How Neurons Work Video
Neurons How they work in the Human Brain - YouTube.flv
The Miracle in Human Brain - YouTube.flv
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*Body control and response is controlled by ______________
*The functioning unit of the nervous system is ____________
*The Nervous system is divided into two parts, the ________________ and ___________________
*The central nervous system is made up of ______________ and ___________________
*The peripheral nervous system is divided into _______________ and ____________________
*Autonomic nervous system is divided into ________________ and _________________
Nervous system
neurons
Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system
brain Spinal cord
Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system
parasympathetic sympathetic
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*Quiz
Test I Enumeration
1. Give the three different types of Neurons.
2. Give two functions of the nervous system.
3. Give the 4 important regions of the brain.
4. Give the two main parts of the nervous system.
Test II Essay
5. What is the importance of studying the nervous system?