nervous system
DESCRIPTION
Presentation for Cert 4 massage therapy students.TRANSCRIPT
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The nervous systemThe nervous system
Content by Megan McDonald
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CNSCentral Nervous System
Brain Spinal Cord
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PNSPeripheral Nervous System
Spinal Nerves
Cranial Nerves
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CNS
PNS
Afferent(Sensor
y)
Efferent(Motor)
Sense organ
Somatic(voluntar
y)
Autonomic(involunta
ry)
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
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ActivityActivityMarieb colouring bookChapter 7, Qu.2, Page 132
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Nervous system functionNervous system functionSensory – afferentIntegrative – information
processedMotor - efferent
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Nervous tissueNervous tissueNeurons – Afferent, interneurons,
efferentNeuroglia – supporting cells
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NeuronsNeuronsNerve cellInitiates, propagates and
transmits electrical signals.
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NeuronNeuron
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NeurogliaNeurogliaSupporting cell of nervous systemAstrocytes – metabolic, physical
support; brainOligodendrocytes – myelin forming;
CNSEpendymal cells – produces CSFMicroglia – repair damaged neurons;
CNSSchwann cells – myelin forming; PNS
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Activity 14.3Activity 14.3Marieb colouring bookChapter 7, Qu.7, Page 135Chapter 7, Qu.6, Page 131
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Activity 14.4Activity 14.4Purple book
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Neuron functionNeuron functionStimulus ExcitabilitySynapseAction potential
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Action PotentialAction PotentialResting state – inside cell
membrane is more –ve than outside
Depolarisation – inside membrane becomes +ve
Repolarisation – inside membrane returns to –ve.
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SynapseSynapseNeurons not connected physicallyGaps between neuronsImpulses pass over synapses via
neurotransmitters
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Reflex ArcReflex ArcRapid action without conscious
controlOccurs at spinal cord level
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Reflex ArcReflex Arc
Stimulus
Afferent neuron
Spinal cord
Efferent neuron
Muscle Contracts
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Activity 14.5Activity 14.5Marieb colouring bookChapter 7, Qu.11, Page 137
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Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous SystemBrainSpinal Cord
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CerebrumCerebrumLeft and right hemispheresHemispheres joined by corpus
callosumGyri – ridgesSulci – groovesFissures – deep groovesLobes – regions of cerebrumCerebral cortex – grey matter
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CerebrumCerebrum
Frontal Lobe
•Personality•Decision making•Co-ordination of complex movements•Speech (L) motor
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CerebrumCerebrum
Parietal Lobe
•Sensation•Proprioception•Understanding of sensation•Speech comprehension
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CerebrumCerebrum
Occipital Lobe
•Vision•Interpreting vision
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CerebrumCerebrum
Temporal Lobe
•Motivation•Emotion•Memory•Hearing
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CerebrumCerebrum
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DiencephalonDiencephalonEnclosed by cerebral
hemispheresThalamusHypothalamusEpithalamusPineal bodyChoroid plexus
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BrainstemBrainstemConnects cerebrum and
cerebellum to spinal cordMidbrainPonsMedulla oblongata
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CerebellumCerebellum“Little brain”Posterior and inferior to
cerebrumPosture and balance
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Basal NucleiBasal NucleiAKA Basal gangliaMasses of neuron cell bodiesLentiform nucleusCaudate nucleusSubstantia nigra
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Activity 14.6Activity 14.6Marieb colouring bookChapter 7, Qu.13, Page 138Chapter 7, Qu.15, Page 138Chapter 7, Qu.16, Page 139Chapter 7, Qu.17, Page 140Chapter 7, Qu.18, Page 141
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CNS ProtectionCNS ProtectionBonyMembranous (meninges)Cerebral Spinal FluidBlood brain barrier
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MeningesMeningesThree layers of tissue form
meningesDura materArachnoid materPia mater
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CSFCSFCerebrospinal FluidContained between Arachnoid
and Pia matersIn subarachnoid spaceFormed by choroid plexusContained in ventriclesNourishment
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Activity 14.7Activity 14.7Purple book
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Spinal CordSpinal CordContinuation of medulla
oblongata31 pairs of spinal nervesConducts afferent and efferent
signalsReflex arc
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PNSPNSPeripheral Nervous SystemCranial NervesSpinal Nerves
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Cranial NervesCranial Nerves12 PairsOriginate in brainPge 149
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Cranial NervesCranial NervesII Olfactory
II Optic
III Oculomotor
IV Trochlear
V Trigeminal
VI Abducens
VII Facial
VIII Vestibulocochlear
I Olfactory
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Cranial NervesCranial NervesII Olfactory
IX Glossopharyngeal
X Vagus
XI Accessory
XII Hypoglossal
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Spinal NervesSpinal Nerves
31 Pairs8 cervical12 thoracic5 sacral1 coccygeal
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Spinal PlexusSpinal Plexus
CervicalLumbosacralBrachialPreserves (some) function in case
of injury
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Somatic Nervous SystemSomatic Nervous System
Conscious controlEfferent impulses – to musclesAfferent impulses – from skin etc
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Autonomic Nervous Autonomic Nervous SystemSystem
Unconscious controlSympatheticParasympathetic
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Activity 14.11Activity 14.11Purple book
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Homework!Homework!Muscle chartAnat family
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Thank you