nerve supply of head and neck-1 (nxpowerlite) / orthodontic courses by indian dental academy

Nerve Supply Of Head And Neck

INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY

Leader in continuing dental education www.indiandentalacademy.com

www.indiandentalacademy.com

Contents • Introduction• Basics of nervous system• Cutaneous supply of head and neck

• Trigeminal nerve• Cervical plexus

• Motor supply to head and neck• Facial nerve• Ansa cervicalis• Spinal accessory nerve

• Nerve supply of :• Extra ocular muscles• Nasal cavity• Palate • Tongue • Pharynx• Larynx• Teeth


Introduction


Neuron•Perikaryon•Dendrites•Axon•Myelin sheath•Synapse


Nerve structures

•Multipolar•Bipolar•Unipolar

Classes of nerve fibres

•Type A, B,C•Myelinated & Unmyelinated•Sensory & Motorwww.indiandentalacademy.com

Sensory receptors

•Free nerve endings•epidermal •dermal

•Meissner’s corpuscle•Merkel disc endings•Pacinian corpuscle•Ruffini terminal•Golgi tendon organ


Nerve supply of head and neck


CUTANEOUS SUPPLY OF HEAD AND NECK


Cutaneous supply of:

Head – Trigeminal nerve Neck – Cervical plexus


Trigeminal nerve


Branches


Trigeminal nuclei

•Mesencephalic nucleus•Principal sensory nucleus•Nucleus of spinal tract•Motor nucleus


Functional components


Distribution

•Branches

•Relation with ganglions


Ophthalmic nerve

•Branches•Lacrimal•Frontal•Nasociliary

•Ciliary ganglion


Ophthalmic Nerve


Maxillary

Nervewww.indiandentalacademy.com

In the cranium MeningealIn pterygopalatinefossa

Ganglionic, zygomatic, post. Sup. Alveolar

In the infraorbital canal

Middle sup.Alv,ant. Sup. Alv

On the face palpebral, nasal,sup labial

Branches of maxillary nerve


Pterygopalatine ganglion

- Orbital - Palatine- Nasal- Pharyngeal


MandibularNervewww.indiandentalacademy.com

Main trunk

Ant. trunk

Post trunk

Nervus spinosus n. To M. pterygoid

Buccal n.n. to massetern. To L. pterygoidDeep temporal N.

AuriculotemporalLingual Inf. Alveolar

Branches of mandibualr nerve


Inf dental nerve does not occupy a single canal, but is plexiform in arrangement. It is also joined, directly, or thru its plexiform branches, by rami entering the bone as parts of neurovascular bundles, derived from attached muscles such as masseter. Such ‘accessory’ dental nerves ramify particularly in a plane lateral to the molar teeth, and their common occurrence accounts for the incomplete abolition of pain by inf. dental nerve block - Carter and Keen 1971


The nerves which supply the incisor teeth form an elaborate plexus on the external aspect of the mandible after emerging from the mental foramen and before they re-enter the bone.

- Starkie and Stewart 1931


Otic Gangl

ion


Submandibular

Ganglion


Cervical Plexus

•Lesser occipital•Greater auricular•Transverse cervical•Supra clavicular


MOTOR SUPPLY OF HEAD AND NECK


Head:Muscle of facial expression – VII nerve

Neck:Ant triangle -- supra hyoid

-- infra hyoid – Ansa cervicalisSCM & trapezius – Spinal accessoryVertebral muscles – Dorsal rami of spinal n. Suboccipital -- Dorsal rami of C1


Facial nerve nuclei


Functional components


Within petrous temporal


In facial canal

At stylomastoid

On the face

Gr petrosalN. To stapediusChorda tympaniPost auricularPost belly of digastricStylohyoid Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Marginal mandibualarcervical

Branches of facial nerve


Geniculate ganglion


Facial Nerve


Branches on

the face


Various types

of branchi

ng


Relation

with parot

id


Branches of

communication


Ansa cervicalis


The origin of the inferior root varies.Porirear and Chernikov (1965)

Based on 160 dissectionsCervical ventral rami

2, 3 74%2, 3, 4 14%3 alone 4%1, 2, 3 2%


Accessory nerve


References• Gray’s anatomy; 36th edition; Williams and Warwick• Anatomy and Physiology: The unity of form and function;

Kenneth S. Saladin• Clinical neuroanatomy for medical students; 4th edition;

Richard S. Snell• Chaurasia’s human anatomy; 4th edition• Anatomy for surgeons volume 1: The head and neck; 3rd edition; Hollinshead• Human anatomy; Prives, Lysenkov, Bushkovich• Grants atlas of anatomy • Text book of human neuroanatomy; 6th edition; Inderbir Singh


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