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NERCOMP Workshop Learning Objects Emerging Standards and Commercial Marketplace John Purcell Learning Objects Network www.LearningObjectsNetwork.com Phone 860-301-9267

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NERCOMP Workshop

Learning Objects

Emerging Standards and Commercial Marketplace

NERCOMP Workshop

Learning Objects

Emerging Standards and Commercial Marketplace

John PurcellLearning Objects Network

www.LearningObjectsNetwork.comPhone 860-301-9267

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 22

Learning Objects NetworkLearning Objects Network

Registry Agency for Digital Object Identifiers (DOI) and Handle System

Commercial Handle developer and operator

Designer, installer and manager of enterprise learning management, performance support and knowledge management systems for Office of the Secretary of Defense, Joint Chiefs of Staff, White House

GRID computing (virtual computing resource) developer

Consultant• Standards• Metadata including crosswalks, taxonomies, dictionaries• eLearning standards• Repositories and networks

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 33

Why Standards?Why Standards?

Dept. of Defense and demographics

Transition from classroom to blended and online instruction

New emphasis on performance support which requires interoperability and granularity

Knowledge Economy Economics--• elimination information silos;

• provide information faster and cheaper, anytime, anyplace and just for you

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 44

“The two truly transforming things, conceivably, might be in information technology and information operation and networking and connecting things in ways that they function totally differently than they had previously. And if that's possible. . . possibly the single-most transforming thing in our force will not be a weapon system, but a set of interconnections and a substantially enhanced capability because of that awareness.”

Secretary Rumsfeld - Aug 9, 2001

The DoD Need to Change

Platform-CentricInformation Advantage

Net-CentricInformation Advantage

InformationQuality

Content AccuracyCompleteness Timeliness Relevance

• Local • Global• Regional

61 el. Theater

8GHz MBR

169 el. 7GHz MBT

44/20

256 element

TPA484 element

RPA

Net-Centric OperationsThe Way Ahead

Source: Margaret Myers, Principal Deputy OSD DCIOSource: Margaret Myers, Principal Deputy OSD DCIO

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 555

Platform-CentricPlatform-Centric Net-CentricNet-Centric

Traditional stove-pipe approach Traditional stove-pipe approach v.v. Fused information available on the Net Fused information available on the Net

Net-Centric Operations-- A Fundamental Shift

533AF78533

Source: Margaret Myers, Principal Deputy OSD DCIOSource: Margaret Myers, Principal Deputy OSD DCIO

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 66

Initial ProjectionsInitial Projections

Implementing Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) strategy• Reduce classroom time 30%• Reduce development cost 50%• Reduce development time 30 %• Reduce travel and per diem costs• Shift performance 1 to 2 standard deviations

Goal to have 50% of training available online within 5 years

Plan to spend $6 billion total over 3-5 years

Content represents approximately 20% or $1.2 billion

Prefer to outsource rather than develop internally

Sources: Mike Parmentier, Former Undersecretary of Defense, Training & ReadinessWilliam S. Cohen, Former Secretary of Defense

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 77

# S

tude

nts

Learning Improvements

2

1

ClassroomStudents

ClassroomStudents

CurrentTechnolog

y

CurrentTechnolog

y

Next-Generation Technology

Next-Generation Technology

Average tutored student’s achievement is better than 98% of classroom students

Learning Technology PotentialLearning Technology Potential

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 88

Business,Government,Military,Academia

A Special Partnership

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 99

Standards Development--The Key PiecesStandards Development--The Key Pieces

1. Objects

2. Questions and Tests

3. Object Identification

4. Metadata

5. Repositories

6. Search and Discovery, “Accessibility”

7. Exchanges or Registries

8. Registry of Registries

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 1010

The ObjectsThe Objects

SCORM--Sharable Content Object Reference Model• Content aggregation model

• Run-Time Environment

• Application Programming Interface for communicating information about a learner’s activities

• Data model for recording the information

• Content packaging model

• Metadata elements

• Standard sequencing and navigation rules

www.adlnet.org

http://www.academiccolab.org/

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 1111

SCORM

CourseStructureFormat -

Derived fromAICC

Meta-datadictionaryFrom IEEE

Meta-dataXML BindingBest Practice

From IMS

Content toLMS API

From AICC

Content toLMS data

modelFrom AICC

RUN-TIMEENVIRONMENT

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 1212

Learning Object CommunitiesLearning Object Communities

SingaporeIMS Asia

PROMETEUS

CEN/ISSS

IMS Australia

ISO/IEC JTC1 SC36

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 1313

Question and Test InteroperabilityQuestion and Test Interoperability

Specification for . . .• Interactive assessment• Placing questions and tests into content packages• Using questions and tests with learning design and simple sequencing

http://www.imsglobal.org/question/index.cfm

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 1414

Object IdentificationObject Identification

How do you uniquely identify an object, make the web identification persistent over time for library purposes, provide resolution (delivery) functionality, and add search and discovery?

One answer from . . .• The Stationary Office of the United Kingdom (TSO)• Office of Publication of the European Community• European Library Community• Advanced Distributed Learning initiative• CENDI, the working group of senior Scientific and Technical Information (STI)

Managers from 12 U.S. federal agencies http://www.dtic.mil/cendi/proj_persistent_id.html

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 1515

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)and HandleDigital Object Identifier (DOI)and Handle

Both the DOI and Handle use re-direction so that the unique identification of the digital object remains persistent for research, bibliographic data, etc. even though the location of the object might change.

www.doi.orgwww.cnri.reston.va.us/

Web Browser

Doi>

10.1000/123

URL

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 1616

MetadataMetadata

http://www.dublincore.org/

http://www.niso.org/standards/resources/UnderstandingMetadata.pdf

http://standards.ieee.org/announcements/1484121app.html

http://www.cetis.ac.uk/profiles/uklomcore Exchange of structure metadata for resources http://www.imsproject.org/rli/index.cfm Information about the users (IMS http://www.imsproject.org/es/index.cfm

Market-ready metadata (see www.Merlot.org)• Date, rights, price, peer review, security/authorization

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 1717

The Key Role of Content MetadataThe Key Role of Content Metadata

Data describing digital resources in a consistent fashion

Enables creation of online registries or “card catalogs”

Enables physical location of content in distributed (locally controlled) repositories

Facilitates search, retrieval, reuse and personalization

Makes digital resources shareable across different technology environments

IEEE Learning Object Model (LOM) standard widely recognized

Metadata

Title:Author:Date:Status:

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 1818

Metadata referencesMetadata references

Application Profiles• ARIADNE: Elements and vocabulary that maps to the LOM. http://www.ariadne-

eu.org/3_MD/ .• CanCore: A subset of elements from the LOM only. Documentation for element

definitions, vocabulary and XML binding. http://www.cancore.org .• Heal (Health Education Assets Library): LOM elements and element extensions of

health education, XML schema and XML documentation. http://www.healcentral.org/documents.htm .

• The Le@rning Federation/SOCCI: LOM, Dublin Core and ODRL (Open Digital Rights Language) elements. Vocabulary for Australian curriculum. Not yet publicly available. http://socci.edna.edu.au/content/index.asp .

• SCORM: A subset of LOM elements (identified as either "mandatory" and "optional"), integrated with an runtime environment and aggregation model for learning content. Provides a "conformance testing tool" that validates XML bindings, and inclusion of mandatory elements. http://www.adlnet.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=scormabt .

• MERLOT: Elements and vocabulary that maps to the LOM. http://www.merlot.org .• SingCORE: A subset of elements from the LOM only. Documentation available at a

cost. http://www.cite.nie.edu.sg/ecc/ecc_sitemap.htm .

White Paper http://www.academiccolab.org/resources/FinalSummitReport.pdf

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 1919

Metadata Tools: • ALOHA: "A tool for metatagging and inter-repository communications."

http://aloha.netera.ca/ • DC-dot: A metadata editor designed for Dublin Core, but will crosswalk the metadata

into IMS. http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/dcdot/ • IMSE/VIMSE: A graphical Java program for editing IMS metadata XML files. Created by

Mikael Nilsson. Available at: http://imsevimse.sourceforge.net .• LOM Editor: Developed as a part of the Multibook (Personal Multimedia book) project

specifically for the LOM information model. http://www.multibook.de/lom/ • Microsoft LRN 3.0: Part of a small suite of tools for e-learning specifications-related

tools released by Microsoft. http://www.microsoft.com/elearn/ • MetaBrowser (Australia): Metabrowser is a cataloguing tool for Windows using

customizable implementations of any number of metadata schemas. Uses IE engine. http://metabrowser.spirit.net.au/

• Reggie Metadata Editor: "Enable[s] the easy creation of various forms of metadata with the one flexible program." http://www.metadata.net/dstc/

• Splash: A metadata editor integrated into P2P repository software. http://www.edusplash.net

• Sun Developer's Toolkit: Toolkit for Creating IMS Learning Resource-Compatible Meta-data. http://www.imsproject.org/tools/sun.html

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 2020

RepositoriesRepositories

Repositories provide key elements for the development, storage, management, discovery and delivery of content. They provide the following core functions:• Search/find – the ability to locate an appropriate learning object.  This can

include the ability to browse • Request – a learning object that has been located • Retrieve – receive an object that has been requested • Submit – provide an object to a repository for storage • Store – place a submitted object into a data store with a unique, registered

identifier that allows it to be located • Gather (push/pull) – obtain meta-data about objects in other repositories

for federated searches and information clearinghouse• Publish – provide meta-data to other repositories

Also must handle DRM, obtain globally unique identifier for each object, provide authentication

http://www.canto.com/

White paper at http://www.academiccolab.org/initiatives/repositories.html

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 2121

Search and DiscoverySearch and Discovery

http://www.imsproject.org/accessibility/index.cfm

ACCESSIBILITY

IMS AccessForAll Meta-data Specification

The AccessForAll Meta-data specification is intended to make it possible to identify resources that match a user's stated preferences or needs. These preferences or needs would be declared using the IMS Learner Information Package Accessibility for LIP specification. The needs and preferences addressed include the need or preference for alternative presentations of resources, alternative methods of controlling resources, alternative equivalents to the resources themselves and enhancements or supports required by the user. The specification provides a common language for identifying and describing the primary or default resource and equivalent alternatives for that resource.

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 2222

Semantic SearchSemantic Search

ParentsParents

EllingtonEllington

CharlieCharlieParkerParker

BillyBillyHolidayHoliday

ComposerComposer

JazzJazz

New YorkNew York

Table mannersTable manners

DukeDukeJohnJohnWayneWayne

Ermal WaldenErmal WaldenWilliamsonWilliamson

KatherineKatherineHepburnHepburn

CowboyCowboy MovieMovie

GameGame

NukemNukem

Role playRole playDoomDoom

WolffensteinWolffenstein

AdventureAdventure

Sky ScraperSky Scraper

SubwaySubway

VillanVillan

ParentsParents

EllingtonEllington

CharlieCharlieParkerParker

BillyBillyHolidayHoliday

ComposerComposer

JazzJazzDukeDuke

New YorkNew York

Table mannersTable manners

DukeDukeJohnJohnWayneWayne

Ermal WaldenErmal WaldenWilliamsonWilliamson

KatherineKatherineHepburnHepburn

CowboyCowboy MovieMovie

GameGame

NukemNukem

Role playRole play

DukeDuke

DoomDoom

WolffensteinWolffenstein

AdventureAdventure

Sky ScraperSky Scraper

SubwaySubway

VillanVillan

Demo

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 2323

Semantic SearchSemantic Search

ParentsParents

EllingtonEllington

CharlieCharlieParkerParker

BillyBillyHolidayHoliday

ComposerComposer

JazzJazzDukeDuke

New YorkNew York

Table mannersTable manners

DukeDukeJohnJohnWayneWayne

Ermal WaldenErmal WaldenWilliamsonWilliamson

KatherineKatherineHepburnHepburn

CowboyCowboy MovieMovie

GameGame

NukemNukem

Role playRole play

DukeDuke

DoomDoom

WolffensteinWolffenstein

AdventureAdventure

Sky ScraperSky Scraper

SubwaySubway

VillanVillan

SubjectSubject TextText Semantic networkSemantic network

Edward Kennedy Ellington was born into the world Edward Kennedy Ellington was born into the world

on April 29, 1899. Duke’s parents Daisy Kennedy on April 29, 1899. Duke’s parents Daisy Kennedy

Ellington and James Edward Ellington served as Ellington and James Edward Ellington served as

ideal role models for young Duke and taught him ideal role models for young Duke and taught him

everything from table manners everything from table manners to an understanding to an understanding

of the emotional power of music.of the emotional power of music.

The John Wayne lookThe John Wayne look--alike and impersonator, Ermal alike and impersonator, Ermal

Walden Williamson, has dedicated his career to Walden Williamson, has dedicated his career to

keeping the image of John ‘the Duke’ Wayne alive keeping the image of John ‘the Duke’ Wayne alive

and appearing aroundand appearing around the world as John Wayne.the world as John Wayne.

Duke Nukem: The Manhattan Project is an allDuke Nukem: The Manhattan Project is an all--new new

PC adventure starring gaming’s king of action. Set in PC adventure starring gaming’s king of action. Set in

New York City, Duke battles his way across towering New York City, Duke battles his way across towering

skyscraper rooftops and through gritty skyscraper rooftops and through gritty subway subway

tunnels on the hunt for powertunnels on the hunt for power--hungry villain, Mech hungry villain, Mech

Morphix.Morphix.

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 2424

Registries Tie It All TogetherRegistries Tie It All Together

Ensuring Valuable Content will be Found

DOIRegistry

ContentContent

LearningObject

LearningObject

DeliveryTechnology

DeliveryTechnology

Metadata

Location

DOI

Search

Results

Request

LocationRequest

Digital Content Object

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 2525

2. Creating an Efficient Marketplace for Digital Content

2. Creating an Efficient Marketplace for Digital Content

Distributed Network Technology . . . Increases provider’s control over content Greatly expands the availability and accessibility of quality content Removes critical barriers to the growth of online content markets

Content Provider B

Content Provider B

Content Provider A

Content Provider A

Content Provider C

Content Provider C

Content Provider D

Content Provider D

MetadataRegistryMetadataRegistry

NetworkServices

Content User

Content User

Content User

Content User

Content User

Content User

Content User

Content User

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 2626

CORDRA--the Final Step?(Content Object Repository Discovery and Registration/Resolution Architecture)

CORDRA--the Final Step?(Content Object Repository Discovery and Registration/Resolution Architecture)

On Contact [email protected]

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 2727

Registries of RegistriesRegistries of Registries

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 2828

Evolving RegistriesEvolving Registries

Library exchange systems (Europe)

Government document systems (EU, UK, Australia, US and Japan)

European Union learning exchange

UK National Grid for Learning

Australian learning exchange

US National object eXchange (connects to UK, Australia and others; now under development, standards-based, free to not-for-profit academic institutions--contact [email protected] or Judy Brown [email protected] )

NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 2929

Thank YouThank You

John Purcell

Learning Objects Network

www.loninc.com

[email protected]