WWE L C O M EE L C O M E

Nepal's Rural Engineering Development: Prospects and

1

Development: Prospects and Opportunity for NEC Graduating

Engineer

Er Bhim Upadhyaya,DDG, DoLIDAR

bhimupadhyaya@gmail.com

Engineer & Engineering "Engineering is a great profession. There is the

satisfaction of watching a figment of the imagination emerge through the aid of science to a plan on paper. then it moves to realization in stone or metal or energy. then realization in stone or metal or energy. then it brings homes to men or women. then it elevates the standard of living and adds to the comforts of life. this is the engineer's high privilege."

-Herbert Hoover (Er.) 31st President, USA2

Engineer & Engineering" The great liability of the engineer compared to men

of other professions is that his works are out in the open where all can see them. His acts, step by step, are in hard substance. He cannot bury his mistakes in the grave like the doctors. He cannot argue them into thin air or blame the judge like the lawyers. He cannot, like the architects, cover his failures with trees and vines. He cannot, like the politicians, He cannot, like the architects, cover his failures with trees and vines. He cannot, like the politicians, screen his short-comings by blaming his opponents and hope the people will forget. The engineer simply cannot deny he did it. If his works do not work, he is damned."

-Herbert Hoover, Engineer & 31st President, USA

3

Local Infrastructure and Poverty Local Infrastructure and Poverty ReductionReduction

Poverty Reduction

Local infrastructure

Rural Development

LID Policy, 2061: LID sectorsLID Policy, 2061: LID sectors

Housing,Building &Urban Dev.

SocialInfras.

Local Transport

Local

55

Small

Irrigation

& River

Control

Micro-hydro& AlternativeEnergy

Solid wasteMngt.26

Water Supply &Sanitation

LocalInfras.

USERSUSERS

NGONGO

CONSUL-TANTS (4

International, 20 National,

100

CONSUL-TANTS (4

International, 20 National,

100

Present StakeholdersPresent Stakeholders

DoLIDARDoLIDAR

DONORS (ADBADB, , DFIDDFID, , FINISH,GTZFINISH,GTZ

JICAJICA, , SDCSDC, WB, WB

WFPWFP, UNICEF….), UNICEF….)

DONORS (ADBADB, , DFIDDFID, , FINISH,GTZFINISH,GTZ

JICAJICA, , SDCSDC, WB, WB

WFPWFP, UNICEF….), UNICEF….)

CONTR-ACTORS (More than

100

CONTR-ACTORS (More than

100

100 Individual)

100 Individual)

Budget Budget –– 24 Billion 24 Billion

per year for per year for

infrastructureinfrastructure

Government Organizational Tiers for Rural Road Development

Ministry of Local Dev

Dept of Local Infras Dev & Agri Roads (DoLIDAR)

District Dev Com. Office 75

Municipality 58

District Technical Office 75

Vill. Dev. Com. Office 3915

District Technical Office(Chief/District Engineer)

Organization of DTOs (Headed by SDE in 42 Organization of DTOs (Headed by SDE in 42 Districts and by Engineers in 33 Districts)Districts and by Engineers in 33 Districts)

Rural and Agricultural Road

Section

Water Supply, Sanitation and

Building Section

Irrigation and Other

Infrastructure Development

Section

Account and Administration

Section

DONORS, Intern'l Firms, INGOs in DONORS, Intern'l Firms, INGOs in Rural Infras. Sector Rural Infras. Sector

1.Donors1.Donors�� World Bank, World Bank, �� Asian Development Bank, Asian Development Bank, �� UK's DFID, UK's DFID,

2. International Consulting 2. International Consulting FirmsFirms

�� WSP (British), WSP (British), �� SKAT (Swiss), SKAT (Swiss), �� ITECO (Swiss), ITECO (Swiss), �� UK's DFID, UK's DFID,

�� JICA, JICA, �� SDC,SDC,�� Finland, Finland, �� OPEC Fund, OPEC Fund, �� IFAD, IFAD, �� UN WFPUN WFP

�� ITECO (Swiss), ITECO (Swiss), �� Finland Consulting Group, Finland Consulting Group, �� Ramboll (Finland)Ramboll (Finland)

3. INGOs3. INGOs�� Helvetas, Helvetas, �� GTZGTZ

4. Domestic Consultants4. Domestic Consultantsalmost allalmost all

What is a Project(Public Works)?What is a Project(Public Works)?

A Project has the following A Project has the following attributes… attributes…

�� Objective or GoalObjective or Goal

10

�� TimeTime

�� CostCost

�� Location or space; andLocation or space; and

�� A TeamA Team--work of expertswork of experts

A Project has mainly 3+1 A Project has mainly 3+1 Stakeholders: 4C'sStakeholders: 4C's

1.Client (or Employer) 1.Client (or Employer)

2.Consultant (or Engineer)2.Consultant (or Engineer)

11

3.Contractor (or Consumer 3.Contractor (or Consumer Group)Group)

4.Consumer4.Consumer

Project PhasesProject Phases

1.1. Study (Data collection & Need)Study (Data collection & Need)

2.2. Design Phase (Detailing for Goal)Design Phase (Detailing for Goal)

3.3. Development Phase (InputDevelopment Phase (Input--

12

3.3. Development Phase (InputDevelopment Phase (Input--Output Output MngtMngt.).)

4.4. Operation Phase (Service Mngt.)Operation Phase (Service Mngt.)

PROJECT MGMT(Input & Output)

PROCUREMENTMGMT,Goods, works,services

FINANCIALMGMT

CONTRACTMGMT

PROJECT Management Breakdown

DISBURSEMENT

Mobilization

Insurance

Claim & Refund

Detail Project Report•Selection, Walkover

•EIRR,IEE, Resettlement•Land Acquisition

•Detail Survey, Design•Estimate Approval

13

QLTY/LABMGMT

SITE MGMT

TechnicalAudit

QAP

WORK PLANpaymentin time

Reporting

Mobilization

ContractorsRBG, VIUGConsultants

CONSTRUCTIONMGMT

Procurement

14

Goods Services Works

Phases of Public Works

Works

15

Precons-truction Phase

Construction Phase

Operation and Maintenance

Phase

NASC class on Aspects of Rural Infras Project Managment 066.11.25

16

PreconstructionPhase

Preparationor

Design

Procurement or

Tendering

Contractingor

Agreement

3 Parties Mutual Check and Balance

Project Manager or Client'sRepresentative

Consultant

Contractor17

Representative

Supervisory Hierarchy18

Client

ProjectManager

Engineer

Field Supervisor

Labor

Supervisonof Works

19

Aspects

Process(Quality System or control)

Payment(Cost

Control: directindirect)

Time(Progress)

Performance(Output)

NASC class on Aspects of Rural Infras Project Managment 066.11.25

Scheduling, Gantt, CPM, PERTDrawing, Specification, Lab Tests,

Qualified Supervisors

ConstructionSupervison

Components

20

Money(Finance,Account)

Men(Labor,

Consultants)

Machine(Equipments,

Tools)

Materials(Site Store,Quarry,Fuel)

Opportunity: Nepal's 20 yrs

ROAD VISION

2222

National Rural Roads Network:

52,000 KmOperational Rural Roads:

15,000 Km

Strategic and Local Road Network of Nepal & Accessibility (2hrs; 4 hrs)

National Society of Agri EngineersNational Society of Agri Engineers 2323TB: 4000 Nos.

SRN : 5400 Km(78% Access.)

LRN: 4500 Km (85% Access.)

Planning for all weather accessibility Planning for all weather accessibility

Budget Allocation for MLD in Rs Billion

11.2 13

24

36

42

46

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Rs

billi

onLocal development: trend of budget Local development: trend of budget

allocationallocation

252525

0.27

0.34

0.33

0.33

0.28

0.32

0.44

0.46

0.45

0.32

0.41

0.66

1.11 3.

34

3.62

3.68

3.97

4.14

4.62

3.59 4.84 6.54 7.53 8.5 11

.2 13

2.42

0

5

10

15

038/

3903

9/40

040/

4104

1/42

042/

4304

3/44

044/

4504

5/46

046/

4704

7/48

048/

4904

9/50

050/

5105

1/52

052/

5305

3/54

054/

5505

5/56

056/

5705

7/58

058/

5905

9/60

060/

6106

1/62

062/

6306

3/64

064/

6506

5/66

066/

6706

7/68

068/

69

Fiscal Year

Rs

billi

on

Posting of 1 Engineer and 1 Posting of 1 Engineer and 1

SubSub--engineer in each DDC engineer in each DDC DTO under DDC and

expansion of DoLIDAR

organization

Establishment of Establishment of

DoLIDARDoLIDAR

Local Infrastructure ProgramsLocal Infrastructure Programs

1. District Road Support Programme-DRSP (SDC)

2. Decentralized Rural Infrastructure and Livelihood Program–DRILP (ADB/SDC)

3. Rural Access Improvement and Decentralization Project-RAIDP(WB)

4. Rural Access Program - RAP II(DFID)4. Rural Access Program - RAP II(DFID)

5. Trail Bridge SWAp and Motorable Road Bridge Program

6. Rural Transport Infrastructure Sector Wide Program

7. Road Board Nepal, Road Maintenance Program

8. Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Program –RWSSP

9. Rural Village Water Resource Management Project–RVWRMP(FINIDA)

Local Infrastructure Programs (2)Local Infrastructure Programs (2)

10. Water Supply and Sanitation Project-Western Nepal–WSSP-WN(FINIDA)

11.Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Project–RRRSDP (ADB, DFID, OFID, SDC)

12. Peace and Rehabilitation Program12. Peace and Rehabilitation Program

13. Local Infrastructure for Livelihood Improvement-LILI (SDC)

14.Project for Community Access Improvement – JICA

15. Community Irrigation Program – CIP (ADB)

16. Small Irrigation Program

17. Other Infrastructure Program

Rural Roads: Surfacing StatusRural Roads: Surfacing Status

2828Total Length of Rural Roads: 38, 981.45 kmTotal Length of Rural Roads: 38, 981.45 km

Trail Bridges SubTrail Bridges Sub--Sector Sector

Constructed, 4736Constructed, 4736Constructed, 4736Constructed, 4736

Trail Bridge Status Trail Bridge Status Trail Bridge Status Trail Bridge Status

2929

Additional Demand, Additional Demand, Additional Demand, Additional Demand, 6000600060006000

Total, 10736Total, 10736Total, 10736Total, 10736

More than 52,000 km of

30

More than 52,000 km of

Rural Roads

More than 6000 such TB Required

2nd Largest Pedestrian Susp. Bridge 1452m

31

Seasonal Pontoon Bridge

3232

TuinTuin

Gravity Ropeway

Lab Facility

NASC class on Aspects of Rural Infras Project Managment 066.11.25

34

Road Construction Technologies

NASC class on Aspects of Rural Infras Project Managment 066.11.25

3535

Good Quality works in progressGood Quality works in progress36

Difficulties

and

Challenges

Road ill-designed and in Disrepair

38 3838

•Poor-Maintenance and hardships

•12,000km operational road

HilsaHilsa –– HumlaHumla(The most remote bridge in the country)(The most remote bridge in the country)

3939

Longest Suspended BridgeLongest Suspended Bridge

Buwajor Suspended Bridge, KhotangSpan: 350 m, Sunkoshi River

Longest Suspension BridgeLongest Suspension Bridge

Triveni Gurans Bridge, Sindhuli/UdayapurSpan: 350 m, Kamala River

ChuliledarChuliledar ManangManang(TB in the highest altitude 4200m)(TB in the highest altitude 4200m)

4242

Live loads in a Trail BridgeLive loads in a Trail Bridge

4343

Suspension Bridge having highest Free Board of 117m,

Span : 344 m Kushma, Gyadi, Parbat

Opportunity in Opportunity in New NepalNew Nepal

IrrigationIrrigation HousingHousing

Rural ElectrificationRural Electrification

Remaining 75%

IrrigableLand

Houses forall Poor

Electricity connections To Remaining 62%

householdsSchools, Health

posts for all villages

BuildingProsperous

New Nepal

RoadsRoadsWater SupplyWater Supply

Rural telecom ConnectivityRural telecom Connectivity

All VillagesAll Villages40,000/391540,000/3915

VDCsVDCs

Drinking WaterTo 24% Remaining

Habitations

TeleConnectivity

To all remaningvillages

Challenging task is the Challenging task is the evolution of the management evolution of the management

structure for integrated structure for integrated development development

Nepal

Challenge:Challenge: POWER POWER

HydroHydro

Nuclear - 0Hydro ~ 556 MW(0.67% potential)

Coal Thermal 0

Renewable Energy <1 MW

Total ~ 612 MW

ThermalThermal

Distribution Loss

NOW 2025

> 25% <5%

Nepal's Power Sources:

Diesel 55 MW Renewable Renewable EnergyEnergy

Balanced Development of Hydropower Projects Large Hydel Projects

• Seti west 750 MW

• Budhi Gandaki 600

• Kali Gandaki 600

• Aruns 643

• Karnalis 1380

• Pancheswor 6480

Seti Karnali

Kali

Budhi

Andhi

Langtang

Dudhkoshi• Pancheswor 6480

• Dudh Koshi 300

• Andhi Khola 180

• Langtang 218

• U Tamakoshi 309

• 20 Other Big Projects

Total (30 Projects) 12,766MW

Hydel Locations

Pancheswor

Arun

Dudhkoshi

Total Hydropower Potential 83,000 MW

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"The Earth contains enough "The Earth contains enough resources to enable present resources to enable present and future generations to and future generations to live like kings if we but live like kings if we but

5050

live like kings if we but live like kings if we but harness the best harness the best technologies."technologies."

--Buckminister FullerBuckminister Fuller

What is the way out? The significant problems we have,

cannot be solved at the same level of thinking with which we created them.thinking with which we created them.

This is possible through Innovation.

Albert Einstein

Any Question?

Thank You

bhimupadhyaya@gmail.com; cell 9851104057