10

5

0

15

20

25

30

35

Time(Ma)

STANDARDCHRONO-

STRATIGRAPHY

SYST

EM

SERIES

MIO

CEN

EPL

IO-

CEN

E

PLEISTO-CENE

NEO

GEN

EO

LIG

OC

ENE

LU

UPP

ERM

IDD

LELO

WER

UPP

ERLO

WER

PALE

OG

ENE

HOLOCENE0.01

QU

ATER

NA

RY

SEA-LEVEL TRENDS

11.80

9.22

7.26

5.77

4.45

3.97

3.20

2.80

1.46

1.612.03

2.49

0.80

33.90

32.19

29.45

28.45

27.50

24.84

23.03

21.44

20.43

19.17

18.12

17.54

16.97

14.24

13.53

12.72

Tor 2

Tor 3/Me 1

Me 2

Io 1Cala 2Cala 1

Pia 2Pia 1

Za 1

Ge 1Ge 2

Ser 3

Ser 2

Lan 2/Ser 1

Bur 5/Lan 1Bur 4Bur 3

Bur 2

Aq 3/Bur 1

Aq 2

Ch 4/Aq 1

Ch 3

Ch 2

Ru 4/Ch 1

Ru 3

Ru 2

Pr 4/Ru 1

Ser 4/Tor 1

SEQUENCECHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY

SEQUENCES

Za 2

MAINSEA-LEVEL

TRENDS

MEGASEA-LEVEL

TRENDS

REF REF

Utsira Member

Skade Member

UnnamedMember

UnnamedMember

Southern Viking Graben Northern Viking Graben (61 N)Northern Viking Graben

S N W E

Seismic subdivision

LN-2

LN-1

UH-4

UH-3

UH-2

UH-1

(Rundberg & Eidvin, 2005), (Gradstein & Bäckström, 1996)

(Piasecki et al., 2001), (Smelror et al., 2005),

(Knox & Cordey, 1992)

Hiatus

Mid-Miocene hiatus (~0 my in the south to 15-20 my in northernmost North Sea)

B. badenensis - B. reticulata assemb. + U. pygmea langeri -

U. p. langenfeldensis assemblage

Hiatus

G. zealandica - G. ciperoensis assemblage

+U. tenuipustulata - A. guerichi staeschi

assemblage

Plio

cene

-P

leis

toce

neU

pper

Mio

cene

Mid

dle

Mio

cene

Low

er

Mio

cene

Upp

erO

ligoc

ene

Low

erO

ligoc

ene

Eoc

ene

Hor

dala

nd G

roup

Nor

dlan

d G

roup

Lark

For

mat

ion

Kai

For

mat

ion

Hor

da

Fm

Chrono-strat.

Group

A. insignis quadrata - A. insignis aemulans

assemblage

T. alsatica assemblage (in “Siliceous biofacies”)

N. atlantica (dextral) assemblage

+U. venusta saxonica -

Ehrenberghina variabilis assemblage

G. puncticulata - N. atlantica (sinistral) ass.

+M. pseudotepida ass.

LO D. biffii

LO C. lobospinosum

LO A. diktyoplokus

R. actinocoronata Zone (Smelror et al. , 2005)

(incl. S. armageddonensis - H. rigaudiae -

R. actinocoronata - A. umbracula - I. lacrymosa -

A. zevenboomii)

Rundberg(1989)

60 - 62 N

Jordt et al. (1995)58 - 62 N

MU 2

MU 4

MU 5

MU 6

MU 3

CSS-2

CSS-3

CSS-4

CSS-5?

Rundberg & Eidvin, 2005

Micropaleontology Palynology

TECTONIC EVENTS

Isostatic adjustments

Uplift of Fennoscandia and Scotland

Subsidence of North Sea Basin

Uplift of North Sea Basin margins and shallowing

Submergence of Greenland-Scotland High

Marine connection closes to Alpine Foredeep

Compressional tectonics in Norwegian-Greenland Sea and North Atlantic Ocean

Uplift of northernmost North Sea andShetland Platform

Volcanic activity in central Europeand North Sea Basin uplift

Marine connection to Alpine foredeep

Spreading jump (Aegir ridge abandend)

CLIMATICEVENTS

Neogene sequence and lithostratigraphy of the Northern and Central North SeaNORLEX - Project

(in progress) δ13

C(‰)

0-1012345

δ 18O(‰)

4°0° 8° 12°

Temperature (° C)*

Oi-1 Glaciation

Mi-1Glaciation

Late OligoceneWarming

Mid-MioceneClimatic Optimum

Asian monsoonsintensify

W.Antarcticice-sheet

E.Antarcticice-sheet

1 2 3

Zachos et al. (2001)Millenium Atlas (2003)

Brekke et al. (2000)Mc Arthur (pers.com) Zachos et al. (2001)

Sr87/Sr86

A n t a r c t i c I c e - s h e e t s

N. H

e m i s p h e r e I c e - s h e e t s

Full Scale andPermanent

Partial or Ephemeral

Foraminifers/Diatoms/Calcareous algae

C. teretis(NSR 13)

N.atlantica(NSR 11)

B.metzmacherii(NSR 10)

E. variabilis(NSR 9B)

G.praescitula(NSR 9A)

C.unicavus(NSR 8B)

Elphidium clavatumCassidulina teretisCassidulina scaldisiensisNeogloboquadrina pachydermaCassidulina grossaAmmonia beccariCassidulina grossa LCO, Globorotalia inflata,Monspeliensis pseudotepida, Sigmoilopsis schlumbergeri, Nonion affine LCONeogloboquadrina atlanticaGloborotalia crassaformisGloborotalia puncticulataNeogloboquadrina humerosaBolboforma metzmacheriNeogloboquadrina acostaensisNeogloboquadrina atlantica (dextral)Globigerina bulloidesCibicides telegdi

Ehrenbergina variabilisCassidulina subglobosaMartinottiella cylindricaNeogloboquadrina pachydermaBolboforma fragoriBolboforma spiralis

Cibicidoides wuellerstorfiNeogloboquadrina continuosaGlobigerina praebulloidesUvigerina semiomata

Globorotalia praescitula/zaelandicaSphaeroidinellopsis disjunctaSphaeroidinellopsis seminulinaSpirosigmoilinella compressa

Catapsydrax unicavusGlobigerinoides trilobusAsterigerina guerichi

Siliceous biofacies

G. inflata (NSR 12A)

C. grossa (NSR 12B)

Siliceousbiofacies(NSR 8A)

T. alsatica(NSR 7B)

A. agterbergi(NSR 7A)

Turrilina alsatica LOSpirosigmoilinella compressa LCODorothia seigliei

Turrilina alsatica LCO

Adercotryma agterbergiAnnectina biedaiRotaliatina bulimoidesReticulophragmium acutidorsataAmmodiscus latusReticulophragmoides jarvisiDWAF LCO (rare) Reticulophragmium amplectensAmmosphaerodina pseudopaucilo-culata

Aulacodiscus insignis var. (sp.3,4,5)Cibicidoides mundulusSiliceous biofacies LCO

Hyalinea balthica

Globorotalia praemenardii DWAF

Globigerina ciperoensis Globoquadrina praedediscensDentoglobigerina baroemoensis

Subbolina linapoerta Turborotalia pameroli Globorotalia cerroazulensis

Globigerina officinalis Almaena osnabrugensis

Central North Sea Southern North Sea(relatively rare)

M. choanephorumA. umbracula

R. actinocoronata

S. brevispinosa

O. piaseckii

Dinoflagellate cysts

Melitasphaeridium choanephorum, L. parviconvexaTuberculodinium vancampoaeAmiculosphaera umbraculaReticulatosphaera actinocoronata,Operculodinium janducheneiSelenopemphix brevispinosaPiccoladinium fenestratumInvertocysta lactymosaEdwardsiella sexispinosumOperculodinium piaseckii

Cristadinium diminutivum

D. biffii

Distatodinium biffiiMembranophoridium aspinatum

Chiropteridium lobospinosum

S. cornuta

A. semicirculataD. granulata

S. cooksoniae

Spiniferella cornuta

Wetzeliella symmetrica groupThalassiphora pelagicaPhtanoperidinium spp.

Rhombodinium dracoCorrundinium incompositum Areoligera semicirculata Deflandrea granulata

Schizophacus cooksoniaeSamlandia chlamydophoraAchilleodinium biformoides

Areosphaeridium dictyoplokus

C. diminutivum

D. martinheadii

L. truncatum

P. golzowense

C. passio

U. aquaeductum

D. paradoxum

C. tenuitabulatum

C. cantharellum

C. amiculum

Chiropteridium spp.

Decahedrella martinheadiiHystrichosphaeropsis obscura LabyrinthodiniumtruncatumCristadinium cristatoserratumPalaeocystodinium golzowense

Cerebrocysta poulseniiCordosphaeridium minimumCannosphaeropsis passio

Palaeocystodinium sp. ALophocysta sulcolimbata

Unipontidinium aquaeductumSystematophora placacanthaP. laticinctumApteodinium spiridoidesDistatodinium paradoxum/craterumApteodinium australienseCribroperidinium tenuitabulatum

Cordosphaeridium cantharellum

Leptodinium sp. III

Caligodinium amiculum

Deflandrea phosphoriticaChiropteridium galeaChiropteridium spp.

0

15

20

25

30

10

5

Time(Ma)

HOLOCENE

PLIO

CEN

E

E

L

Zanclean

PiacenzianGelasian

3.60

PLEISTO-CENE 1.81

Stag

e

Epoc

hO

LIG

OC

ENE

RupelianE

LChattian

28.45

MIO

CEN

E

E

M

L

Aquitanian

Burdigalian

Langhian

Serravallian

Tortonian

Messinian

23.02

20.43

16.97

13.65

7.25

11.61

34.00

5.33

Norges Database

based on: Smelror (pers.com.), Mudge & Bujak (1996), Millenium Atlas (2003)

based on: Gradstein & Backstrøm (1996)

Norwegian Microfossil Zones and Datums

0.7077 0.7082 0.7087 0.7092BRYGGE

NAUST

KAI

BRYGGE

BNU

MMU

BKU

IUEOC

North Sea Fan-Møre-Vøring Margins

Regionalunconformities

Glacial

Intra Pliocene

Intra Miocene

Base Neogene

Late Eocene

Pleist.toHolocene

Plio

-ce

neM

ioce

neO

ligoc

ene

Eoce

ne

EM

LE

L

North Seasouth of 62N

Nor

dlan

d G

roup

Hor

dala

nd G

roup

UTSIRA

SKADE

Chrono-stratigraphy

Stoker et al., 2005