nekton strong swimmers in the pelagic realm. cephalopod mollusks pelagic = squid, cuttlefish,...
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Nekton
• Strong swimmers in the pelagic realm
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Cephalopod Mollusks
• Pelagic = squid, cuttlefish, chambered nautilus
• (benthic = octopus)
• Have tentacles and are active predators
• Highly evolved nervous system
• Largest of the invertebrates (59 ft squid)
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cuttlefishchambered nautilus
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Squid
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Giant Squid Captured, Filmed for First Time : Dec 22, 2006- Japan
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Vertebrates:Cartilaginous Fish –
• Skeletons made of cartilage• skates, rays
– more benthic
– Dorsoventrally flattened
• sharks – More pelagic
– Torpedo shaped and streamlined
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Fig. 13-13, p. 269
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Fig. 13-14, p. 269
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Cartilaginous Fish
• skeletons made of tough elastic cartilage
• negatively buoyant– Use fins for lift– Store oil in liver
• Gill slits are visible
• some of the active sharks must swim to breathe
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Vertebrates: Bony Fish• Skeletons made of bone
• most numerous and successful of all vertebrates
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Bony Fish
• swim bladders
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Bony Fish
• operculum
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Vertebrates: Marine Reptiles • Sea turtles, sea snakes, marine iguanas,
marine crocodiles
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Marine Reptiles
• ectothermic
• covered with scales
• breathe air with lungs,
• have specialized salt glands to excrete excess salt taken in from seawater
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Vertebrates: Marine Mammals• Class Mammalia
– mammary glands; hair – endothermic
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Marine Mammals• Cetaceans
– porpoises, dolphins and whales– toothed whales & baleen whales
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•Figure 14.25
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Marine Mammals• Carnivora
– seals, sea lions, walruses, sea otters and polar bears
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•Figure 14.18
Seals vs. Sea LionsSea Lions•external ear flaps•Large front flippers to propel themselves•Long neck
Seals•Pin hole for ear•Small front flippers with claws•Propel themselves with rear flippers•Less mobile on land
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Marine Mammals
• Sirenia– manatees &
dugongs– only
herbivorous marine mammal
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Marine Mammals
• streamlined bodies
• breathe air using lungs
• modified respiratory (get 90% of O2 out of the air) & circulatory system (more red blood cells, more hemoglobin and myoglobin) for prolonged dives
• osmotic adaptations