Negotiations and Allied Post World War II Policies

SSWH18 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the global political, economic, and social impact of World War

II.c. Explain the military and diplomatic negotiations between the

leaders of Great Britain (Churchill), the Soviet Union (Stalin), and the United States (Roosevelt/Truman) from Teheran to Yalta and Potsdam

and the impact on the nations of Eastern Europe.d. Explain allied Post-World War II policies; include formation of the

United Nations, the Marshall Plan for Europe, and MacArthur’s plan for Japan.

Tehran Conference • November 28 – December 1, 1943• Meeting of FDR, Premier Joseph Stalin, and

Prime Minister Winston Churchill in Tehran, Iran• It was the first three-power war conference

attended by Stalin. • Agreement was reached on the scope and

timing of operations against Germany, including plans for the Allied invasion of France. The final communiqué also stressed the need for cooperation through the United Nations in meeting the problems of peace.

Yalta Conference • February 4 – 11, 1945 • Yalta- resort on the Black Sea Coast • 2nd Wartime Conference of Allied

Leaders:– Premier Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union– Prime Minister Winston Churchill – President Franklin D. Roosevelt

Issues of the Yalta Conference• Main Issue:– How to deal with the liberated countries of

Eastern Europe • Allies agreed:– Stalin agreed to enter war against Japan

following Germany’s defeat– To collaborate in establishment of the United

Nations– Major war criminals would be tried before an

international court – Earliest possible establishment through free

elections of democratic governments

Potsdam Conference • July 16 – August 2, 1945 • Suburb of Berlin • Last wartime conference• Focal Point of Discussion:– Immediate Allied control of Germany – Occupation of Austria– Demarcation of the boundaries of Poland

Postwar Territorial Divisions • Postwar occupation and territorial division reflected

postwar realities & the new schism between the US and the Soviet Union

• Soviets- eastern section of Germany• US, Britain, & France- western section of Germany• Berlin- (deep within Soviet controlled Eastern

Germany) – controlled by all four powers • Due to tension, no peace treaty was signed with

Germany• In 1946, Churchill proclaimed an “iron curtain” had

come down in Europe separating the Soviet Union and Poland from democratic & capitalistic Western Europe

The Truman Doctrine • March 12, 1947 • Drew the battle lines of the

Cold War • Free v. enslaved peoples• Implemented interventionist

policy dedicated to the “containment” of communism

Marshall Plan • Proposed to rebuild European

economies through cooperation & capitalism • Proposed in 1947, funded in

1948• Provided more than 13 billion

dollars to reconstruct Western Europe

Macarthur’s Plan for Japan• He accepted the Japanese surrender on the USS Missouri on 2 September 1945.

• Appointed by President Harry S. Truman as Supreme Allied Powers Commander, MacArthur directed the occupation of Japan (1945–50), implementing generally liberal economic, social, and political reforms, but delaying rebuilding of Japan's industrial economy until ordered by Truman in 1948.

• As a conservative Republican, MacArthur was seriously considered for the GOP presidential nomination in 1948, but he was defeated in the early primaries.

The United Nations • A supranational organization dedicated to keeping

world peace• The commitment to establish a new international

organization derived from Allied cooperation during the war

• Final version of the UN charter was hammered out by delegates from 50 nations at the UN conference in San Francisco in 1945

• Dedicated to maintaining international peace & security and promoting friendly relations

• The Cold War dominated postwar reconstruction efforts – often characterized by ideological & propaganda campaigns