nef renewables5 th june 03hef conference solar energy nef renewables a department of the national...

HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03

Solar EnergySolar Energy

NEF Renewables

A Department of The National Energy Foundation

Gareth EllisGareth EllisManagerManager


NEF Renewables NEF Renewables

NEF Renewables will promote and raise awareness of renewable forms of

energy; highlight their importance for a sustainable future; and encourage their development in an appropriate way,

through specific education and information programmes and services.

The National Energy Foundation is an Educational Charity based in Milton Keynes promoting the better use of energy. In 1995 it began to provide an information service on renewable energy…..


NEF RenewablesNEF Renewables

• Specialise in – Domestic

Renewables– Community

Renewables– Local Policy &

Planning

• Examples– RE for the Home– SELFSOL– PV DomSys– REST– Logpile– CRI East– LA21 Cambs, Oxon, MK,

Leics, Beds– MK Energy Strategy – Elstow New Settlement– Community Wind

Lincolnshire

Secretariat for STASecretariat for PV-UK


Solar Trade AssociationSolar Trade Associationand PV-UKand PV-UK

• Handle enquiries: phone, email, post, in person• Mail out information, members list• General admin, meeting rooms, legal advice, web

site, newsletter• Promotion of solar energy


Community Renewables InitiativeCommunity Renewables Initiative

• The Community Renewables Initiative Countryside Agency with funding from DTI.

• 10 Local Support Teams throughout England• Providing advice and support for community based renewable

energy projects.• CRI-East is the partnership of organisations providing the Local

Support Team for the East of England Region. • CRI-East includes The National Energy Foundation (NEF),

Peterborough Environmental City Trust (PECT) and Writtle College.

www.cri-east.org.uk


Solar ResourceSolar Resource

• Between 900 and 1300 KWh/m2 per year

• Enough roof space to generate current electricity demand


Solar PanelsSolar Panels Photovoltaics (PV)or Solar Water Heating?


Solar Water HeatingSolar Water Heating

• Useful in the UK for contribution towards domestic hot water (50%)

• Space heating technically feasible but usually uneconomic in UK

• Two main types of collector– Flat Plate– Evacuated Tube


Collector principlesCollector principles

Conduction loss

Radiation loss

Convection loss

Reflectionloss

Solar light

UsefulEnergy

Insu

lation

Housing

Absorber

Transparent cover

Heat transportliquid

Solar collector

Heat flow



FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS



EVACUATED TUBE COLLECTORS


Typical solar water heating system layout for a house


Sunlight in Western EuropeSunlight in Western Europe

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1

2

3

4

5

0

kWh/

m²/

day

Useful for solar collector


Orientation and inclinationOrientation and inclination

Rel

ativ

e ye

arly

per

form

ance

(%

)

North West South East NorthNW SW SE NE30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0°

30°

45°

60°

90°


System DesignSystem Design

Direct system Indirect system

Forced circulation Thermo siphon Integrated Collector Storage

Primary heat exchanger Primary heat exchanger Secondary heat exchanger


Closed Drainback SystemClosed Drainback System

West European climate conditions

- Freezing protection of the collector and piping

- Overheating protection of the system

- Best price performance

- Durability

- Requirements on tapwater pollution

Drainback

level


• High hot water use - eg lots of baths • Expensive water heating - LPG or electric• Willingness to do a bit of DIY• Stay around during summer• Building house, changing roof or heating system.• Done the energy efficiency bit• Long term property

Desirable:

Solar Water HeatingThings to look for:


• Water heating with storage• Roof or other space facing somewhere between east and west but not in shadow

Solar Water HeatingSolar Water HeatingThings to look for:Things to look for:

Essential:



• Cost £2,500 to £5,000• Cheaper if installed in new build or where

heating system or roof being replaced• Typical system covers 3 m to 4 m and

produces 1200 kWh of useful heat• DIY option


Cumulative Surface of Solar Heating Cumulative Surface of Solar Heating Collectors in Europe in 1998 Collectors in Europe in 1998 (in m(in m22))


Number of SWH Collectors installed Number of SWH Collectors installed in 1998 for 1000 inhabitants in Europein 1998 for 1000 inhabitants in Europe


Self Build Solar Self Build Solar

Self Build Solar Water Heating Systems– Reduce costs– Stimulate solar industry– Create jobs


AEE - ArbeitsgemeinschaftErneuerbare Energie

Non profit organisation working to promote renewable energy in Austria

• 1983 - First self build groups formed• 1991 - 92 - Concept transferred to Switzerland, Germany, Italy and Eastern Europe• 1998 - Transferred to UK, Portugal and Finland AEE Headquarters, Gleisdorf

Renewable Energy Training NEF Renewables 5 March, 2003


'photo’ = light ‘voltaic’ = volt

Electricity = Electrons

Semi-conductors materials can release electrons if exposed to light (ex. Silicon)

Today: 98% of PV cells are made of silicon

PhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaics


Different Types of Solar CellsDifferent Types of Solar Cells

Monocrystalline

Most efficient

Polycrystalline

Very efficient

Amorphous

Cheapest


Different Types of Solar CellsDifferent Types of Solar Cells


Type of systemsType of systems

• Grid Connected

• Off-Grid


•Measures between 15-30m2

•2 to 4 kWp

•Generates between 1,500 to 3,000 kWh per year (multiply by 750)

Typical Grid Connected SystemTypical Grid Connected System


Grid ConnectedGrid Connected


• OxfordOxford

• 4 kWp of PV Costing £25,0004 kWp of PV Costing £25,000• Produces slightly more electricity Produces slightly more electricity than house uses than house uses (around 3,000 to 3,500 (around 3,000 to 3,500 kWh/annum)kWh/annum)


Laing Homes Laing Homes DDevelopmentevelopment

• SunslatesTM • Area covered: 10 m2 to 24 m2

• Supply between 35% and 70% of each household's electricity needs


Atterbury VillageAtterbury Village

Large new-build development: 17 PV systems (36.7 kWp)


PV FacadesPV Facades

Blue PV facade, Doxford Business Park.


Production CostProduction Cost

Technology Cost/Wp Efficiency Cost/m2

Monocrystalline siliconPolycrystalline siliconAmorphous siliconCadmium TellurideCopper Indium DiselenideMarble cladding material

£ 3.50£ 2.50-3.50£ 2.00-3.50£ 3.50£ 4.00

15%8-12 %4-6 %7%9%

£ 525£ 200-420£ 80-210£ 250£ 360£ 600-1000


Installed CostInstalled Cost

• £6-7/Watt

• 2kWp system: £12-14K

• A grant is now available:

0800 298 3978www.solarpvgrants.co.uk


• Satellites

• Calculator

• Navigation bouys

• Boats

• Buildings

• Lighting

• Car park ticket machines

• And so on………

Off Grid ApplicationsOff Grid Applications


Street FurnitureStreet Furniture

Bus Shelter

Parking meter


PV can power electricity for street lights removing need for cable laying in street.

Street LightingStreet Lighting


PV equipment allows power on the move for today’s mobile electronic appliances

Small ScaleSmall Scale


Security light and alarm

For securityFor security


Garden light

Solar fountain

Solar ventilator

For the garden…For the garden…


PV-DomsysPV-Domsys

•Marketing campaign •Training for planners, building control officers…•Local training for electricians, roofers•Negotiations with local housing developers,

electricity companies and financers•Establishing local demonstration projects•Organising exhibitions and presentation evenings•Monitoring of installations

Encourage the take-up of photovoltaic (solar electric) Encourage the take-up of photovoltaic (solar electric)

systems in the South East Region at a domestic levelsystems in the South East Region at a domestic level


Grants for Solar EnergyGrants for Solar Energy

•Solar PV Grants-www.solarpvgrants.org.uk-0800 298 3978

•Solar Thermal Grants-www.clear-skies.org-08702 430 930


Level of PV GrantLevel of PV Grant

£20 million over 3 years

• Public bodies, L.A.s, housing associations 60%

• SMEs and homes 50%

• Large profit making organisations 40%


PV GrantPV Grant

• Stream 1 – individual/small applications 500Wp to 5kWp

• Stream 2 – large scale domestic or non domestic of 5kWp to 100kWp dealt with in three-monthly tranches.

• Grid connected

• BIPV on new and refurbished buildings, both domestic and non domestic

• Also non integrated retrofit installations


PV TargetsPV Targets

• 3,000 domestic/small installations (6 MW)– 1500 Stream 1– 1500 Stream 2 clusters at 140 sites

• 140 medium or large scale non domestic installations (3 MW) (Stream 2)

• Training and accreditation for 250 installers


Clear Skies – Solar ThermalClear Skies – Solar Thermal

• Community Grants– lower of 50% of installed cost or

£100k regardless of technology

• Feasibility studies – 75% of costs (max £10k)


• Household–Solar thermal £500

–Wind £1000 per kWe (max £5,000, min 0.5 kWe)

–Micro hydro Same as wind

–GSHP £1,200

–Automated wood pellet stoves £600

–Wood fuelled boilers £50 per kWth (max £1,500)

Technologies & grant levels Technologies & grant levels

nef renewables5 th june 03hef conference solar energy nef renewables a department of the national...

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