Parsons Engineering Science, Inc. • A Unit of Parsons Infrastructure & Technology Group Inc.1()! i?1 Dnsohavon Stroot 'Fairfax. Virginia ??030 • (703) 591-7576 • Fiix (703)591-1305

January 9, 2002

Neeraj SharmaOn-Scene CoordinatorUnited States Environmental Protection AgencyRemoval Enforcement Section (3HS32)1650 Arch StreetPhiladelphia, PA 19103-2029

Re: Submission of Final Site Characterization Work Plan,Allied-Pulaski Site, Pulaski, Virginia

Dear Mr. Sharma:

Please find enclosed the Final Site Characterization Work Plan for the Allied-Pulaski Site,Pulaski, Virginia. This document has been prepared on behalf of Honeywell International, Inc. inresponse to a Unilateral Administrative Order (UAO), effective October 3, 2000. The document has beenrevised to respond to EPA's comments on the Draft Work Plan (see attached Response to Comments)and the agreements made between Honeywell and EPA on November 13, 2001, including:

1. EPA agreed that HoneywelTs involvement in the asbestos containing materials (ACM) issuewill terminate at the completion of the exploratory test pit exercise described in the WorkPlan.

2. EPA agreed that industrial standards will apply to the site as opposed to the residentialstandard cited in the UAO.

If you have any questions concerning this submittal, please do not hesitate to contact SarahMeyers at 703-934-2325 or Tim Metcalf at 973-455-4107.

Sincerely,

PARSONS

Sarah L. Meyers, P.Ect Manager

Peter A. Crowley, Ph.D., P.E.Technical Director

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Attachmentcc: Bill Huggins, Ecology and Environment

T. Metcalf, Honeywell International, Inc.P. Norian, Parsons - New JerseyJ. Kyles, Parsons - New Jersey (letter only)John Ledbetter, Parsons - FairfaxFile 739213

SAMPLING PLANAllied Chemical-Pulaski Site TDD No. SW3-02-01-006Puiaski, Pulaski County, Virginia_____________________Contract No. 68-S3-00-01

1.0 INTRODUCTION________________________________________

On 2 February 2002, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Region ffl On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) Neeraj Sharma directed the Ecology and Environment Inc.,Superfund Technical Assessment and Response Team (START) to conduct a splitsampling assessment at the Allied Chemical-Pulaski Works Site in Pulaski, PulaskiCounty, Virginia.

2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION_________________________

2.1 Location

The Allied Chemical-Pulaski Works Site is located on 2nd and Lafayette Streets inPulaski, Pulaski County, Virginia. The Site is situated south of State Route 99,immediately behind the Pulaski Shopping Mall. The site location is exhibited inAttachment 1, Site Location Map.

2.2 Site Description

The Site currently encompasses approximately 32 acres, which is separated into a5-acre tract and a 27-acre tract. A 10-foot chain link fence separates the twotracts. Access to the Site is through a locked gate located at the southern end ofLafayette Avenue. This gate allows access to the 27-acre parcel and to anothergate, which provides access to the 5-acre parcel. The Site is bordered to the eastby a storm water detention basin for shopping areas, to the west by Peak Creek, tothe north by commercial buildings, and to the south by Norfolk Southern Railroadright-of-way. There are various structures still present on the Site. Thesestructures include: a storage building; retaining walls and railroad support for theformer crusher building; an ash pile; and a slag pile. Some of the buildings thathave been demolished in recent years include a crusher building, furnace building,seven aboveground storage tanks, and several warehouses and storage buildings(Parsons, 2002).

2.3 Background

The Allied Chemical Company-Pulaski Works was a facility where oluem (sulfuricacid), vanadium pentoxide, and ferrous sulfide were manufactured from 1904 to1968. The plant operated until the late 1960's and was sold in 1968, afteroperations ceased to both H.W. Huff of Downtown East, Inc. and a related businessventure known as Downtown East Limited Partnership. Downtown East Inc. andDowntown East Limited Partnership owned the property from 1968 to 1999. OnDecember 20, 1999, the property was deeded to Mr. Howard Wakely Phillips,

AP Sampling Plan.doc \ 1 March 2002

Allied Chemical-Pulaski Works TDD No. SW3-02-01-006Pulaski, Pulaski County, Virginia_____________________Contract No. 68-S3-QO-Q1

manager of AAA, L.L.C. and Mr. H.W. Huff Jr., President of Downtown East, Inc(Parsons, 2002).

2.4 Regulatory History

On March 25, 1985, a Site Inspection (SI) report was prepared by NUS Corporationfor the USEPA. There were two waste piles present on-site. They were an unusedpyrite ore pile near the crusher building and a spent iron sulfide pile on the easternportion of the property. On December 1, 1983, aqueous, sediment, and solidsamples were collected from the Site. The report identified lead, cadmium,selenium, zinc, copper, and manganese at elevated levels in the solid and aqueoussamples (Parsons, 2002).

On February 22, 1990, the Commonwealth of Virginia identified eight metals(cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, nickel, selenium, and zinc) that weredetected in fish from Claytor Lake during a fish study. These same metals were alsofound "at levels of concern" in sediments at the mouth of Peak Creek, and ClaytorLake, and on the Site (Parsons, 2002).

On June 5, 1990, the Region in Technical Assessment Team, Roy F. Weston, Inc.,collected aqueous, soil/slag, sediment, and ash samples from the Site. The Agencyfor Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) reviewed the results andconcluded that there was no threat to human health.

On October 13, 1998, the Region HI Site Assessment Technical Assistance, Roy F.Weston, Inc., collected soil, sediment, and aqueous samples from the Site. Theasbestos analysis indicated greater than one percent concentrations of asbestosminerals in five of the eight samples (SATA, 1998).

On October 3, 2000, a Unilateral Administrative Order (UAO) was issued to fiverespondents, including AlliedSignal, Inc., now Honeywell International, Inc. Therespondents were directed by USEPA to produce a Response Action Plan (RAP),which requested the production of a Site Characterization Work Plan. The USEPAhas identified three hazardous substances to be characterized at the Site; lead-contaminated soils; friable asbestos containing materials (ACM), and metals-contaminated and acidic surface water runoff.

On January 9, 2002, a Work Plan titled Final Site Characterization Work Plan forthe Allied-Pulaski Site, Pulaski, Virginia, was delivered to the USEPA On-SceneCoordinator (OSC) by Parsons Engineering Science, Inc., a subcontractor ofHoneywell International, Inc. This Work Plan was forwarded to the Ecology andEnvironment, Inc., Region ni START Team for review.

AP Sampling Plan doc 2 R D I U U U 2 ^ 7 Mardl 2002

Allied Chemical-Pulaski WorksPulaski, Pulaski County, Virginia

TDD No. SW3-02-OI-006Contract No. 68-S3-00-01

3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1 Objective and Data Use

The objective of this event is to obtain certain surface soil, subsurface soil, andsurface water split samples from Honeywell International, Inc., or its affiliate(s).The samples will be analyzed for lead and the data results will be compared to theResponsible Party (RP) results to determine the validity of the RP data results andthe efficacy of the characterization. The analytical data from this event will alsobe used in further determining to what degree the Site poses a threat to humanhealth or to the environment.

3.2 Scope of Work

The scope of work involves collecting (receiving) surface and subsurface soil andsurface water split samples from the RP or approved affiliate. Attachment 2,Final Site Characterization Work Plan for the Allied-Pulaski Site, Pulaski, Virginia(Parsons, 2002) indicates the scope of work as anticipated by the RP. Table 1,Sampling Summary, lists the proposed sample identifiers, matrices, types ofsamples, and preservatives associated with the split samples START will bereceiving from the RP.

Table 1Sampling Summary

SampleIdentifierRP sample

label schemeRP sample

label schemeRP sample

label scheme

Matrix

SurfaceSoil

SubsurfaceSoil

SurfaceWater

Analysis

Lead

Lead

TAL Metals

Location/Sample Type

To be determined/Split/Grab

To be determined/Split/Grab

To be determined/Split/Grab

Preservative

None

None

Nitric Acid (HNO3)

TAL - Target Analyte List

4.0 SAMPLING PROCEDURES

4.1 Sample Collection

Following proper safety orientation and a Site Topographic Survey, fieldwork willbegin with a Site reconnaissance to stake out accessible and appropriate sample

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Allied Chemical-Pulaski WorksPulaski, Pulaski County, Virginia

TDD No. SW3-02-01-006Contract No. 68-S3-00-01

locations. USEPA or E&E Inc. approved Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)will be used by START; however, the RP will primarily be working from theirown set of SOPs, as per the Work Plan. START will provide documentation ofthe sample collection procedures used on site. Please refer to Attachment 2, FinalSite Characterization Work Plan for the Allied-Pulaski Site, for more detail onprocedures that will be implemented by the RP. START will be collecting spiltsamples from all water samples collected from the lagoon on-site. START willcollect split samples from soil samples collected on site. START will collect 33%split samples.

5.0 ANALYTICAL PARAMETERS_______________________________

START will receive a maximum of 35 surface soil, 25 subsurface soil, and 20 surfacewater split samples from the RP. Each sample will be collected using precleanedcertified sampling equipment and placed in the sample containers as indicated in theWork Plan. All soil samples will be analyzed for lead. All surface water samples will beanalyzed for Target Analyte List (TAL) Metals. Laboratory analyses are summarized inTable 2 Summary of Analytical Parameters.

Table 2Summary of Analytical Parameters

SampleIdentifiers

RP samplelabel schemeRP sample

label scheme

Matrix

Soil (all)

Water

AnalyticalParameters

Lead (Pb)

TAL Metals

TestMethod

ILM4.1

ILM4.1

Containers UsedPreservatives Used

1 8-oz CWM

2 1-Liter Poly(HN03), one filtered

0.45 micron.

SpecialDetection

LimitsNeededCRDL

CRDL

CWM - Clear wide-mouth (sample jar)CRDL - Contract Required Detection LimitsILM - Inorganic MethodTAL - Target Analyte List

6.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTOL (QA/QC) PROCEDURES________

6.1 Quality Control of Field Activities

The START Project Manager will be responsible for ensuring that sample qualityand integrity are maintained in accordance with the QA/QC Control Guidance for

AP Sampling Plan.doc

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Allied Chemical-Pulaski Works TDD No. SW3-02-01-006Pulaski, Pulaski County, Virginia_____________________Contract No. 68-S3-OQ-01

Removal Activities, EPA/540/G-90/004, April 1990. Field quality control (QC)will consist of field duplicates, field blanks, trip blanks, rinsate blanks, andsample documentation as referenced in SOP GENTECH 4.1, Field ActivityLogbooks (E&E, 2000). Trip blanks will be used to check contamination duringsample handling and shipment from the field to the laboratory. Field duplicateswill be used to check the reproducibility of laboratory and field procedures. Fieldblanks will be used to check cross-contamination during sample collection,preservation, and shipment, as well as in the laboratory. Rinsate blanks, ifcollected by the RP, will be used to check field decontamination procedures ifnecessary.

6.2 Sample Packaging and Storage

Sample containers will be labeled and shipped with a sample tag affixed to eachcontainer. Samples will be placed in plastic zipping bags. Bagged containers willbe placed in appropriate transport containers and the containers will be packedwith appropriate absorbent material, such as vermiculite, and preserved with ice,if necessary. All sample documents will be affixed to the underside of eachtransport container lid. The lid will be sealed with shipping tape and custodyseals will be affixed to the transport container. Transport containers will belabeled with the origin and destination locations.

Regulations for packaging, marking, labeling, and shipping of hazardous materialsand wastes are promulgated by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT).Air carriers that transport hazardous materials, in particular, Federal Express,require compliance with the current International Air Transport Association(IATA) Regulations, which apply to the shipment and transport of hazardousmaterials by air carrier. START will follow IATA regulations to ensurecompliance.

6.3 Field QC

Field QC will consist of field blanks and field duplicates. Field blanks will becollected to test for contamination that could be introduced by the samplingcontainers and equipment. At least one field duplicate per 20 samples will becollected, along with sample documentation as referenced in START SOP DOC2.1, Logbook Documentation (START, 2000). The field duplicates will test thereproducibility of sampling procedures and results.

6.4 Laboratory QC

Laboratory QC will consist of one triple volume sample per 20 water samples, andone double volume per 20 soil samples collected. The QC will also include allQC stated in the Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) Statement of Work (SOW)and include all forms and dcliverables required by the SOW.

AP Sampling Plan.doc 5 7 March 2002

Allied Chemical-Pulaski Works TDD No. SW3-02-01-006Pulaski, Pulaski County, Virginia_____________________Contract No. 68-S3-00-01

6.5 Data Validation

Data validation will be performed by EPA Region HI Central RegionalLaboratory's Quality Assurance Members in accordance with EPA Region HIModifications to the EPA Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) NationalFunctional Guidelines.

7.0 REPORTS___________________________________________

Information gathered from this sampling event will be compiled into a Trip Report. Thereport will include the data collection methods, sample location descriptions, datasummary tables comparing results against removal action levels (RALs), maps, and anoverall narrative of events. The Trip Report will be submitted to the OSC uponcompletion.

8.0 REFERENCES_________________________________________

SAT A, 1998. Trip Report - Allie d-Pulaski Site, Pulaski, Pulaski County, VA. Wheeling,WV.

E&E, 2000. (Ecology and Environment, Inc.), Compendium of Standard OperatingProcedures. Buffalo, NY.

Parsons, 2002. Final Site Characterization Work plan for the Allied-Pulaski Site, Pulaski,Virginia. Fairfax, VA. 9 January 2002.

9.0 ATTACHMENTS_______________________________________

Attachment 1 - Site Location MapAttachment 2 - Final Site Characterization Work plan for the Allied-Pulaski Site, Pulaski,

Virginia (Parsons, 2002)

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Copyright (C) 1997, Maptech, Inc.

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FINALSITE CHARACTERIZATION WORK PLAN

FOR THE ALLIED-PULASKI SITEPULASKI, VIRGINIA

PREPARED FOR:

Honeywell101 Columbia Road

Morristown, New Jersey

PREPARED BY:

PARSONS10521 Rosehavcn StreetFairfax, Virginia 22030

SUBMITTED TO:

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)Region III

1650 Arch StreetPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania

JANUARY 2002

f l R I 0 0 5 Q 2

FINALSITE CHARACTERIZATION WORK PLAN

FOR THE ALLIED-PULASKI SITEPULASKI, VIRGINIA

PREPARED FOR:

Honeywell101 Columbia Road

Morristown, New Jersey

PREPARED BY:

PARSONS10521 Rosehaven StreetFairfax, Virginia 22030

SUBMITTED TO:

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)Region III

1650 Arch StreetPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania

JANUARY 2002

A R I 0 0 5 0 3

FINALSITE CHARACTERIZATION WORK PLAN

ALLIED-PULASKI SITEPULASKI, VIRGINIA

Except as provided below, I certify that the information contained in or accompanyingthis Final Site Characterization Work Plan is true, accurate, and complete.

As to those portions of this document for which I cannot personally verify theiraccuracy, I certify under the penalty of law that this document and all attachments wereprepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure thatqualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the information submitted. Based on myinquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsiblefor gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge andbelief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties forsubmitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowingviolations.

Signature:

Name (print): Timothy J. Metcalf

Date: 176

Title: Manager, Remediation and Evaluation Services

Honevwell International Inc._______ ___

FINAL

FINALSITE CHARACTERIZATION WORK PLAN

ALLIED-PULASKI SITEPULASKI, VIRGINIA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

ACRONYM LIST......................................................................................................-.................-........!!!

1.1 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................1-11.2 SITE CHARACTERIZATION ELEMENTS AND OBJECTIVES ...................................................1-11.3 ORGANIZATION OF THE WORK PLAN ................................................................................ 1 -3

2. PROJECT ORGANIZATION ...........................................................................................................2-12.1 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................2-12.2 U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ..................................................................2-12.3 HONEY WELL INTERNATIONAL, INC... . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- . . . . . . . . . . . .- . . . . . . .2-l2.4 PARSONS ENGINEERING SCIENCE, INC. ............................................................................2-32.5 ANALYTICAL LABORATORY ............................................................................................2-32.6 ENVIRONMENTAL DRILLING FIRM....................................................................................2-32.7 EXCAVATING FIRM.......................................................................................................... 2-32.8 SURVEYOR.. .............................................................................................................. ......2-32.9 UTILITY LOCATING FIRM .................................................................................................2-42.10 TREATMENT/DISPOSAL FACILITY .....................................................................................2-4

.

3.1 SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-13.2 SITE HISTORY ..................................................................................................................3-5

3.2.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................3-53.2.2 OWNERS!UP HISTORY ..........................................................................................3-53.2.3 OPERATION ALHISTORY.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-63.2.4 SITE INVESTIGATION HISTORY.............................................................................3-8

3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING ............................................................................................3- 153 . 3 . 1 GEOLOGY, SOILS AND HYDROGEOLOGY ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-153.3.2 SITE HYDROLOGY AND STORMWATER MANAGEMENT... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1 7

4. WORK PLAN TASK RATIONALE...................................................................................................4-1

4.1 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................4-14.2 DATA NEEDS ...................................................................................................................4-14.3 TASK PLAN......................................................................................................................4-2

5. FIELD INVESTIGATION PROCEDURES ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-1

5.1 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................5-15.2 LAND SURVEYING ...........................................................................................................5-15.3 P R I V A T E UTILITY LOCATION ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2

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FINAL

TABLE OF CONTENTS(Continued)

PAGE

5.4 SOIL SAMPLING ...............................................................................................................5-25.5 STORMWATER RUNOFF SAMPLING...................................................................................5-65.6 DEMOLITION DEBRIS EXPLORATION TEST PITS.................................................................5-75.7 INVESTIGATION DERIVED WASTE ....................................................................................5-85.8 ANALYTICAL METHODS AND PARAMETERS .....................................................................5-85.9 FIELD QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL (QA/QC) ...............................................5-85.10 EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES................................................................5-9

6. REFERENCES.............................................................................................................................^-!

APPENDIX A EIELD SAMPLING PLAN (FSP)

A P P E N D I X B QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN (QAPP)

LIST OF TABLES

PAGE

TABLE 2.1 KRY PROJECT CONTACTS ........................................................................................2-2TABLE 3.1 SUMMARY OF LEAD CONCENTRATIONS IN SAMPLES COLLECTED

DURING PREVIOUS SITE INVESTIGATIONS .............................................................3-1 I

F I G U R E 1-1F I G U R E 3-1FIGURE 3-2FIGURE 3-3FIGURE 5-1

LIST OF FIGURES

SITE LOCATION... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2CURRENT SITE FEATURES ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2HISTORICAL SITE FEATURES ...................................................................................3-4HISTORICAL SAMPLE LOCATIONS ...........................................................................3-9PROPOSED SAMPLING LOCATIONS ..........................................................................5-3

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FINAL

ACRONYM LIST

ACMATSDRBTAGCERCLACFRcocDABT

DEQDOT

DPTHPKPA

FSPHASPIDWMSMSDNANCPNDNOVO&MPCBsPEPG

PM

PRPQA/QCQAMSQAPPRAPRD/RA

Asbestos Containing MaterialAgency for Toxic Disease RegistryBiological Technical Assistance GroupComprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability ActCode of Federal RegulationsChain of CustodyDiplomat, American Board of ToxicologyDepartment of Environmental QualityDepartment of TransportationDirect Push TechnologyExtraction ProcedureEnvironmental Protection AgencyField Sampling PlanHealth and Safety PlanInvestigation Derived WasteMatrix SpikeMatrix Spike DuplicateNot ApplicableNational Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency PlanNot DetectedNotice of ViolationOperations and MaintenancePolychlorinatcd BiphenylsProfessional EngineerProfessional GeologistProject ManagerPotentially Responsible PartyQuality Assurance/Quality ControlQuality Assurance Management StaffQuality Assurance Project PlanResponse Action PlanRemedial Design/Remedial Action

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SI Site InspectionSOP Standard Operating ProcedureTAL Target Analyte ListTAT Technical Assistance TeamTCLP Toxicity Characteristics Leaching ProcedureUAO Unilateral Administrative OrderUSDA United States Department of AgricultureVDBQ Virginia Department of Environmental Quality

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FINAL

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

This document describes the work plan developed to implement the site characterizationtasks described in the Response Action Plan (RAP) prepared by Honeywell International. Inc.(Honeywell) for the Allied-Pulaski Site (Site) in Pulaski, Virginia. The site location is shownin Figure 1-1. The RAP was prepared in response to a Unilateral Administrative Order (UAO)issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) pursuant to Section 106 of theComprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 asamended (CERCLA), 42 U.S.C. §9606. This Work Plan has been prepared by ParsonsEngineering Science (Parsons) on behalf of Honeywell for submittal to KPA.

The UAO Respondents [AlliedSignal. Inc. (now Honeywell International, Inc.);Downtown East, Inc.; DELP, L.L.C.; Maple Garden Apartments, Inc.; and AAA, L.L.C.] havebeen directed to perform certain response activities to protect the public health and welfare andthe environment. On October 10, 2000, Honeywell requested that the other UAO Respondentsjoin in preparation of the RAP. However, Iloneywell did not receive a response to itsinvitation. Therefore, at this time, the RAP and this Work Plan reflect only Honey well'scompliance with the UAO and Honeywell's cooperation with EPA in this matter, and have beenprepared solely at Honeywell's expense.

1.2 SITE CHARACTERIZATION ELEMENTS AND OBJECTIVES

The EPA identified the actual and/or threatened release of hazardous substances fromthe Site as: (i) lead-contaminated soils; (ii) friable asbestos containing materials (ACM) buriedon site, contained within buildings, and/or spread on surface soils; and (iii) metals-contaminated and acidic surface water runoff. The approved RAP and this Work Plan havebeen prepared to address these issues as directed in the UAO.

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The data collected during the site characterization will be used to achieve the followingobjectives:

• Characterize the extent of lead in site soils;• Characterize the extent of selected metals in surface water runoff from the Site;• Evaluate the demolition debris pile for the presence of garbage bags containing

piping insulation;• Evaluate potential removal action alternatives; and• Prepare a Removal Design/Removal Action Work Plan for the Site.

It is Honeywell's position that any potential friable ACM at the Site occurred solely asthe result of other parties' ownership and operations. Although Honeywcll has agreed toattempt to determine whether the garbage bags containing piping insulation may be present inthe demolition debris pile created by the current owner, the presence of ACM in bui ldingmaterials at the Site will not be further addressed by Honeywcll in this Work Plan. EPA hasagreed that Honeywell's involvement in the ACM issue will terminate at the completion of theexploratory test pit excavation exercise described in this Work Plan.

1.3 ORGANIZATION OF THE WORK PLAN

This Work Plan describes the activities necessary to f u l f i l l the project objectivesdescribed above. The Work Plan is organized as follows:

• Section 1: Introduction - provides the objectives and scope of the project.• Section 2: Project Organization - provides a description of the key organizations

and personnel involved in the project.• Section 3: Site Description and Background - includes a description of the site

location, site history, and environmental setting.• Section 4: Work Plan Task Rationale - summarizes the rationale behind the

Work Plan and the rationale behind the tasks selected to achieve the projectobjectives.

• Section 5: Field Investigation Procedures - provides a general description of thefield investigation procedures; detailed procedures arc included in the Field

PARSONSG-\7.10\7.19213\WORK PI,AN\I-;PA FINAL WP DOC 1 -3 A R I 0 0 5

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Sampling Plan (FSP) and Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP), AppendicesA and B, respectively.Section 6: References.

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FINAL

2, PROJECT ORGANIZATION

2.1 INTRODUCTION

Several organizations will be involved directly in the performance and review of thisproject. These organizations have specific functions and relate to each other in various waysaccording to their project responsibilities. The purpose of this section is to provide anunderstanding of the overall project organi/ation and the function and responsibility of variousgroups to aid in the exchange of information and to ensure efficient project operation. The keyorganisations and their responsibilities are described below', 'fable 2.1 is a listing of keycontacts.

2.2 U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

EPA issued a UAO for the Site to five Respondents [AlliedSignal, Inc. (now HoneywcllInternational, Inc.); Downtown East, Inc.; DHLP, L.L.C.; Maple (Jarden Apartments, Inc.; andAAA. L.L.C.]. The Respondents were directed to perform certain response activities to protectthe public health and welfare and the environment. The Project Coordinator/On-ScencCoordinator for EPA is Mr. Neeraj Sharma.

2.3 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Honeywell International, Inc. (Honeywcll) is one of the Respondents identified in theUAO. Honeywell prepared a RAP detailing measures for implementing the response actionsfor the Site in response to the UAO. Honeywell had requested that the other UAO Respondentsjoin in preparation of the RAP; however, Honeywell did not receive a response to its invitation.Therefore, at this time, the RAP and Work Plan reflect only Honeywell's compliance with theUAO and Honeywell's cooperation with EPA in this matter. The Honeywell Project Manageris Mr. Tim Metcalf

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TABLE 2.1KEY PROJECT CONTACTS

ALLIED-SIGNAL SITEPULASKI, VIRGINIA

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U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY PARSONSUSEPA Region I I I1650 Arch StreetPhiladelphia, PA 19103-2029Phone: 215-814-3260I-ax: 215-814-3254• Neeraj Sharma

Project Coordinator/On-Scene Coordinator

HONEYVVEl.L INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Honeywell International, Inc.101 Columbia Road, MEY-3Morristown, NJ 07962Phone: 973-455-4107Fax: 973-455-3082• Tim Metcalf

Project Manager• David Cooke

Legal Counsel• Paul Norian (Parsons c/o I loneywel l )

Project Engineer

Parsons

10521 Rosehaven Street

Fairfax. VA 22030

Phone: 703-591-7575

Fax: 703-591-1305

• Sarah L. MeyersProject Manager

• David BadioProject QA/QC Officer

• Pete Crowley, P.E., Ph.D.Technical Direction

• Peter Loomis, P.E.Environmental Eng.

• Ed Bishop, C.I .H. , P.I-;.Health and Safetv

John LedbetlerEnvironmental Eng.Geology/1 lydrogeology

Tom Bachovchin, P.O.Geology/HydrogeologyKate McCarthyGeology/Hydrogeology

Randy AdamsEnvironmental Eng.

Jeffrey S. Duffy, Ph.D.. DABTToxicolouist

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2.4 PARSONS ENGINEERING SCIENCE, INC.

Parsons Engineering Science, Inc. (Parsons) has been retained by Honeywell to provideengineering services to develop and implement the RAP. Ms. Sarah Meyers is the ParsonsProject Manager. Mr. Tom Bachovchin, P.O. and Mr. Pete Crowley, P.E., PhD are technicaldirectors for this project. Mr. David Badio is the Parsons Quality Assurance Officer for thisproject.

2.5 ANALYTICAL LABORATORY

An analytical laboratory responsible for performing laboratory analyses will be selectedthrough submission and review of proposals. The selected laboratory will have a documentedQuality Assurance Program that complies with F.PA guidance document QAMS-005/80 asrequired by the UAO.

2.6 ENVIRONMENTAL DRILLING FIRM

An environmental drilling firm responsible for soil boring advancement will be selectedthrough submission and review of proposals.

2.7 EXCAVATING FIRM

A firm capable of excavating exploratory test pits in the demolition debris pile will beselected through submission and review of proposals.

2.8 SURVEYOR

Anderson and Associates, Inc. of Blacksburg, Virginia has been selected to conductsurveying work at the Site. Anderson and Associates, Inc. will be responsible for performing atopographic site survey and mapping sample locations.

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2.9 UTILITY LOCATING FIRM

A private utility locating firm responsible for performing a survey for buried utility linesat the Site will be selected through submission and review of proposals. This will supplementthe information provided by Miss Utility.

2.10 TREATMENT/DISPOSAL FACILITY

A firm or firms capable of investigation derived waste (IDW) disposal will be selectedthrough submission and review of proposals.

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3. SITE DESCRIPTION/BACKGROUND

3.1 SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION

The former Allied-Pulaski Site is located in the Town of Pulaski (Pulaski County), asmall community in Southwestern Virginia. The Site is situated south of State Route 99,immediately behind the Pulaski Shopping Mall. As shown on Figure 3-1, it is bordered byPeak Creek to the west, by a Norfolk Southern railroad right-of-way to the south, and byeommercial buildings to the north (including a power substation, Verixon office building, thePulaski Mall. Kroger's grocery store, and the Pulaski Shopping Plaza). The Site is bordered tothe east by a stormwater detention basin for the shopping areas and further by the NorfolkSouthern railroad right-of-way.

The approximately 32-acre site was originally part of a roughly 99-aere parcel thatincluded the shopping center. The Site comprises two parcels, a 5-acre tract and a 27-acre tract.The two tracts are currently separated by a 10-foot chain link fence. Access to the Site isthrough a gate at the southern end of Lafayette Avenue. This gale provides direct access to the27-acre portion of the Site and access to another gate that provides access to the 5-acre portionof the Site.

Various structures and purported disposal areas (furnace slag, kiln ash, and cinders)existed on the Site as part of the former Allied-Pulaski chemical manufacturing facility. Figure3-2 shows some of the historical structures and historical railroads. Most of the structures,including the crusher building, furnace building, seven aboveground storage tanks, and severalwarehouses and storage buildings, have been demolished or dismantled in recent years. Thefollowing are still present on the Site from the former Allied-Pulaski operation as of April2001: one storage building; retaining walls and railroad supports for the former crusherbuilding; an ash pile, and a slag pile. A small auto repair shop (apparently not in operation) andjunkyard bui l t at an unknown date are also currently located on the western. 5-acre portion ofthe property. The Site is not used at the present time writh the exception of trespassers whoreportedly gather at the Site and/or use the Site as a shortcut.

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3.2 SITE HISTORY

3.2.1 Introduction

This section provides a description of the site history including the ownership history,operational history, and site investigation history. The information reviewed for this section islimited to the information contained in the Administrative Record for the Site. Informationregarding demolition activities that occurred in January 2000 was also obtained throughinterviews with the current property owner and his subcontractor.

3.2.2 Ownership History

The property was first developed in 1904 by General Chemical Company, which laterbecame part of Allied Chemical and Dye Company ("Allied"). Allied manufactured oleum(sulfuric acid), vanadium pentoxide, and ferrous sulfide from 1904 to 1968 as both owner andoperator of the property. In 1968, Allied sold the property to H.W. Huff of Downtown East,Inc.

Allied Chemical and Dye Company later became Allied Corporation and thenAlliedSignal, Inc. On December 1. 1999, AlliedSignal Inc. (AlliedSignal) and Honeywell Inc.(formerly Honeywell) completed a merger under an Agreement and Plan of Merger (MergerAgreement). Under the Merger Agreement, a wholly owned subsidiary of AlliedSignal mergedwith and into the former Honeywell. As a result, Honeywell became a subsidiary ofAlliedSignal. At the effective time of the merger, AlliedSignal was renamed HoneywellInternational, Inc.

Downtown East, Inc. and a related business venture known as Downtown Hast LimitedPartnership owned the property from 1968 to March 19, 1999. On March 19, 1999, DHLP,L.L.C. acquired the property from Downtown East Limited Partnership. Mr. H.W. Huff, Jr.,president and secretary-treasurer of Downtown East Inc. (the general and managing partner ofDowntown East Limited Partnership) signed the deed on behalf of both parties. On December20, 1999, DELP, L.L.C. sold approximately 27 acres of the property to AAA. L.L.C. The deedwas signed by Mr. Howard Wakely Phillips, manager of AAA, L.L.C. and Mr. II.W. Huff, Jr..president of Downtown East, Inc. (the managing member of DELP, L.L.C.). Mr. Phillips

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purchased the property on behalf of AAA, L.L.C. and Maple Garden Apartments, Inc. with theintent to develop a mini-storage facility.

3.2.3 Operational History

As mentioned above, the Allied-Pulaski Site was used to produce oleum (sulfuric acid),vanadium pentoxide, and ferrous sulfide during most of its operational history. Sulfuric acidproduction ceased at the site in 1967. Ferrous sulfide was produced by combining coke andpyrite ore and then heating the coke/ore mixture in a furnace. The plant received the ore as araw material via railcar into the crusher building. Quantities of crushed or raw ore debris wereobserved in and around the crusher building during various site inspections conducted afterproduction ceased in 1976 (USEPA, 2000; NUS, 1985). Slag from the furnace operationcomprised the principal unusable material generated by ferrous sulfide production. Furnaceslag was historically stored on-site in a slag pile on the eastern side of the property.

The plant produced sulfuric acid (H2SO4) by oxidizing sulfur dioxide (SO,) to sulfurtrioxide (SO3) and then reacting the SO, with water. The oxidation reaction was performed inthe presence of atmospheric air, high temperature, and a vanadium catalyst. The raw materialsin the production of sulfuric acid (i.e., sulfur dioxide and vanadium catalyst) were produced onthe Site. Sulfur dioxide was produced by roasting pyrite, a mineral with a high iron sulfidecontent, in a k i ln west of and adjacent to the crusher building. "Cinders" generated by roastingthe pyrite were sold to iron foundries, used as inert fill material, or piled at the eastern side ofthe Site (USEPA, 2000; NUS, 1985). Ash generated by the kiln was historically stored on-sitcin a pile behind the ki ln. A pile of ash, along with other slag/ore material, is still present on theSite in the vicinity of the former kiln. Elemental sulfur was also burned to produce SO, gas foran unknown period of time after 1961. Use of elemental sulfur to produce SO, does notgenerate a solid waste. The vanadium catalyst, pelletized vanadium pentoxide (V2O,), was alsoproduced on site utilizing a proprietary technique producing no known solid waste streams.

While under the ownership of Downtown East, Inc. and a related business ventureknown as Downtown East Limited Partnership, the former plant area of the Site was leased to anumber of businesses and utilized for various activities. These activities reportedly includedammunition packaging, oil storage and other oil-related operations. Towards the end of thisperiod, Mr. Dwight Funk reportedly used the warehouse currently present in the former plant

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area as an automotive and/or heavy equipment repair facility. Between 1978 and 1988, thenorthern portion of" the original property (approximately 50 acres) was developed into ashopping area.

In a letter dated April 9, 1980, Mr. Huff reportedly informed the State of Virginia thathe was excavating and selling the "disposal area" and selling the material to cement plants. Mr.Huffs letter also reportedly stated that the material could not be moved when wet.

Sometime around 1993 or 1994, the "tailings pile" in the central portion of the Site, eastof the former plant area and west of the mall 's stormwater collection system, was graded,covered with six to 18 inches of site soil, limed and vegetated with crown vetch. The materialthat was covered was reportedly a fine, purple to black colored material. Honeywell and Mr.H.W. Huff made a verbal agreement that Mr. Huff would maintain the vegetation and the fencearound the site. In April 2001, vegetation was absent from the westernmost portion of thegraded area. Several small erosion channels have formed in this unvegetated area and draintowards the stormwater culvert to the south. A larger erosion channel is also present and runsdiagonally eastward towards the southern fence line.

In January 2000, Mr. Phillips performed demolition and grading activities in the formerplant area in preparation for development of a mini-storage facility. Parsons interviewed Mr.Phillips on the telephone and at the Site. Mr. Phill ips stated that there was no demolition workplan. He obtained a permit from the Town of Pulaski (dated 12/20/99) and hired CarterExcavating of Blacksburg, Virginia to conduct the work. He stated that to obtain thedemolition permit he informed the Town that he wanted to demolish buildings at the Site andhe filled out one form. Mr. Phillips stated that he was at the Site periodically during thedemolition activities. Heavy equipment was used to raze the buildings at the Site, with ihcexception of one warehouse building that Mr. Phillips was planning to renovate for storage.Hxplosives were used to demolish the kiln stack (Mr. Phillips was on-site for this task). A frontloader was used to move the demolition debris to a location between the concrete railroadtrusses on the north side of the former crusher building. The debris was covered with materialfrom the Site, including ash from the adjacent ash pile and topsoil.

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Mr. Phillips stated that any materials inside the buildings at the time of the demolitionwould have been included with the demolition debris. An asbestos survey was not performedand no special procedures were implemented for handling potential asbestos containingmaterials (ACM). Mr. Phillips stated that he has no knowledge of the open bags of insulationmaterials that the UAO describes as being stored in one of the buildings. He stated that he didnot have any reason to enter the buildings and so he has no knowledge of what may have beeninside them.

In addition to the building demolition, Mr. Phillips concurrently performed general sitehousekeeping and grading. All site debris was placed between the concrete railroad trusses;nothing was reportedly removed from the Site with the exception of scrap metal that was soldto a scrap dealer. He stopped work at the Site just prior to hydrosceding the ash piles when theTown of Pulaski revoked his permit at the request of EPA (revocation of permit dated 1/24/00).Mr. Phillips stated that he did not have an erosion control plan for this work at the Site as it wasnot requested until just prior to the permit being revoked (request dated 1/20/00). Mr. Phillipsstated that he has not conducted any further work at the Site.

Mr. David Carter of Carter Excavating was contacted via telephone to discuss the workperformed at the Site. Mr. Carter's statements reflected the general procedures described byMr. Phillips above. Carter Excavating obtained the explosives permit for the demolition of thekiln stack. Mr. Carter confirmed that there was no demolition work plan and that no specialprocedures were implemented for handling potential ACM. He stated that his company put alldebris in between the concrete railroad trusses on site. Parsons has been unsuccessful in furthernumerous attempts to reach Mr. Carter to discuss whether they observed the open bags ofinsulation materials during demolition activities.

3.2.4 Site Investigation History

The following section summarizes information included in the Administrative Recordfor the Site pertaining to previous site investigations. This information will be used indeveloping the field approach for the site characterization and therefore focuses on thoseaspects of the previous investigations that are related to the current objectives as stated insection 1.2 of this Work Plan. Figure 3-3 show:s the approximate locations of historical

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samples collected lor metals analyses. The locations are based on site sketches provided withthe reports described below and should be considered as general or approximate locations.Table 3.1 summarizes the lead concentrations reported for these samples.

A Site Inspection (SI) report dated March 25, 1985 was prepared by NUS Corporationfor EPA. The report notes the presence of two piles at the site, described as an unused pyriteore pile near the crusher building and a spent iron sulfide pile on the eastern portion of theproperty. The report notes that Mr. Huff was using the storage tanks to store fuel oil. Mr. Huffprovided the SI team with a brief tour of the Site and a description of historic operations. Thereport noted that some of the buildings were being rented to small businesses. Samples werecollected at the Site on December 1, 1983. These included aqueous and sediment samples fromPeak Creek (upstream and downstream of the Site) and a ponded area on top of the slag pile;solid samples from the ash pile, the crusher building, and beneath the storage tanks; and anaqueous sample from the box culvert near the center of the former plant area.

The following paragraphs include excerpts from the SI report regarding the findings andconclusions of the SI.

• The report identifies lead, cadmium, selenium, /.inc. iron, copper and manganeseat "elevated levels*1 in solid and/or aqueous samples collected on-site. However,the report concludes that "given the properties and concentrations of theseelements and the lack of people using groundwater and surface water forconsumption, there is not expected to be any imminent threat to human health".

• The report also states that releases to Peak Creek or off-site soils could not bedocumented and that the public drinking water supply, which is locatedupstream of the Site is not expected to be affected. The samples collected fromPeak Creek primarily had concentrations below detection limits. Thetoxicological evaluation describes water quality in Peak Creek, based on thesample results, as "rather pristine...with little or no evidence of contaminationby pollutants that may be present at this site".

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TABLE 3.1SUMMARY OF LEAD CONCENTRATIONS IN SAMPLES COLLECTED DURING

PREVIOUS SITE INVESTIGATIONS

ALLIED-PULASKI SITEPULASKI, VIRGINIA

Sampling Event/Sampling Date

EPA Site Inspection/December 1983

EPA Site Visit/June 1990

EPA Site Visit/October 1998

Sample Name

MC 1624MC 1625M C 2 I 0 4M C 2 I 0 5MC2I06MC2107MC2I08MC2109M C 2 1 1 0M C 2 I I IS-2S-3S-4S-5S-6S-7A-lA-2A-3SD-1W-lSD-2W-2SD-3W-3SD-4W-4SD-5W-5W-6''1

AS04AS05AS06AS07AS08AS09AS10AW01

Matrix

WaterSediment

WaterSediment

WaterSoil

WaterAshSoilSoilSoilSoilSoilSoilSoilSoilAshAshAsh

SedimentWater

SedimentWater

SedimentWater

SedimentWater

SedimentWaterWaterSoilSoilSoilSoilSoil

SedimentSediment

Water

Lead Concentration (ppm)

Not Detected150

0.0056 (qualified as questionable)100

0.254500.56017019028

751995143315

1080192141118

1650ND144ND602

0.15 total/0.06 dissolved128ND530NDND51967475011801250155250

0.0316

The location of sample W-6 is not shown in the June 28. 1990 memo.

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• The toxicological evaluation included in the report states that "adverse impactsto the off-site environment or risks to human health appear to be minimal, ifany" and may only result if an unusually heavy precipitation that transportedmetals into Peak Creek were to occur. The report describes the probability ofsuch an event as "'entirely speculative".

• The report states that hazards posed by direct exposure via skin contact orinhalation of dusts at the site are probably minimal and that no evidence ispresented to suggest that these exposures may be a matter of toxicologicalconcern.

• The report further notes that fire/explosive conditions were not known of orreported, and that population exposure/injury, damage to flora, damage to fauna,contamination of food chain, damage to off-site property, contamination ofsewers, storrn drains, wastewater treatment plants, and illegal or unauthori/cddumping were "not reported or expected".

According to the UAO, a February 22, 1990 memorandum from the Commonwealth ofVirginia identified eight metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, nickel, selenium, andzinc) that were detected in fish from Claytor Lake during a fish analysis study. According tothe UAO, these same metals were also found "at levels of concern" in sediments at the mouthof Peak Creek and Claytor Lake and on the Site properly. This memorandum is not included inthe Administrative Record.

A memorandum dated May 18, 1990 to EPA from the Region III Technical AssistanceTeam (TAT), Roy F. Weston, Inc., provides a description of a May 16, 1990 site visitconducted as part of preliminary site assessment- Mr. Huff provided the team with adescription of past site operations. The memo states that five abovcground tanks were presentat the site and Mr. Huff was in the process of dismantling them to be sold for scrap. The memoalso states that the western end of the site was being used for storage of lumber by New RiverForest Products. The memo states that the stormwater collection system was being constructedto divert runoff from the Pulaski Mall around the slag pile and that the Virginia Water ControlBoard and Mr. Huff had discussed the construction of a cement diversion barrier at the west end

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of the site. The team obtained pH readings from three culverts along the southern propertyboundary, all of which had a pH between 4 and 6.

A memorandum dated June 28, 1990 to EPA from the Region III TAT, Roy F. Weston,Inc., provides a description of a June 5, 1990 site visit. Aqueous samples, soil/slag samples,sediment samples, and ash samples were collected. Split samples were collected for Mr. Muffsconsultant. The aqueous samples were analyzed for total and dissolved target analyte list(TAL) metals and sulfides; sulfides were not detected in any of the samples. The soil/slag.sediment and ash samples were analyzed for TAL metals, Extraction Procedure (EP) Toxicitymetals, and reactivity (pH, flashpoint, reactive cyanide, and reactive sulfide). The report doesnot specify the analytical methods used. None of these samples had results exceedingregulatory limits for the EP Toxicity test or reactivity tests.

A memorandum dated July 27, 1990 prepared by the Agency for Toxic Substances andDisease Registry summarized a review of the results of the June 5. 1990 site visit. The memoconcludes that:

• the levels of lead detected in these samples do not pose an immediate healththreat to young children and the fetus;

• the other constituents detected also do not pose a concern for public health; and• the level of iron detected in samples could cause the red coloration of water but

that it is not a human health threat,

The memo did recommend that even though no threat was indicated based on the level of leadat the site, that action should be taken to prevent unnecessary exposure, particularly to youngchildren.

A trip report dated December 9, 1998 prepared by the Region III TAT, Roy F, \Vcston,Inc., includes a description of an October 13, 1998 sampling assessment of the site. Soil,sediment and aqueous samples were collected. Bulk samples of building materials from theformer machine shop next to the former furnace building and the former generatorbuilding/boiler house were also collected for analysis of asbestos. Two soil samples and one oilsample were analyzed for polychlorinatcd biphenyls (PCBs): five soil samples were analyzed

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for TAL metals; two sediment samples were analyzed for PCBs and TAL metals; and one watersample was analyzed for PCBs, TAL metals, and total sulfidcs. The team obtained a field pHreading in the location of the water sample and the sediment sample; the pH at these locationswas reported as "neutral". The asbestos analyses indicated greater than one percentconcentrations of asbestos minerals in five of the eight samples; the report does not identify thetype of material associated with these samples. The Administrative Record includes a letterprepared by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service which states that metals concentrations in thesesamples exceeded Biological Technical Assistance Group (BTAG) screening values for severalmetals. This comparison was apparently conducted as an initial evaluation of the potential forecological risk to aquatic organisms. These metals included aluminum, cadmium, chromium,copper, iron, lead, mercury, silver, and/or zinc. The screening values used are not provided inthe letter.

A report dated April 12, 1999 provides the results of a structural investigationconducted by Roy. F. Weston, Inc. for the USEPA. The objective of the structural investigationwas to identify portions of the buildings that could not be effectively decontaminated due to thecondition of the structure or to safety concerns regarding performance of decontaminationefforts. Asbestos containing roofing materials were identified on five of the eight buildingsinspected at the site, including the warehouse that is still present at the site. The reportidentifies structural problems with six of the eight buildings. The former machine shop and thewarehouse that currently remains at the site were classified as safe to perform thedecontamination procedures. The report recommended short-term solutions to structuralproblems at three of the other buildings and recommended demolition of the other threestructures (the former furnace building, the former contact building/large warehouse, and aformer oil house). The report recommended that the demolition include preparation of amaterial handling plan, asbestos management plan, spill response plan, dust control plan,monitoring and sampling plan and a health and safety plan. The report also recommended thata structural engineer be present during the demolition.

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3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

3.3.1 Geology, Soils and Hydrogcology

Available site-specific information pertaining to soil, geologic, and hydrogeologiccharacteristics, such as depth to bedrock, depth to groundwater, groundwater How, andpermeability, is limited. The Site is located in the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province ofVirginia. This province consists of closely spaced valleys and ridges that are directly related tothe folds in the underlying Paleozoic sequence of rocks. A nearly complete 4,000-meter thicksection of Cambrian through Pennsylvanian age sedimentary rocks is present in the Valley andRidge Province. According to the NUS Site Inspection Report (NUS, 1985), the Site isunderlain by the lilbrook Formation which consists of thick-bedded, blue-gray dolomiteinterspersed with blue-gray to white limestone; brown, green, and red shale; argillaceouslimestone; and brecciated limestone (colors range from mottled light- to dark-gray and yellow-brown). Sinkholes, solution channels, pinnacled surfaces, and springs are common to theHlbrook. This Formation ranges from 1,400 to 2,000 feet thick. The strike of bedding in theElbrook Formation is variable throughout the region. Most sinkholes in the area arc ovalshaped and elongated with respect to the strike of the bedding; they most likely representfractured or faulted zones within the underlying Hlbrook Formation.

The soils on the majority of the Site are mapped in the USDA Soil Conservation ServiceSoil Survey of Pulaski County (USDA, 1980) as urban land (i.e., the area is primarily coveredby buildings and impervious surfaces, such as roads, sidewalks, and parking lots, or the soilsare highly disturbed). The general mapping information in the Soil Survey includes the Site inthe Carbo-Lowell-Groseclose soil association. This soil association consists of moderatelydeep or deep undulating hilly soils that have a clayey subsoil and are formed in materialweathered from limestone and shale. The individual soil series are described below:

• Carbo soils are on rolling to steep side slopes commonly adjacent todrainageways. The soils are 20 to 40 inches deep to bedrock, do not have aseasonal high water table, and have a surface layer of dark yellowish brown siltyclay loam and a subsoil of strong brown clay. Carbo silty clay loams have aslow permeability and medium to rapid runoff, depending on slope. Availablewater holding capacity is low. The soils are slightly acidic to neutral in the

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surface layers. Natural fertility is high and the organic matter content ismoderately low.

• The Lowell soils are undulating to hilly and are on broad ridgetops and smooth,convex side slopes. The soils are more than 40 inches to bedrock, do not have aseasonal high water table within 6 feet of the surface, and have a dark yellowishbrown silt loam surface layer and a subsoil of strong brown and reddish yellowclay and silty clay. The surface layers range from very strongly acidic to slightlyacidic. Permeability is moderately slow and runoff is medium or rapid.Available water holding capacity is moderate. Natural fertility is high andorganic matter content is moderately low.

• The Groseclose soils arc undulating to hilly and are on smooth broad ridgetopsand side slopes. The soils are more than 48 inches deep to bedrock, do not havea seasonal high water table within 6 feet of the surface, and have a surface layerof dark yellowish brown silt loam and a subsoil of strong brown silty clay andclay. The soils are strongly acid or very strongly acid. Permeability is slow andrunoff is medium to rapid. Available water holding capacity is moderate.Natural fertility is low and organic matter content is moderately low.

The easternmost end of the site is mapped in the soil survey as Braddock loam with 7 to15 percent slopes. These soils are more than 60 inches to bedrock and do not have a seasonalhigh water table within 6 feet of the surface. The surface layer of these soils is typically a darkyellowish brown loam 7 inches thick. The subsoil is yellowish red and red clay. The soil inunlimed areas is naturally strongly acid or very strongly acid throughout. The permeability ofthe soil is moderate and surface runoff is medium or rapid. Available water holding capacity ismoderate. Natural fertility is low and organic matter content is moderately low.

Neither the United States Geological Survey topographic map (Pulaski. VirginiaQuadrangle, 1982) nor the USDA Soil Conservation Service Soil Survey map {USDA, 1980)identify springs, sinkholes, or natural surface water bodies at the Site.

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3.3.2 Site Hydrology and Stormwater Management

The Site is located on a stream terrace of Peak Creek, however, it is not within the 100-year flood plain according to the United States Geological Survey (NUS, 1985). Peak Creekflows east through the city of Pulaski and discharges into Claytor Lake, approximately 8 milesdownstream from the Site. The Pulaski Shopping Mall north of the Site is located on an upperstream terrace above the level of the Site.

Figure 3-1 shows the approximate locations of surface water drainage points from theSite. During a site visit on February 15, 2001, water was observed to be flowing from theshopping center stormwater system. Although it had rained over the past several days and wasraining lightly during the site visit, water was not observed to be (lowing at any other of thedrainage points; a small amount of standing water was present at some of these locations.

Three culverts that appear to channel surface water runoff from the site are locatedalong the southern boundary of the Site and are described below:

• The first culvert is located near the southwestern corner of the Site. Thislocation consists of an open drainage ditch. It receives water from anunderground pipe apparently coming from the 5-acrc portion of the Site, near thefenceline which separates it from the 27-acrc portion, and water conveyedwestward from a ditch between the Norfolk Southern Railroad tracks and thesouthern property boundary through a pipe under the existing railroad spur.

• The second culvert is located further to the east along the southern propertyboundary, south of the Pulaski Mall. This culvert conveys overland ilow underthe Norfolk Southern Railroad tracks.

• The third culvert along the southern property boundary is located near the end ofthe mall's stormwater collection system. This culvert consists of a drop boxcontaining four pipes. Two concrete pipes appear to transport flow from themall's stormwater collection system. One concrete pipe appears to transportoverland How from an open drainage ditch to the west. The fourth pipe is acorrugated metal pipe oriented toward the north-northeast. This pipe apparently

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conveys stormwater runoff from the Pulaski Shopping Mall. It appears fromhistorical maps and field observations that this pipe may also convey flow froman historical stream that has been channeled underground, beginning north of thesite at an unknown point. This presumption is based on historical maps showingan apparent stream beginning at a point north of Route 99 and following acourse in the direction of this culvert. A drop-in with an elevated concrete coveris located off of the southwestern corner of the Pulaski Shopping Mall. Thelocation of the drop-in is also in line with the stream shown on an historicalmap. During a recent site visit, flow was observed from this pipe and flow couldbe heard in the drop-in, although no flow was entering the drop-in from thesurface. No on-site source for this pipe could bo located in the field.

In addition to these culverts, an erosion channel as much as two to three feet deep hasformed in the east-central area of the site and drains to a ditch that runs parallel to the southernproperty boundary. It appears that this water drains eastward towards the third culvertdescribed above.

A small water-filled depression is present in the central portion of the Site, at the edgeof a wooded area and south of the Pulaski Mall. This water appears to the result ofprecipitation and runoff that has collected in a topographic depression.

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4. WORK PLAN TASK RATIONALE

4.1 INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this section is to summarize the rationale hehind the tasks selected toachieve the following site characterization objectives:

• Characterize the extent of lead in site soils;• Characterize the extent of selected metals in surface water runoff from the Site;• Hvaluate the demolition debris pile for the presence of garbage bags containing

piping insulation;• Evaluate potential removal action alternatives; and• Prepare a Removal Design/Removal Action Work Plan for the Site.

4.2 DATA NEEDS

In order to achieve the objectives stated above, various types of data are neeessary,including:

• Analytical data regarding the horizontal and vertical extent of leadconcentrations in site soils. These data are needed in order to estimate the areaand volume that may be subject to excavation, capping or other responseaction.

• Analytical data regarding metals concentration and pH of surface water runoff.• Information regarding the presence of the garbage bags containing piping

insulation materials in the pile of demolition debris located against theretaining walls for the former crusher building and railroad supports.

• Survey data including site topography, location of pile(s), location of surfacewater drainage locations, and sample locations. This data will be used todevelop an accurate site map, to identify and refine proposed samplinglocations, and to evaluate extent of contamination.

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4.3 TASK PLAN

Based on the site characterization objectives, the data needs identified above, sitehistory, and the results of previous sampling efforts as presented in the Administrative Record,a task plan has been developed to conduct the site characterization of the AHied-Pulaski Site.These tasks are described below. Further detail is provided in subsequent sections of this WorkPlan, as well as in the Field Sampling Plan (FSP) and Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP),which are provided as appendices.

Prior to conducting sampling activities at the site, a site survey will be completed todevelop an accurate site map. This map will be used in laying out the sampling locations,evaluating the data with regards to horizontal extent, and evaluating response actionalternatives. A private utility survey will be conducted at the site to identity the location ofsubsurface utilities. This is necessary to ensure the safety of site workers during theinvestigation and to ensure that these utilities are not damaged by site characterizationactivities.

In order to define the horizontal and vertical extent of lead in site soils, surface andsubsurface soil samples will be collected. Based on site history and the limited mobility of loadin soils, the majority of samples will be collected from the surface. Sample locations havebeen identified based on site history, results of previous investigations and physicalcharacteristics of the site. Sample locations may be modified or omitted depending on siteconditions (e.g., buildings or footprints of former buildings, presence of debris piles, etc.).Samples will not be collected from locations covered with concrete or asphalt. Subsurface soilsamples will be collected from a subset of the surface sampling locations. All soil samples willbe analyzed for lead.

Stormwater runoff samples will be collected from those locations where stormwalerleaves the site. These samples will be analyzed for lead and the eight additional metalsidentified in the UAO (aluminum, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, nickel, selenium andzinc).

IDW will be characterized for disposal (TCLP metals and corrosivity).

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Following receipt and evaluation of the data collected at the site, a site characterizationreport will be prepared. This report will summarize the site characterization activities andanalytical results. This report will also discuss the evaluation of potential response alternativesfor the Site.

PARSONS

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5. FIELD INVESTIGATION PROCEDURES

5.1 INTRODUCTION

This section provides the genera! procedures for performing the site characterizationfield investigation. Care will be taken during all site activities to limit damage to existingvegetation. Further detail is provided in the FSP and QAPP.

5.2 LAND SURVEYING

A topographic survey will be performed for the 32-acre site, '['he topographic surveywill include existing buildings, railroad tracks (inside and outside of the fence), concretetrusses, retaining walls, loading docks, culverts or drainage ditches, roads, demolition debrispiles and other pertinent site features. The majority of the Site will be surveyed using amaximum interval of five feet. The ash/slag pile will be surveyed using one to two fool contourintervals; this interval will be necessary if any grading is required for the ehosen responseaction. The topographic survey will be conducted prior to the initiation of sampling activitiesto provide an accurate map of current site conditions for use in laying out the samplinglocations. All sampling locations will be surveyed. This information will be used to develop amap(s) for the site characterization report.

Horizontal control for all survey work will be tied to Virginia State Plane CoordinateGrid, NAD 83 coordinate values and will have an accuracy of at least 0.1". Vertical controlwill be tied to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum and will have an accuracy of at least 0.01*.The surveyors will be under the direction of a surveyor licensed in Virginia, and will besupervised from a health and safety standpoint by trained Parsons personnel.

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5.3 PRIVATE UTILITY LOCATION

A private utility location contractor will identify the location of buried utilities at thesite prior to commencement of the field investigation. This will be in addition to contacting theMiss Utility locating service, which is only able to identify public utility locations. Based onsite observations, there is a high pressure gas line, a sewer line, and a water line adjacent to thesite. The location of buried utility lines on-site is not known definitively. It appears that thereare at least buried water line(s) at the site (as indicated by fire hydrants present in the formerplant area) and buried stormwater pipes. The location of utilities on-site must be known toensure the safety of field investigation personnel during subsurface sampling activities and toensure that the lines arc not damaged.

5.4 SOIL SAMPLING

Surface and subsurface soil samples will be collected to characterize the extent of leadin site soils. EPA has agreed that industrial standards will be the basis for evaluation of leaddata from the site as opposed to the residential standard cited in the UAO. Figure 5-1 illustratesthe proposed locations of surface soil samples. The proposed sampling locations were selectedbased on site history, results of previous investigations, physical characteristics of the site andthe objectives of the investigation. Samples will not be collected from the wooded area east ofthe mall's stormwater collection system. This area is heavily wooded and reportedly was notused during the plant's operation. Samples will be collected, however, from the unwoodcdportions east of the stormwater collection system.

Samples will not be collected at locations covered with concrete or debris (e.g.,footprints of former buildings, debris, etc.) or from the area used by Mr. Phillips to bury thedemolition debris (i.e., north of the former crusher building). Proposed locations may bemodified based on actual field conditions. Additional locations of potential interest may beadded in the field (e.g., drainage channels, areas that are observed to have stressed or absentvegetation but do not include a proposed sampling location, etc.). Surface soil samples will becollected using stainless steel spoons or trowels. The sampling equipment wil l bedecontaminated prior to sampling each location. Samples will be placed directly intolaboratory containers and shipped to an off-site laboratory for analysis.

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F I N A L

Subsurface soil samples will be collected from a subset of the grid locations utilizingGeoprobe® direct push technology to characterize the vertical extent of lead. Informationprovided to Parsons regarding subsurface conditions indicates that direct push techniques willbe adequate to advance subsurface borings at the Site. If conditions are encountered thairestrict the ability of the Geoprobe® to obtain the desired subsurface samples, a drill rig may berequired. The proposed boring locations are shown on Figure 5-1. These locations have beenselected based on the historical location of the ash and ore piles, results of previousinvestigations, the grading activities conducted on the ore pile in the early 1990"s, drainagepatterns, and visual observations. Generally, subsurface samples will be collected at four-footintervals until the native soil interface has been identified (the native soil interface will be at thesurface in those locations outside the boundaries of piled materials). Borings will be advancedeight feet into native soil, with soil samples collected at two. four and eight feet below thenative soil interface to delineate the extent of lead in native soils potentially caused by verticalmigration from the piles. The boring will be terminated if groundwater is encountered. TheField Sampling Plan (Appendix A) provides further detail on the approach for subsurfacesampling.

5.5 STORMWATER RUNOFF SAMPLING

Stormwater runoff samples will be collected to evaluate the presence of selected metals.Both total and dissolved metals will be evaluated. Samples will be collected from points thatinclude surface water runoff discharging from the Site to Peak Creek. Two sampling eventswill be conducted: one during base flow (if present) and one during or within 72 hours of astorm event. Sampling wi l l be attempted at the four locations identified on Figure 5-1. This

includes three engineered culverts along the southern property boundary and an erosion channelthat has formed along the southern property boundary on the eastern portion of the site. If nowater is present at a location, a sample will not be collected.

Various means will be used to collect the stormwater runoff samples, depending on theconditions encountered at each location. At all locations, the goal will be to collect the samplefrom flowing water and to minimize the disturbance of sediment during sample collection.This will ensure that the samples are representative of site runoff. One of the locations willrequire the use of a dipper to reach the water (the easternmost culvert along the southernproperty boundary near the discharge for the shopping center's stormwater collection system).

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The culvert near the shopping center's stormwater collection system discharge appears tocombine stormwater from the shopping center with runoff from the Site. Care will be taken tocollect a sample representative of runoff from the Site only, if possible. At those locationswhere a dipper is not necessary, the water sample will he collected directly into the appropriatecontainer. For the total metals analyses, this will be the preserved laboratory sample container;care will be taken so as not to spill any preservative from the sample container. For thedissolved metals analyses, the sample will be collected in an unpreserved laboratory container,field filtered through a 0.45 j^m filter, and then placed into the preserved laboratory samplecontainer.

Field measurements of pH, conductivity and temperature will be made at eachstormwater runoff sampling location. Stormwater runoff samples will be analysed by thelaboratory for total and dissolved aluminum, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, nickel,selenium and zinc. These metals were identified in the UAO as a potential concern in siterunoff.

5.6 DEMOLITION DEBRIS EXPLORATION TEST PITS

The current owner piled demolition debris against the retaining walls and railroadsupports that were part of the former crusher building. This pile potentially contains garbagebags of insulation material that was reportedly present in one of the demolished buildings. Testpits will be excavated in the demolition debris pile in an effort to determine whether thegarbage bags are included in the pile. Mr. Phillips has stated that, with the exception of metalscrap that was sold to a scrap dealer, he placed all the debris generated from the demolition ofthe former site buildings in this location. Mr. Phillips further stated that he does not know ifthese garbage bags were still in one of the site buildings when he had the buildings demolishedbut if they were he has stated the garbage bags would then be in the pile with the demolitiondebris.

The exploratory test pits will be excavated using a track hoe. The debris pile and thetest pits will be wetted down to prevent the potential release of any friable asbestos material.All excavated material will be replaced in the test pit and the test pit will be recovered with soil.IZPA will be notified if the garbage bags are identified in the pile. HPA has agreed that

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Honey well's involvement in the ACM issue will terminate at the completion of this exploratorytest pit exercise.

5.7 INVESTIGATION DERIVED WASTE

Decontamination fluids will be stored in DOT approved 55-gallon drums on-site duringthe field investigation. Representative samples will be collected and characterized for disposalby analyzing TCLP metals and corrosivity. The results of these analyses will be used todetermine appropriate disposal of the decontamination fluids. Subsurface soil cuttings that arenot selected for sampling will be replaced down the boring hole.

5.8 ANALYTICAL METHODS AND PARAMETERS

All soil samples will be analyzed for lead via SW-846 Method 7420. This method isamenable to the analysis of one metal.

Stormwater runoff samples will be analyzed for lead via SW-846 Method 7420 andaluminum, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, nickel, selenium, and zinc via SW-846 Method6010, which is appropriate for the analysis of multiple metals in a single sample.

Decontamination water will be analyzed for TCLP Metals via SW-846 Method 6010and corrosivity via SW-846 Method 9045C.

Details regarding these analytical methods are provided in the QAPP (Appendix B).

5.9 FIELD QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL (QA/QC)

Four types of field QC samples will be collected: field duplicates, equipment blanks,field blanks, and matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate (MS/MSD) samples, QA/QC samplingrequirements and instrument calibration procedures arc presented in the QAPP (Appendix B).Project reporting limits for individual analytes are presented in Section 3 of the QAPP.

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5.10 EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES

All equipment that comes in contact with potentially-contaminated media (groundwaterand soil) will be decontaminated upon arrival at the site, between each sample, and prior todemobilization from the site. Disposable equipment such as Geoprobe® liners will not bedecontaminated and will be discarded after first use. Sampling implements will bedecontaminated with potable water, Alconox soap, nitric acid, a scrub brush and a rinse withdeionized water. Specific decontamination procedures are presented in the FSP (Appendix A).

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6. REFERENCES

Department of Health and Human Services, 1990. Health Consultation Memorandum, FormerAllied Chemical Site, Pulaski, Pulaski County, Virginia.

NUS Corporation Superfund Division, "A Preliminary Assessment for Allied Corporation,"Allied-Pulaski Site, Pulaski, VA, July 15, 1983.

NUS Corporation Superfund Division, "A Site Inspection for Allied Corporation," Allied-Pulaski Site, Pulaski, VA, March 25, 1985.

Parsons Engineering Science, Inc., 2000. Response Action Plan, January 2001 withmodifications in February 2001. Prepared for Honey well International, Inc.

Roy F. Weston, Inc., 1990a. Preliminary Site Assessment Trip Report for the Allied-PulaskiSite, Pulaski, Pulaski County, Virginia. May 18, 1990. Prepared for USEPA.

Roy F. Weston, Inc., 1990b. Sampling Assessment Trip Report for the Allied-Pulaski Site,Pulaski. Pulaski County, Virginia. June 28. 1990. Prepared for USEPA.

Roy F. Weston, Inc., 1998. Trip Report for the Allied-Pulaski Site, Pulaski, Pulaski County.Virginia. December 9, 1998. Prepared for USEPA.

Roy F. Weston, Inc., 1999. Structural Investigation Report for the Allied-Pulaski Site, Pulaski,Pulaski County, Virginia. April 12, 1999. Prepared for USEPA.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, "Soil Survey of Pulaski County, Virginia," 1980.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, OSWER 9360.4-01. "Quality Assurance/QualityControl Guidance for Removal Activities-Sampling QA/QC Plan and Data ValidationProcedures Interim Final," April 1990.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Unilateral Administrative Order," Allied-Pulaski Site,Pulaski, VA, September 28, 2000.

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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1999. Letter to Jeffrey Tuttle. USEPA, from Karen L. Mayne,USFWS regarding December 9, 1998 sampling results from the Allied-Pulaski Site.

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APPENDIX A

FIELD SAMPLING PLAN

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APPENDIX AFIELD SAMPLING PLAN

SITE CHARACTERIZATION WORK PLANALLIED-PULASKI SITE

PULASKI, VIRGINIA

PREPARED FOR:

HONEYWELL101 COLUMBIA ROAD

MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY

PREPARED BY:

PARSONS10521 ROSEHAVEN STREETFAIRFAX, VIRGINIA 22030

SUBMITTED TO:

USEPA, REGION III1650 ARCH STREETPHILADELPHIA, PA

JANUARY 2002

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FINALFIELD SAMPLING PLAN

ALLIED-PULASKI SITEPULASKI, VIRGINIA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

. INTRODUCTION.

9. INVESTIGATIVE METHODS AND SAMPLING PROCEDURES.... .............. ....................

2.12.22.32.42.5

2.62.72.8

2.92.10

3. SAMPLE

3.13.23.3

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................GENERAL FIELD GUIDELINES ...................................................................SAMPLE LOCATIONS................................................................................SURFACE SOIL SAMPLING ........................................................................SUBSURFACE SOIL SAMPLING..................................................................

2.5.1 GENERAL .................................................................................2.5.2 SAMPLING LOCATIONS............................................................2.5.3 SAMPLING PROCEDURES......... .................................................

STORMWATER RUNOFF SAMPLING ............................................................DEMOLITION DHBR1S EXPLORATION TEST PITS ......................................QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLES (Q A/OC) ..................

2.8.1 FIELD DUPLICATE SAMPLES.....................................................2.8.2 FIELD BLANK SAMPLES.............................................................2.8.3 EQUIPMENT BLANK SAMPLLS ...................................................2.8.4 MA FR1X SPIKES/MATRIX SPIKE DUPLICATES .............................

COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF IDW SAMPLES..........................................FIELD SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION ................................................................

HANDLING AND SHIPPING ........................................................................

SAMPLE PRESERVATION, PACKING, AND SHIPMENT ..................................SAMPLF I ABFl SSAMPLE CUSTODY ...................................................................................

3.3.1 LABORATORY CUSTODY PROCEDURES ....................................

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4. FIELD DOCUMENTATION ............................................................................................................4-1

4.1 FIELD LOGBOOKS ............................4.2 CORRECTIONS TO DOCUMENTATION

5. DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES .............................................................................................5-1

5.1 GEOPROBK® EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.2 SAMPLING AND MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION ...............................

6. REFERENCES

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LIST OF TABLES

PAGE

TABLR2.1 SUMMARY OF THE SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PROGRAM.. ......................................... .2-6TABLE 5.1 PROCEDURES FOR SAMPLING EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION............. .................... .5-2

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 2-1 PROPOSED SAMPLING LOCATIONS .............................................................................2-3FIGURE 2-2 SOIL BORING LOG ......................................................................................................2-8FIGURE 2-3 SUBSURFACE SAMPLING STRATEGY......................................................................... 2- 10

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ACRONYM LIST

ACMATSDRBTAGCERCLACFRCOCDAB'1'DEQDOTDP'1EPEPAFSPHASP1DWMSMSDNCPNOVO&M

PCBsPEPGPMPRPQA/QCQAMSQAPPRAPRD/RASISOPTAL

Asbestos Containing MaterialAgency for Toxic Disease RegistryBiological Technical Assistance GroupComprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability ActCode of Federal RegulationsChain of CustodyDiplomat. American Board of ToxicologyDepartment of Environmental QualityDepartment of TransportationDirect Push TechnologyExtraction ProcedureEnvironmental Protection AgencyField Sampling PlanHealth and Safety PlanInvestigation Derived WasteMatrix SpikeMatrix Spike DuplicateNational Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency PlanNotice of ViolationOperations and MaintenancePolychlorinated BiphenylsProfessional EngineerProfessional GeologistProject ManagerPotentially Responsible PartyQuality Assurance/Quality ControlQuality Assurance Management StaffQuality Assurance Project PlanResponse Action PlanRemedial Design/Remedial ActionSite InspectionStandard Operating ProcedureTarget Analyte List

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TAT Technical Assistance TeamTCLP Toxicity Characteristics Leaching ProcedureUAO Unilateral Administrative OrderUSDA United States Department of AgricultureVDEQ Virginia Department of Environmental Quality

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1. INTRODUCTION

This Field Sampling Plan (FSP) defines the sample and data collection methods to heused during the Site Characterization for the Allied-Pulaski Site (Site) in Pulaski, Virginia. TheFSP will be used by all personnel performing the field work. A copy of the FSP will be madeavailable to each member of the field team.

1.1 SAMPLING OBJECTIVES

The objectives of the field sampling aetivities are to:

• Characterize the extent of lead in site soils;

• Characterize the extent of selected metals in surface water runoff from the Site;

• Evaluate the demolition debris pile for the presence of garbage bags containingpiping insulation;

• Evaluate potential removal action alternatives; and

• Prepare a Removal Design/Removal Action Work Plan for the Site.

This FSP is an appendix to the Work Plan and prescribes the procedures for the fieldactivities to be conducted at the Allied-Pulaski Site to achieve these objectives.

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2. INVESTIGATIVE METHODS AND SAMPLING PROCEDURES

2.1 INTRODUCTION

This section describes the protocols and sampling procedures that will be followedduring field sampling efforts. The field investigation for the Allied-Pulaski Site will includecollection of surface and subsurface soil samples, stormwater runoff samples, and QA/QCsamples.

2.2 GENERAL FIELD GUIDELINES

Care will be taken during all field activities to avoid damage to existing vegetation atthe site. The field team will photograph site characterization activities. The following is ageneral list of equipment necessary for field activities:

• Appropriate sample containers (see Section 4 of the QAPP);

• Chain-of-Custody (COC) seals and record forms;

• Field sample record forms;

• Logbook and indelible ink markers;

• Phosphate-free decontamination soaps {such as Alconox'y). reagent-grade solvents, anddeionized, organic-free water to be used for decontaminating equipment betweensampling stations;

• Buckets, plastic wash basins, plastic drop cloths, and scrub brushes to be used fordecontaminating equipment;

• Camera and film for use in documenting sampling procedures and sample locations;

• Shipping labels and forms;

• Bubble wrap or other packing/shipping material for sample bottles;

• Strapping tape;

• Coolers;

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• Resealable plastic bags;

• Portable field instruments, including a pH/temperaturc meter and a conductivity meter;

• Sampling Equipment, including stainless steel spoons and trowels, dipper for surfacewater sampling, and a plastic beaker for surface water field measurements;

• Health and safety equipment, including hydration fluids;

• Calibration standards for all monitoring devices and parameters; and

• High quality blank water.

2.3 SAMPLE LOCATIONS

The surveyor will lay out the soil sampling locations as shown on Figure 2-1 usingcoordinates from the Geographic Information System (GIS) developed for the Site. Samplelocations will be marked with survey flags labeled with the location identification number. Theteam will mark the points in stages, only covering an area that can reasonably be sampled onthe same day. If a sampling location is modified or added based on actual field conditions,fluorescent spray paint will be used after completion of sampling to mark the location for thesurveyors to locate. In this manner, all sampling locations can be accurately located on the sitemap.

2.4 SURFACE SOIL SAMPLING

Surface soil samples will be collected from 0 to 6 inches below the surface usingdecontaminated stainless steel trowels or spoons. The sample will be collected directly into theappropriate laboratory sample container, taking care to limit vegetative cover and rocks in thesample. The field team will include a description of the sampling location and the materialsampled at each location in the field notebook. All surface soil samples will be analyzed forlead.

Table 2.1 summarizes the number of each type of sample, the number of associated QCsamples, and the analysis requirements.

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2.5 SUBSURFACE SOIL SAMPLING

2.5.1 General

A truck or track mounted vehicle equipped with Geoprobe® direct push technology(DPT) will be utilized to advance the soil borings at the Allied-Pulaski Site. Sampling probesand rods are constructed of hardened steel. A hydraulic hammer is used where necessary toassist in driving probes through tight soils. Samples will not be collected from locationscovered with concrete or asphalt. Information provided to Parsons regarding subsurfaceconditions indicates that direct push techniques will be adequate to advance subsurface boringsat the Site. If conditions are encountered that restrict the ability of the Geoprobe® to obtain thedesired subsurface samples, a drill rig may be required.

DPT will be used to advance a 2-inch diameter sampler containing a disposable 4-foollong butylene liner to the desired sampling depth. Once the desired sampling depth is attained,the drive point of the sampler will be advanced approximately 4 feet until filled with soil. Thesampler will be retracted to the surface, the liner removed and cut. and samples taken at theappropriate intervals. Each soil sample interval will be logged for lithology on the form shownin Figure 2-2.

2.5.2 Sampling Locations

Subsurface sampling locations are shown in Figure 2-1. The selected locations arebased on the historical locations of the piles as well as observed drainage patterns that mayhave transported material away from the piles. These locations may be modified based on thesite survey and/or actual field conditions.

2.5.3 Sampling Procedures

Subsurface samples will be collected at four-foot intervals until the native soil interfacehas been identified (in those locations outside the boundaries of piled materials, the native soilinterface will be at the surface). If the interface is encountered greater than two feet but lessthan four feet below the depth of a previous sample (including surface soil samples), a samplewill be collected just above the interface. If it appears thai the material is not homogenous

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ P A R S O N S

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No

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2'

3'

4-

5-

6-

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ContractorDrillerDrilling MethodRig Type

Hole SizeWeatherDate/Time StartDate/Time Finish

PARSONS ENGINEERING SCIENCE

Figure 2-2. Soil Boring Log

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throughout the pile, additional samples may be collected to characterize each type of materialpresent. Once the native soil interface is encountered, the boring will be further advanced intonative soil to a depth of eight feet below the interface. Soil samples will be collected at two,four and eight feet below the interface. Figure 2-3 illustrates this sampling approach. Theboring will be terminated if groundwater is encountered.

All subsurface samples will be analyzed for lead. Material not selected for sampling willbe replaced in the hole.

2.6 STORMWATER RUNOFF SAMPLING

Stormwater runoff samples will be collected from the four locations shown on Figure 2-1. These samples will be analyzed for total and dissolved aluminum, cadmium, chromium,copper, iron, lead, nickel, selenium and zinc. Two sampling events will be conducted: oneduring base flow (if present) and one during or within 72 hours of a storm event.

If necessary, a decontaminated dipper will be used to collect the stormwater runoffsamples. Otherwise the sample will be collected directly into the appropriate container bydipping the container into the water. Care will be taken not to disturb any sediment in thedrainage channel/culvert during collection of the samples. The sample for total metals will beplaced directly into preserved laboratory sample containers. The sample for dissolved metalswill he placed in an unprcservcd container, field filtered using a 0.45 urn filter and then placedinto the preserved laboratory container. A sample will be collected into a decontaminatedbeaker for measurement of pH, temperature, and conductivity in the field.

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( J R O I I N D S I RFACF,

NATIV1' SOU I N l l i K F A C

Subsurface Sample (4 feet hdov. surface) Subsurface Sample (4 feel hclmv interface)

Figure 2-3. Subsurface Sampling Strategy

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2.7 DEMOLITION DEBRIS EXPLORATION TEST PITS

Exploration test pits will be excavated in the demolition debris pile in an effort todetermine whether the garbage bags containing piping insulation are included in the pile. Atrack hoe will be used to excavate the test pits in the debris pile. The debris pile and the testpits will be wetted down with water throughout the test pit investigation as necessary to preventthe potential release of any friable asbestos material. As the material is excavated from the pileit will be temporarily placed to the side on plastic sheeting. A reasonable attempt will be madeto excavate and remove the soil cover over each test pit separately from the debris. Once a testpit is complete, the excavated material will be replaced into the pit and recovered with the soilcover.

If the garbage bags arc identified in the pile, the bags wi l l be photographed and theirlocation will be noted. Once the bags are photographed, the excavation will be backfilled withthe removed material and EPA will be notified. The bags will remain exposed for only theminimum amount of time necessary to take photographs. No samples will be collected fromthe debris pile. EPA has agreed that Honeywell's involvement in the ACM issue will terminateat the completion of this exploratory test pit exercise.

2.8 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLES (QA/QC)

During the sampling effort, QA/QC samples must be collected and submitted lorlaboratory analysis as shown in Table 2.1. For this field investigation, four types of field QCsamples will be collected: field duplicate samples, field blank samples, equipment blanksamples, and matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate (MS/MSD) samples.

2.8.1 Field Duplicate Samples

Duplicate samples are submitted to the laboratory for the purpose of assessinglaboratory precision. Field duplicates will be identified so that laboratory personnel are unableto distinguish them from normal samples. Field duplicates will be collected at a frequency of10% of the total number of samples per matrix for each analytical method. The duplicatesamples will be analyzed for the same parameters as the corresponding primary samples.

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2.8.2 Field Blank Samples

Field blank samples will be submitted to the laboratory for the purposes of assessing thepotential of cross contamination of the samples as a result of field conditions. One field blanksample will be collected for each analytical method. Field blank samples will be analyzed forthe same parameters as the corresponding primary samples. The field blanks will be deionized,distilled water for aqueous samples and a purified solid matrix for soil samples. The blankswill be collected during sampling activities.

2.8.3 Equipment Blank Samples

Equipment blank samples are collected to detect contamination of environmentalsamples due to the sampling equipment used. Equipment blanks will be collected at afrequency of 10% of the total number of samples per matrix for each analytical method. Theanalysis of these blanks serves to verify the cleanliness of the sampling equipment. Equipmentblanks will be analyzed for the same parameters as the corresponding primary samples.

The equipment blanks for stormwater runoff sampling activities will be collected bypouring deionized, distilled water into the decontaminated dipper. The sample for total metalsanalysis will be placed directly into the prepreserved laboratory container. The sample fordissolved metals analysis will be placed in an unpreserved laboratory container, filtered andthen placed into a preserved sampling container.

The equipment blanks for surface soil sampling activities will be collected by pouring apurified solid matrix (i.e., clean sand provided by the laboratory) over a decontaminatedsampling trowel and placing the sand in the appropriate laboratory container. The equipmentblanks for subsurface soil sampling activities will be collected by pouring the purified solidmatrix through an unused Geoprobe® butylene liner and placing the sand into the appropriatelaboratory container.

2.8.4 Matrix Spikes/Matrix Spike Duplicates

For internal laboratory control, analysis of matrix spike (MS) and matrix spikeduplicates (MSDs) will be performed, MS/MSD samples will be collected for one sample outof every group of 20. Lab matrix spike samples are designed to check the accuracy of the

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analytical procedures by analyzing a normal sample with a known amount of analytc added inthe lab. Lab matrix spike duplicates are the second of a pair of lab matrix spike samples. Thematrix spike duplicates are designed to check the precision and accuracy of analyticalprocedures by analyzing a normal sample with an amount of analyte added. MS/MSD samplesare discussed in greater detail in Section 8 of the QAPP in Appendix B.

2.9 COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF IDW SAMPLES

Decontamination water will be containeri/ed in DOT approved 55-galIon drums. Acomposite sample of this IDW will be collected for analysis of disposal parameters (TOLPmetals and corrosivity). No field QC samples are associated with IDW samples.

2.10 FIELD SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION

A sample numbering system will be used to identify each sample collected during thefield investigation and for all blank samples. The numbering system will be a trackingmechanism to allow retrieval of information about a particular location and to ensure that eachsample is uniquely numbered. A listing of sample numbers will be maintained by the fieldteam leader. There will be an alphanumeric identification code unique to each samplinglocation. Field blanks and equipment blanks will also be identified using an alphanumericcode. The sample nomenclature for this project is summari/ed in Section 4.4.2 of the QAPP(Appendix B).

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3. SAMPLE HANDLING AND SHIPPING

Procedures for handling and shipping of soil and groundwater samples are detailed inthe following subsections. Tables 4.1 and 4.2 of the QAPP (Appendix B) outline the samplecontainerization, preservation, and holding time requirements.

3.1 SAMPLE PRESERVATION, PACKING, AND SHIPMENT

Samples will be preserved according to Tables 4.1 and 4.2 of the QAPP (Appendix B).Samples will be packed and shipped according to the procedures specified in Section 4.4.4 ofthe QAPP (Appendix B).

3.2 SAMPLE LABELS

Samples will be labeled according to the procedures specified in Section 4.4.1 of theQAPP (Appendix B).

3.3 SAMPLE CUSTODY

All samples will be accompanied by a chain-of-custody (COC) record. A COO recordwill accompany the sample during shipment to the laboratory and through the laboratory. TheField Team Leader will maintain and provide a copy of each COC record to the Parsons PM.

The information provided on the COC record will include:

• The project name;

• The signature of the samplers;

• The sampling station number or sample number;

• Date and time of collection;

• Sample designation;

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• Signature of individuals involved in the sample transfer;

• The time and date they received the sample;

• The analytical methods required; and

• The number of containers of each sample.

COC records initiated in the field shall be placed in the shipping containers used forsample transport from the field to the laboratory. This record will he used to document samplecustody transfer from the field sampler to the laboratory.

3.3.1 Laboratory Custody Procedures

Laboratory custody procedures arc specified in Section 5.3.1 of the QAPP (Appendix

B).

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4. FIELD DOCUMENTATION

This section describes the records of field operations that will be maintained by fieldpersonnel. Also described below are the methods used to correct documents. The field teamwill also photograph site characterization activities.

4.1 FIELD LOGBOOKS

The Parsons PM or designee will control all field logbooks. Bach field logbook willreceive a seriali/.cd number and be issued to the field team leader. Field logbooks will bemaintained by the field team leader and other team members to provide a daily record ofsignificant events, observations, and measurements during the field investigation. All entrieswill be signed and dated.

All information (except drill logs, COC forms, and O&M checklists) pertinent to fieldsurvey and/or sampling activities will be recorded in the logbooks. The books will be boundwith consecutively numbered pages. Entries in the logbook will include, at a minimum, thefollowing information:

• Weather and site conditions;

• Description of field activities;

• Descriptions of notable events, conversations and field decisions;

• List of personnel on-site;

• Field equipment calibration data;

• Sample type and sampling method;

• Location and depth of sample;

• Sample identification number;

• Sample description (e.g., color, odor, clarity);

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• Amount of sample; and

• Identification of sampling device and conditions that might affect the representativenessof a sample {e.g., refueling operations, damaged casing).

Any deviations from established procedures will he documented in the field logbookwith the date, time, reason for deviation, and measures to correct the problem identified.Decontamination and health and safety procedures shall also be documented in the fieldlogbooks.

4.2 CORRECTIONS TO DOCUMENTATION

All original data recorded in field logbooks, sample labels, and COC records will hewritten with waterproof ink. None of these accountable seriali/ed documents will be destroyedor thrown away, even if they are damaged or contain inaccuracies. If an error is made on anaccountable document assigned to one individual, that individual will make all correctionssimply by crossing a line through the error and entering the correct information. The erroneousinformation will not be erased. Any subsequent error discovered on an accountable documentwil l be corrected by the person who made the entry. All subsequent corrections will beinitialed and dated.

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5. DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES

5.1 GEOPROBE® EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION

The butylene liners used in the Geoprobe® for sample collection are used only once andthen discarded. Nondedicated Geoprobe® sampling equipment will be cleaned between eachborehole with potable water and Alconox detergent. Direct contact with the ground will heavoided. Decontamination wash water will be containerized in DOT approved 55-gallondrums.

5.2 SAMPLING AND MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION

All non-dedicated sampling and measurement equipment will be decontaminated asspecified in Table 5.1. Sampling and measurement equipment shall be decontaminated beforeeach use and at the end of the day. At no time wil l washed equipment be placed directly on theground.

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TABLE 5.1PROCEDURES FOR SAMPLING EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION

ALLIED-PULASKI SITEPULASKI, VIRGINIA

1. Prior to work at any site, all equipment must be properly cleaned.

2. Where required to remove oil and grease, steam cleaning will he done prior to thecleaning procedures described below.

3. The following procedures shall he followed for cleaning equipment before work at anew sampling location:

A. Rinse with potable water.

B. Wash with phosphate-free detergent.

C. Rinse with potable water.

D. Rinse with 10% nitric acid.

E. Rinse with deionized water.

F. Allow to air dry.

G. Wrap in aluminum foil to protect from contamination in between samplinglocations.

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6. REFERENCES

Department of Health and Human Services, 1990. Health Consultation Memorandum, FormerAllied Chemical Site, Pulaski, Pulaski County, Virginia.

NUS Corporation Superfund Division. "A Preliminary Assessment tor Allied Corporation,"Allied-Pulaski Site, Pulaski, VA. July 15, 1983.

NUS Corporation Superlund Division, "A Site Inspection for Allied Corporation," Allied-Pulaski Site. Pulaski, VA, March 25, 1985.

Parsons Engineering Science, Inc., 2000. Response Action Plan, January 2001 withmodifications in February 2001. Prepared for Honeywell International. Inc.

Roy F. Weston, Inc., 1990a. Preliminary Site Assessment Trip Report for the Allied-PulaskiSite, Pulaski, Pulaski County, Virginia. May 18, 1990. Prepared for USEPA.

Roy F. Weston, Inc., 1990b. Sampling Assessment Trip Report for the Allied-Pulaski Site,Pulaski, Pulaski County, Virginia. June 28, 1990. Prepared for USEPA.

Roy F. Weston, Inc., 1998. Trip Report for the Allied-Pulaski Site, Pulaski, Pulaski County,Virginia. December 9, 1998. Prepared for USEPA.

Roy F. Weston, Inc., 1999. Structural Investigation Report for the Allied-Pulaski Site, Pulaski,Pulaski County, Virginia. April 12, 1999. Prepared for USEPA.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, "Soil Survey of Pulaski County. Virginia." 1980.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, OSWER 9360.4-01, "Quality Assurance/QualityControl Guidance for Removal Activities-Sampling QA/QC Plan and Data ValidationProcedures Interim Final," April 1990.

U.S. F^nvironmental Protection Agency, "Unilateral Administrative Order," Allied-Pulaski Site,Pulaski, VA, September 28, 2000.

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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1999. Letter to Jeffrey Turtle, USEPA, from Karen L. Maync.USFWS regarding December 9, 1998 sampling results from the Allied-Pulaski Site.

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APPENDIX B

QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN

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APPENDIX BQUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN

SITE CHARACTERIZATION WORK PLANALLIED-PULASKI SITE

PULASKI, VIRGINIA

PREPARED FOR:HONEYWELL

101 COLUMBIA ROADMORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY

PREPARED BY:PARSONS

10521 ROSEHAVEN STREETFAIRFAX, VIRGINIA 22030

SUBMITTED TO:USEPA, REGION HI1650 ARCH STREETPHILADELPHIA, PA

JANUARY 2002

APPROVED BY:

Sarah L, MeyersProject Manager

David Y. RadioProject QA/QC Officer

Lab Project Manager

(Signature)

(Signature)

(Date)

(Date)

(Date)

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Final Allied-Pulaski QAPPTable of Contents

Revision t)January 2002

FINALQUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN

ALLIED-PULASKI SITEPULASKI, VIRGINIA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PageACRONYM LIST .......................................................

1. INTRODUCTION..........................................^ t-I

1 . 1 1N11U)D1IC1K)N.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 11.2 PROJI -XTOBJl -CMVE AND SCOPI- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21.3 FACILITY BACKGROUND INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

2. PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITY...................................................................... 2-1

3. QUALITY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVES FOR MEASUREMENT DATA......................................... 3-1

3.1 DATA QUALITY O»JI;CTIVI-:S ................................................................................................................... 3- 13.2 PROJECT QA OBJix-nvi-S. . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2

3.2. 1 Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33.2.2 Precision ......................................................................................................................................... 3-53. 2. 3 Completeness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-63.2.4 Comparability.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ~ "3.2.5 Representativeness .............. ... ................................................................ ............ ....... ...... ... . 3-"

4. SAMPLING PR()CEDURES.................................................................,............-................................-......4-1

4.1 RQIHI'MI N'l DlX'ONlAMINATION4.2 WAST1vHANDI. lN(i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4- l4.3 SAMR.I- CCM.IJXTION .............................................................................................................................. 4-14.4 SAMI'!.I; HANDLING AND SlIII'PINti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

4.4.1 Sample Labels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 34. 4. 2 Field Sample Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..... .. 4-44. 4. 3 Sample Containment and Preservation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-54. 4. 4 Sample Packaging and Shipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

SAMPLE CUSTODY................................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.1 SAMPl.LCllAlN-OI -ClISlODY.................................................................................................................. 5-151.1 Sample Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 -15. 1 .2 Chain-of-Cusiody Forms......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15.1.3 Sample Custody in the Field ....................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

5.2 TRANSFER 01- CUSTODY AND SIHPMI-NT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-45.3 LABORATORY OPLIRATIONS .................................................................................................................... 5-4

5. 3. 1 Laboratory Custody Procedures ............................................. ..... ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-45. 3. 2 Laboratory Sample Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-65. 3. 3 Sample (. 'ustody Records.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

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5-4 DOCUMENTATION.............................5.4.1 Fk'ld Logbook.. ........................5.4.2 Corrections to ttocnmentatuin.5. 4. 3 Final Evidence Files ................5.4.6 RecordControl............. . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-7

5-85-8

6. CALIBRATION PROCEDURES AND FREQUENCY ......................................................................... 6-1

6.1 CALIBRATION Mi-nioos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16.2 FIELD MLASUKLMI-NLS ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-1

6.2. 1 Equipment Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 -16. 2. 2 Field Duplicate Measurements ...................................................................................................... 6- 1

7. ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES................................................................................................................ 7-1

7.1 LABORATORY MLTIIODS ........................................................................................................................ 7-17.2 IDENTIFICATION oi; MI-THODS ...............................................................................................................7'!

7.2.2 SW-846 Method 7420........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~-l7.2.3 SW-846 Method 6010...................... ............................... ... ....................... . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . "-/7 2 . 3 SW-846 Method 9045C..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ - 2

7.3 DIRECTION AND QUANTITAHON LIMITS............................................................................................... 7-27.3.I Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 27. 3 . 2 Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — . .. . . . . . . — . . — . . . . . . . . . — . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — . . . . . . — — . . . . . — — - . - . . . . - - -3

8. INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS ..................................................................................... 8-1

8.1 INTERNAL F l l - . I . I ) QllAl 1TV C O N I R O 1 . CHECKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18.1.1 FiddQCSamples.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 1

8.2 INTERNAL I .AIIORA'VORY QC CHI-X'RS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2Method lilunk....................................Lah Replicates. .......................... . . . . . .Matrix Spike'Matrix Spike- DuplicateLaboratory C 'onirol Sample*..... .......Surrogate Spike Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DATA REDUCTION, VALIDATION, AND REPORTINC;.

9.1 LABORATORY DATA Ri-;m)cnoN...,..,..,...............................................,.....-......................,...........,........0-l9. /./ Review of Laboratory Data....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-/9.1.2 Laboratory Data Validation and Reporting................. ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-391.3 Parsons Data Validation and Reporting.......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6

9.2 DATA QDAL1HLRS ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-79.2. ! Inorganic Data Validation Qualifiers........... . . . . . . . . . ..... .... .. ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . (>-~

10. PERFORMANCE AND SYSTEM AUDITS ........................................................................................ HI-1

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PageII. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................................ 11-1

FII-:I,D EQUIPMENT MAINTKNANCI;... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 l-lLAHORATORY iNSTRUMr-NTs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 l-l

12. SPECIFIC ROUTINE PROCEDURES USED TO ASSESS DATA PRECISION, ACCURACY,AND COMPLETENESS................................................................................................................................... 12-1

12.1 FORMULAS... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 -112.2 CONTROL LIMITS.................................................................................................................................. 12-112.3 DoaJMi;NTATI()N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 2-I

13. CORRECTIVE ACTION...................................................................................................................... 13-1

13.1 INITIATION oi : COKRIXTW; ACTION..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-113.2 DOCUM[-NTA-ri()N.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2

14. QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORTS................................................................................................... 14-1

15. REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................ 15-1

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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 4.1TABI .1:4.3TABU-: 6.1TABLE 6.2

i ABLE 8.1TAB].]; 9.1

QA OBJECTIVES TOR PRECISION, ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS, ANDREPORTING LIMITS .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

SAMPLE CONTAINERI/ATION AND HOLDING TIME SPECIFICATIONS ............................................. 4-2

MELD EQUIPMENT CAIJBRATK)N.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2HELD i)i JPLICATI;MEASUREMI- .NTS ............................................................................................. 6-3S U M M A R Y Ol ; INTERNAL Q I J A L I ' I Y CONTROL PROCEDURES ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3RI ; OUIRI ; D LABORATORY DKl 1V1-.RABI.ES .................................................................................... ')-4

LIST OF FIGURES

; ] ( i U R l - 4-1 SAMPLE LAMI- 'L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3K i U R I . 5-1 CHAIN 01- CUSTODY EORM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

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ACRONYM LIST

AAASTM°C

%RecASTMBDLC-calcocDFDQO

ICPLCSMDLMg/LMSMSDNANC/CARNDNISTPMPQLQAQA/QCQAPPQCRFRPDRSDSDLSOPTBDUSLPA

Atomic AbsorptionAmerican Society for Testing and Materialsdegrees Celsiusmicrograms per litermicrograms per kilogramPercent RecoveryAmerican Society for Testing and Materialsbelow detection l imitContinuing calibrationchain-of-custodyDilution Factordata quality objectiveU.S. Environmental Protection Agencydegrees FahrenheitInductively Coupled Plasmalaboratory control sampleMethod Detection LimitMilligrams per litermatrix spikematrix spike duplicateNot ApplicableNon-Conformance/Corrcctive Action Reportnot detectedNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyProject ManagerPractical Quantitation Limitquality assurancequality assurance/quality controlQuality Assurance Project Planquality controlResponse factorrelative percent differenceRelative standard deviationSample Detection LimitStandard Operating ProceduresTo Be DeterminedUnited States Environmental Protection Agency

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

This Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) is an appendix to the Site CharacterizationWork Plan for the Allied-Pulaski Site in Pulaski, Virginia. The QAPP provides laboratoryoperations requirements and methods of quality assurance for site characterization activities.The Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) referenced in this Plan provide detailed informationon structured procedures to he used to conduct the site charactcri/ation.

These data are being collected to support the site charactcri/ation being conducted atthis site. The following sections are included in this QAPP:

• Section 1 - Introduction;• Section 2 - Project Organization and Responsibility;• Section 3 - Quality Assurance Objectives for Measurement Data;• Section 4 - Sampling Procedures;• Section 5 - Sample Custody;• Section 6 - Calibration Procedures and Frequency;• Section 7 - Analytical Procedures;• Section 8 - Internal Quality Control Checks;• Section 9 - Data Reduction, Validation, and Reporting;• Section 10 - Performance and System Audits;• Section 11 - Preventive Maintenance;• Section 12 - Specific Procedures Used to Assess Data Precision, Accuracy and

Completeness;• Section 13 - Corrective Action; and• Section 14 - References.

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1.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE

This QAPP has been prepared by Parsons Engineering Science, Inc. (Parsons) toprovide the information necessary to conduct a site characterization at the Allied-Pulaski Site.Data collected during the site characterization will be used to achieve the following objectives:

• Characterize the extent of lead in site soils;

• Characterize the extent of selected metals in stormwater runoff from the Site;

• Evaluate the demolition debris pile for the presence of garbage bags containingpiping insulation;

• Evaluate potential removal action alternatives; and

• Prepare a Removal Design/Removal Action Work Plan for the Site.

1.3 FACILITY BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Facility background information is provided in Section 3 of the Work Plan, to whichthis QAPP is an appendix.

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2. PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITY

Several organizations will be involved directly in the performance and review of thisproject. These organizations have specific functions and relate to each other in various waysaccording to their project responsibilities. Section 2 of the Work Plan provides a description ofkey organizations and their responsibilities as well as a listing of key contacts.

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3. QUALITY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVESFOR MEASUREMENT DATA

The required quality of the analytical data to be collected is dependent upon the use ofthe data. Data developed during the site characterization will be used to determine the presenceof metals in soils and stormwater runoff at the Site.

3.1 DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES

Analytical data quality is specified in terms of levels defined in the Data QualityObjectives (DQO) Guidance Document (LPA, 1987). Five analytical levels are defined:

• Level I - Field screening using portable instruments. Results are often notcompound specific and not quantitative but results are available in real-time. Itis the least costly of the analytical options.

• Level II - Field analyses using more sophisticated portable analyticalinstruments, such as a portable gas chromatograph. In some cases, theinstruments may be set up in a mobile laboratory on site. A wide range in thequality of data may be attained, depending on the use of suitable calibrationstandards, reference materials, sample preparation equipment, and the training ofthe operator. Results are available in real-time or several hours. The Level IIoperating requirements and quality control (QC) acceptance criteria for on-sitcanalytical methods are less stringent than fixed-laboratory methods to allowrapid screening of a large number of samples.

• Level III - Analyses performed in off-site laboratories. The laboratories may ormay not use contract laboratory program (CLP) procedures, but do not usuallyuse the stringent validation and documentation procedures required of CLPLevel IV analyses. Level III methods are of greater precision and accuracy thancan be achieved by Levels 1 or II.

• Level IV - Analyses performed in off-site laboratories according to CLPprotocols, which require stringent Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)procedures, documentation, and data validation.

• Level V - Analyses by non-standard methods performed in an off-site analyticallaboratory.

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"or this project, the following analytical data quality levels will be utilized;

• Level I - Field measurement of water samples for pH, temperature, andconductivity; and

• Level III - Off-site analysis of soil, water, and investigation-derived wastesamples.

3.2 PROJECT QA OBJECTIVES

The overall quality assurance (QA) objective for this site characterization is to developand implement procedures that will provide data that arc of known, documented, and defensiblequality. QA/QC is ensured through appropriate sample collection, preservation and transportmethods combined with an evaluation of analytical performance through the analysis of QCsamples.

When analytical data fail to meet the required QA objectives, the technical report w i l ldiscuss why the objectives were not met. Two major categories of non-compliance need to beconsidered:

• Requirements that are fu l l y under a laboratory's control; and• Requirements limited by the nature of the sample matrix.

Corrective action for non-compliance that is fully under a laboratory's control (laboratoryblanks, calibration standards, tuning, and laboratory check or control samples) wi l l beaddressed with a thorough reevaluation of the system and all calculations and, where practical,

reanalysis of non-compliant samples. Corrective action for non-compliance that is limited bythe nature of the sample matrix (field blanks, matrix spikes, and duplicates) will be addressedwith a thorough check of the system and all calculations and the attachment of appropriate dataqualifiers to non-compliant data.

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The quality of data generated by sampling, monitoring, and analyses will be evaluatedin terms of accuracy, precision, and completeness as described below and the results of thisevaluation will be included in the site investigation reports. QA objectives for accuracy,precision, and completeness for the required parameters are presented in Table 3.1. Once alaboratory is selected, laboratory-developed control limits for accuracy and precision willsupersede the listed values if they are more stringent than those listed in Table 3.1. Measures toassure that the data are comparable and representative are also described in the followingsubsections.

3.2.1 Accuracy

Accuracy is a measure of the difference between a measured value and the "true" oraccepted reference value. The accuracy of an analytical procedure is determined by the analysisof a sample containing a known quantity (spike) of material. The accuracy of sampling data forthis project will be determined through the use of both matrix and surrogate spikes. Matrixspikes are evaluated by analyzing a normal environmental sample along with a spike of thatsample. In addition to the matrix spike samples, surrogate spikes will be conducted on samplesanalyzed for organic parameters.

The objective for laboratory accuracy is to equal or exceed the accuracy demonstratedfor the analytical method on samples of similar matrix composition and contaminantconcentration. The level of recovery of an analyte and the resulting degree of accuracyexpected for the analysis of QA samples and spiked samples are dependent upon the samplematrix, method of analysis, and the contaminant. The concentration of the analyte relative tothe detection limit of the method is also a major factor in determining the accuracy of the

measurement.

The accuracy of laboratory data will be evaluated by determining the percent recovery(% Rec.) of both matrix and surrogate spike samples. In addition, method (reagent) blanks wi l lbe evaluated to ensure that contamination in the field or laboratory is not introducing asystematic error into the analytical results. The % Rec. for spiked samples is calculated asfollows:

SSR-SR% Rec - ————— x 100%;

SA

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where:

% Rec. = Percent recovery;SSR = Measured concentration in spiked sample;SR = Measured concentration in unspiked sample; andSA = Concentration of spike added to the sample.

In addition to the matrix and surrogate spikes, blank spikes (Laboratory ControlSamples) will be prepared and analyzed by the laboratory. For Laboratory Control Samples,the unspiked sample should be free of analytes (e.g., for blank samples, the SR is /ero), and theaccuracy is thus calculated as follows:

SSR%Rec = ——— x 100%.

SA

Percent recovery guidelines for laboratory analyses are described in Table 3.1 of this QAPP.

Field spiking of environmental samples will not occur, since the laboratory spikingmethods are expected to occur under more controlled conditions and should therefore providemore reliable data than that which could reasonably be implemented in the Held. However,field measurements for parameters such as pll will be assessed for accuracy in the field.Specifically, field instruments will be assessed for accuracy by the response to a known sample(such as a calibration standard). The objective for accuracy of field measurements is to achieveand maintain factory equipment specifications for the field equipment. Field QA objectives foraccuracy are described in Section 6 of this QAPP.

3.2.2 Precision

Precision is an expression of the agreement between multiple measurements of the sameproperty carried out under similar conditions. Precision thus reflects the reproducibility of themeasurement. Precision is evaluated most directly by recording and comparing mult iplemeasurements of the same parameter made on the same sample under similar conditions.

Precision will be expressed in terms of the standard deviation or the relative percentdifference (RPD) between the values resulting from duplicate analyses. RPD is calculated asfollows:

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l v , - v ,RPD = __________ x 100

(V,+V 2) /2where:

RPD = Relative Percent Difference;V i, V2 = The two values obtained by making replicate

measurements or analysing duplicate samples;Vj - V2 = The absolute value of the difference between the

two measurements; and(V| +- V2)/2 = The average value of the two measurements.

Because the concentration of analytes may be below detection limits in manyenvironmental samples, RPD data will be generated by preparing matrix spikes in duplicate.The precision of the analytical method will thus be measured by calculating the RPD betweenthe duplicate spikes, rather than environmental samples. RPD control limits are presented inTable 3.1. For field duplicate samples, the target RPDs are 30% for water samples and 50% forsoil samples.

3.2.3 Completeness

Completeness is a measure of the amount of valid data obtained from the measurementsystem relative to the amount anticipated under ideal conditions. The percent completenesswill be calculated as follows:

NAPC = — x 100:

Niwhere:

PC i= Percent completeness;NA = Actual number of valid environmental sample analyses: andNj = Planned number of environmental sample analyses.

Valid data will be defined as all data and/or qualified data considered to meet the data qualityobjectives for this project. The planned number of analyses may vary from the samplesproposed in the site-specific documents due to site-specific conditions. At the end of the datavalidation process, an assessment of the completeness will be made. If data gaps are apparent.an attempt will be made to collect the required data. A target completeness of 90% for eachanalytical method has been established.

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3.2.4 Comparability

One of the objectives of this QAPP is to ensure that the analytical data are ofcomparable quality both between sample locations and with data from previous studies of thesite. The data collection procedures presented in this QAPP are designed to producecomparable data. To ensure comparable data, standard recognized field and analyticalmethodologies will be followed. Any deviations from prescribed procedures must be approvedby the Parsons PM and the Quality Assurance Officer and noted with the reported data. Theresults will be consistently expressed in commonly used units such as mg/L, \ig/L. mg/kg, andpg/kg. Quality assurance objectives for comparability (i.e., reporting units) are listed in Table

3.2.5 Representativeness

Samples must be representative of the environmental media being sampled. The samplelocations and sampling procedures described in the Work Plan were designed with theconsideration of obtaining samples representative of potentially contaminated areas. Samplehandling and analytical procedures also incorporate consideration of obtaining the mostrepresentative sample possible. Representativeness of specific samples will thus be achievedby the following:

• Collect samples from locations representing the site conditions;• Use approved sampling methodology and equipment;• Use approved sampling procedures, including equipment decontamination;• Use approved analytical methodologies for the parameters while achieving

required detection limits; and• Analy/e within the designated holding times.

Sample representativeness is also affected by the portion of each collected samplewhich is chosen for analysis. The laboratory shall ensure that the samples are adequatelyhomogenized prior to taking aliquots for analysis.

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4. SAMPLING PROCEDURES

4.1 EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES

Equipment decontamination procedures are provided in the FSP (Appendix A).

4.2 WASTE HANDLING

Investigation-derived waste handling procedures are provided in the FSP (Appendix A).

4.3 SAMPLE COLLECTION

Soil and stormwatcr samples will be collected during this project. Sample collectionprocedures are provided in the FSP, Appendix A.

4.4 SAMPLE HANDLING AND SHIPPING

It is important lo use properly cleaned sample containers so that no chemical alterationresults from contact with the sample container. Commercially purchased clean samplecontainers will be provided by the laboratory. A certificate of cleanliness will be maintained bythe laboratory for all purchased sample containers. Bottle cleaning, at a minimum, shall satisfythe criteria specified in HPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWHR)Directive 9240.0-05A, Specifications and Guidance for Contaminant Free Sample Containers.

It is equally important to use preservative reagents that are free of target analytes orother contaminants. The laboratory will maintain documentation attesting to the purity andquality of the reagents being provided.

Table 4.1 lists the types of sample containers, sample volumes, methods of preservation,and holding times for each parameter. Field team members will ship samples directly to thelaboratory at the end of each sampling day, which will enable the laboratory to analyze thesamples within the specified holding times.

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TABLE 4.1SAMPLE CONTAINERIZATION AND HOLDING TIME SPECIFICATIONS

ALLIED-PULASKI SITEPULASKI, VIRGINIA

PARAMETER CONTAINER"2SAMPLE

PRESERVATIONHOLDING

TIME

Soil SamplesMetals 00 g glass Cool to 4"C 80 days

Aqueous SamplesTotal MetalsDissolved Metals

pH/Conductivity/Temperature

500 mL plastic500 mL plastic

Beaker

HNO, topll<2HNO, top i I<2 afterfilteringNA

180 days180 days

Analyze in field

IDW SamplesTCLP MetalsCorrosivity

500 mL plastic Cool to 4°C

500 mL plastic or glass Cool to 4"C

180/180 days -Analyze immediately

\1 All containers must have Teflon-lined lids.,2 Triple volumes w i l l be collected for one in 20 field samples/media for MS/MSD samples.-.3 180 days between sample collection and TCLP extraction, ISO days between TCLP extraction and analysis

NA - Not Applicable

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4.4.1 Sample Labels

All samples obtained at the site will be placed in an appropriate sample container forpreservation and shipment to the designated laboratory. Each sample will be identified with aseparate identification label. The ice chests will be scaled with a custody seal. The labelshould indicate if it is a split sample. The label will document:

• Analyses to be performed;• Sample identification number including project number;• Preservatives used;• Date;• Time fa four-digit number indicating the 24-hour-clock time of collection; for

example, 1430 for 2:30 P.M.); and• Sampler's initials.

Figure 4-1 is an example of the label that will be used for this project.

Figure 4-1. Sample Label.(To be added following selection of laboratory)

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4.4.2 Field Sample Identification

A sample numbering system will be used to identify each sample collected during thefield investigation and for all blank samples. The numbering system will be a trackingmechanism to allow retrieval of information about a particular location and to ensure that eachsample is uniquely numbered. A listing of sample numbers will be maintained by the fieldteam leader. Each sample number will assume the format described in Table 4.3. Themaximum number of characters in a sample name is ten.

Quality control samples will have similar designations along with fictitious samplelocation identification numbers. The field logbook will contain a list matching the qualitycontrol sample with its true location and type. Abbreviations for quality control samples (forthe field logbook) arc the same as those listed above,

The laboratory may not truncate the sample type, location, or depth codes from thesample identification number during data entry because they are essential for the identificationof the sample.

TABLE 4.3SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION NOMENCLATURE

ALLIED-PULASKI SITEPULASKI, VIRGINIA

Project IDLL1

Project ID:

Sample Type:

SampleLLL

Type\i

Al l i ed - Pulask iS i te (AP)

SS -- Surface Soil

Sample LocationNNNV !

DepthN N

SB - Soil BoringSW - Storm water RunoffEB - Equipment BlankFB - Field Blank1DW - Investigation Derived Waste

Sample Location: The first set of numbers describes the sample location referenced to asample location map.

Depth: The second set of numbers indicates the depth of the sample in feet (soil boringsamples only).

.'1 L-Letter12 N '- Number

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4.4.3 Sample Containment and Preservation

Sample containers and preservation are specified in Table 4.1. Sample labels will beaffixed to each container to identify the sample number, collector's name, date, and time ofcollection, location of sampling point, analyses requested, and preservatives added. Clean tapewill be placed over the labels to ensure they adhere and that the information on the labels isprotected.

4.4.4 Sample Packaging and Shipping

After a bottle for a given sample has been filled and labeled, it will be placed in a Zip-Lock™ bag and then into an ice chest. Samples requiring preservation at 4 degrees Celsius (11C)will be immediately covered with ice packs or crushed ice in plastic bags and placed in aseparate ice chest, tiach sample container will be cushioned using bubble wrap or otherpackaging material. Ice chests containing samples will be sealed with a custody seal andshipped to the laboratory by overnight delivery. Daily sample collection activities willterminate in time to ensure overnight delivery.

A completed chain-of-custody (COC) record will accompany each sample shipment toprovide documentation and to trace sample possession. COC procedures are discussed in detailin Section 5.

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5. SAMPLE CUSTODY

5,1 SAMPLE CHAIN - OF - CUSTODY

Sample custody is critical to ensuring the integrity of field sampling and laboratoryanalysis. Appropriate collection, identification, preservation, and shipment procedures must befollowed in the field. All field activities must be documented. Laboratory receipt of samples,proper storage and preservation, holding times, and extraction of samples (if necessary) mustalso be documented.

The sample custody and documentation procedures described in this section will befollowed during sample collection and analysis. Each person involved with sample handling willbe trained in COC procedures prior to implementing the field program. To reduce the chance forerror, the number of field personnel handling the samples will be restricted.

5.1.1 Sample Labels

All samples obtained at the site will be placed in an appropriate sample container forpreservation and shipment to the designated laboratory. Bach sample will be identified with aseparate identification label. The label should indicate if it is a split sample.

5.1.2 Chain-of-Custody Forms

COC forms will be completed for each shipment of samples and for each cooler in ashipment to track the samples and provide a written record of all persons contacting the samples.The COC form will list sample information (sample identification, type, date, and time ofcollection), analyses requested, and the signature of each person receiving and relinquishing thesamples. Figure 5-1 is a sample COC form that will be used for this project.

The "Remarks" column of a COC form is used to record specific conditions associatedwith sample analyses. This information will help the laboratory prescreen the samples tordilution considerations. When transferring samples, the individuals relinquishing and receivingwill sign, date, and note the time on the COC record.

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If samples are split with a facility or government agency, a separate COC record will beprepared for those samples and marked to indicate with whom the samples are being split.

Shipments will be sent by common carrier for overnight delivery, and a bill of ladingwill be prepared. The shipping bill number will be recorded on the COC form. Bills of ladingwill be retained as part of the permanent documentation.

Two copies of the COC record will follow the samples to the laboratory. The laboratorywill maintain one file copy, and the completed original will be returned to the Parsons PM as apart of the final analytical report. This record will be used to document sample custody transferfrom the sampler, to a shipper, and to the laboratory.

5.1.3 Sample Custody in the Field

A sample is under custody of an individual if:

• It is in an individual's actual possession; or• It is in an individual's view, after being in that person's physical possession; or• It was in an individual's physical possession and they locked it up to prevent

tampering; or• It is in a designated and identified secure area.

The following procedures will be used to document, establish, and maintain custody ofthe field samples:

• Sample labels will be completed for each sample using waterprooi" ink, makingsure that the labels are legible and affixed f i rmly to the sample container.

• All sample-related information will be recorded in the Held logbooks.• The field sample custodian will retain custody of the samples unt i l they arc

transferred or properly dispatched.• During and at the end of field work, the field supervisor will determine whether

these procedures have been followed, and if additional work is required.

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5.2 TRANSFER OF CUSTODY AND SHIPMENT

The following procedures will be used in transferring and shipping samples:

• Samples will be accompanied by a COC record at all times. When transferringthe possession of samples from the sampling crew to the laboratory, theindividuals relinquishing and receiving will sign, date, and note the time on therecord. This record documents the transfer of sample custody from the samplerto the laboratory.

• A shipping bill is to be completed and the shipping bill number is to be recordedon the COC record. Samples will be properly packaged for shipment anddispatched to the appropriate laboratory for analysis with a separate signed COCrecord enclosed in each sample box or ice chest. Shipping containers will becustody-sealed for shipment to the laboratory by overnight express.

• If sent by common carrier, a bill of lading will be used. Receipts of bill oflading will be retained as part of the permanent documentation.

5.3 LABORATORY OPERATIONS

The Parsons project task manager or QA officer will notify the laboratory projectmanager of anticipated field sampling activities and the subsequent transfer of samples to thelaboratory. This notification will include information concerning the number and type ofsamples to be shipped as well as the anticipated date of arrival.

5.3.1 Laboratory Custody Procedures

To facilitate sample preparation and analysis wi th in the specified holding times, thelaboratory will track the progress of sample preparation, analysis, and report preparation.Samples received by the laboratory will be checked carefully for label identification, COC, andany discrepancies. The laboratory will also note physical damage, incomplete sample labels,incomplete paperwork, discrepancies between sample labels and paperwork, broken or leakingcontainers, and inappropriate caps or bottles. Cooler temperature will be determined bymeasuring the temperature of a temperature blank sent along with the samples. Thetemperature will be recorded on the COC. A preservation check using pH paper will beperformed at receipt. The laboratory sample custodian will notify the field team leader (and/or

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the task manager) of any problems observed with any of the samples received. Tests will notbe performed on samples whose integrity has been compromised or is suspect.

Laboratory sample custody will be maintained by the following procedure:

1. The laboratory will designate a sample custodian responsible for maintainingcustody of the samples and all associated paperwork documenting that custody.

2. Upon receipt of the samples, the sample custodian will sign the original COCform and compare the analyses requested thereon with the tag on each samplecontainer.

3. A qualitative assessment of each sample container will be performed to note anyanomalies such as broken or leaking bottles, or lack of preservation (e.g., icemelted en route). This assessment will be recorded as part of the incoming COC1

procedure. These steps will be documented on the laboratory's "Cooler ReceiptChecklist." A copy of the checklist will be included in the final data package.

4. If all data and samples arc correct, and there has been no tampering with thecustody seals, the "received by laboratory" box on the COC form will be signedand dated.

5. Care will be exercised to document any labeling or descriptive errors. In theevent of discrepant documentation, breakage, or conditions that couldcompromise the validity of analyses, the laboratory project manager willimmediately contact the Parsons PM or Parsons QA Officer as part of thecorrective action process.

6. Samples will be logged into the laboratory management computer system, whichincludes a tracking system for extraction and analysis dates. The laboratory willassign a laboratory work number to each sample for identification purposes.The sample custodian will log the laboratory work number and the field sampleidentification into a laboratory sample custody log. The laboratory samplecustody log may cither be hard copy or computerized, depending on thelaboratory's system. The samples will be stored in a secured area at atemperature of approximately 4°C {as applicable) until analyses commence. Thelaboratory log should also contain the laboratory storage cooler number (ifapplicable) that the sample will be stored in while on the laboratory's premises.Samples will be logged when they are removed and returned from storage foranalysis.

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7. The samples will be distributed to the appropriate analysts, with names of"individuals who receive samples recorded in internal laboratory records.

8. The original COC form will accompany the laboratory report submitted toParsons and will become a permanent part of the project records.

9. Data generated from the analysis of samples must also be kept under propercustody by the laboratory.

For data that are input by an analyst and processed using a computer, a copy of the inputwill be kept and identified with the project number and other information as needed. If thedata are directly acquired from instrumentation and processed, a permanent copy of theinstrument electronic data will be archived.

Sample custody wi th in the laboratory is maintained by a secure perimeter in which nounauthorized personnel are allowed entry without proper identification (i.e., visitor's badge).

Samples received by the laboratory will be retained until after QA/QC auditing has beenperformed on the analytical results by both the laboratory and Parsons. Sample containers andremaining sample material should be disposed of appropriately when all analyses and relatedQA/QC work are completed. Disposal of the sample w i l l be recorded in the laboratory'ssample tracking system.

5.3.2 Laboratory Sample Identification

The laboratory conducting the analysis of the samples wi l l provide Parsons withinformation on the laboratory sample identification system. With knowledge of this laboratorysample identification system, data generated at the laboratory can be tracked by both thelaboratory and field sample identification systems.

5.3.3 Sample Custody Records

Each sample will be logged into the laboratory system by assigning it a unique samplenumber. This laboratory number and the field sample identification number wi l l be recordedon the laboratory report. Samples will be stored and analyzed according to specified methods.

The laboratory project manager (or designee) will provide the Parsons PM with awritten report upon receipt of samples which includes, as a minimum, laboratory sampleidentification numbers, field identification numbers, condition of samples upon receipt, and the

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projected date of completion of the specified analyses. The laboratory project manager (ordesignee) will notify the Parsons Project QA Officer via telephone as soon as it is discoveredthat any sample will exceed the holding time requirement for extraction or analysis.

5.4 DOCUMENTATION

This section describes the records of field operations that will be maintained by fieldpersonnel. A field logbook will be maintained throughout the field investigation. Methods ofcorrecting documents are also described below.

5.4.1 Field Logbook

The field logbook is the master field investigation document and is a bound book withsequentially numbered pages. Its primary purpose is to contain within one document referencesto field activities which have occurred at the site on any given day. The field logbook shallreference those field equipment logbooks which pertain to site activities. Any administrativeoccurrences, conditions, or activities that have affected the field work will also be recorded.All entries into these logbooks will be signed and dated. Entries in the field logbook willinclude, at a minimum, the following information;

• Sample type and sampling method:

• Location and depth of sample;

• Sample identification number;

• Sample description (e.g., color, odor, clarity);

• Amount of sample;

• Identification of sampling device and conditions that might affect therepresentativeness of a sample;

• Soil boring records; and

• Calibration information (name and identifying number of the instrument, date and timecalibrated, calibration points, identification of calibrator, manufacturer, lot number andexpiration date of calibration standards, and results of calibration).

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Any deviations from established procedures will be documented in the field logbookwith the date, time, reason for deviation, and measures to correct the problem identified.Decontamination and health and safety procedures shall also be documented in the fieldlogbooks.

Any deviations from established procedures will be documented in the daily log withthe date, time, reason for deviation, and measures to correct the problem identified.Decontamination and health and safety procedures shall also be documented in the fieldlogbooks.

5.4.2 Corrections to Documentation

All documents will be completed in permanent, waterproof ink. None of the fielddocuments are to be destroyed or thrown away, even if they are damaged or containinaccuracies that require a replacement document. Corrections to the document will be madeby crossing out mistakes with a single line and then dating and initialing the correction. Theuse of correction fluid is not permissible.

5.4.3 Final Evidence Files

This project will require the administration of a central project file. All field andlaboratory generated data will be kept in this file. Hard copies of all data will be kept inproject-designated files. The data records management protocols will provide adequatecontrols and retention of all materials related to the project. Record control will include receiptfrom external sources, transmittals, transfer to storage and indication of record status. Recordretention will include receipt at storage areas, indexing, filing, storage, maintenance, andretrieval. Project f i l ing procedures are described below.

5.4.6 Record Control

All incoming materials related to the project including sketches, correspondence,authorizations, and logs will be forwarded to the Parsons PM or designated assistant. Thesedocuments will be placed in the project file as soon as is practical. If correspondence is neededfor reference by project personnel, a copy will be made rather than retaining the original. Allrecords shall be legible and easily identifiable. Examples of the types of records that will bemaintained in the project file include:

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• Field documents;• Correspondences:• Photographs;• Laboratory data:• Reports; and• Procurement agreements and contracts.

Outgoing project correspondences and reports will be reviewed and signed by theParsons PM prior to mailing. The office copy of all outgoing documents shall bear distributioninformation.

All laboratory data will be transmitted to the Parsons PM. The Parsons PM willcoordinate all data handling, filing, validation, and reduction efforts. All correspondence andcommunication with the laboratory will be conducted by or coordinated through the ParsonsPM. All project staff having communication with the laboratory will provide a written record.in the form of a memorandum to file or a copy of a letter, to the Parsons PM documenting thecommunication.

PARSONS

PLAWEPA RNAI. QAPI» HOC 5-9

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Final Ailied-Pulaski QAPPSection 5

Revision 0January 2002

6. CALIBRATION PROCEDURES AND FREQUENCY

6.1 CALIBRATION METHODS

Calibration of laboratory equipment will be based on approved written procedures.Records of calibration will be filed and maintained by the designated laboratory personnelperforming QC activities. These records will be filed at the location where the work isperformed and will be subject to QA audit. Table 8.1 summarizes the laboratory calibration,frequency, and corrective action requirements for the methods to be used. Calibrationprocedures for field measurements are presented in 'fable 6.1.

6.2 FIELD MEASUREMENTS

This section identifies the parameters that will be measured in the field. Fieldequipment calibration and maintenance are discussed. Only those instruments used for fieldmeasurements are described in this section. Geotechnical field measurements will be discussedin the final QAPP. The following parameters will be measured in the field with the specifiedinstruments:

• pH - pH meter;• Conductivity - specific conductance meter; and• Temperature - temperature probe on pH meter.

6.2.1 Equipment Calibration

Each instrument will be calibrated following the specific manufacturer'srecommendations. Table 6.1 describes field equipment calibration procedures. The acceptancecriteria as well as corrective actions are also described. Distances will either be estimated by awalkover or step method (± 30 feet), estimated with a tape measure (± 5 feet), or surveyed.

6.2.2 Field Duplicate Measurements

Duplicate measurements of pH, temperature and conductivity will be taken at afrequency of 1 in 10 samples (see Table 6.2).

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Final Allied-Pulaski QAPPSection 7

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7. ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES

7.1 LABORATORY METHODS

The analytical procedures presented in Section 7.2 will be utilized by the laboratory toanalyze samples for this project.

7.2 IDENTIFICATION OF METHODS

Analytical procedures will follow established Hnvironmental Protection Agencymethods. The following standard analytical methods will be used in this project:

'SW methods - Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste.Physical and Chemical Methods, SW846,3rd Edition (USEPA, 1986 as amendedthrough 1997)

Any modifications to a standard method are described below. Conductivity, pi I, andtemperature will be measured for stormwater runoff in the field.

7.2.2 SW-846 Method 7420

Lead will be analyzed in site soils and stormwater runoff by flame atomic absorption(AA) using Method 7420. Flame AA methods are amenable to the analysis of an individualmetal in environmental samples.

7.2.3 SW-846 Method 6010

All other metals will be analyzed in stormwater runoff samples and IDW samples byinductively coupled plasma (1CP) using Method 601 OB. This method is amenable to analysisof multiple metals in a single sample. This method will be used for the analysis of: aluminum,cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, nickel, selenium, and zinc.

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7.2.4 SW-846 Method 9045C

The corrosivity (pH) of IDW samples will be determined using Method 9045C.

7.3 DETECTION AND QUANTITATION LIMITS

This section describes the terminology, procedures, and laboratory established valuesfor detection and quantitation limits.

7.3.1 Terminology

Definitions for method detection limits, sample detection limits, practical quantitalionlimits, and project reporting limits are described below.

7.3.1.1 Method Detection Limit

The method detection limit (MDL) is the measured concentration level using a specificmethod at which a specific analyte in a sample matrix can be reported as being present with aconfidence level of 99 percent.

7.3.1.2 Sample Detection Limit

Sample detection limits (SDL) arc defined as the MDL multiplied by the dilution factorrequired to analyze the sample, and corrected for moisture or sample si/e. Procedures fordetermining MDI.s and SDI.s are described in Section 7.3.2.2.

7.3.1.3 Practical Quantitation Limit

The practical quantitation l imit (PQL) is used to express the lowest concentration of asubstance that can be determined within the accuracy and precision limits established lor themethod. This value is based upon the MDL with allowance for the relative instrument errorinherent in the analysis method. The actual values obtainable for environmental samples arcsubject to corrections for matrix effects and moisture content of soil samples.

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7.3.2 Procedures

Methods of calculating MDLs and SDLs are summarized below.

7.3.2.1 Method Detection Limits

The MDL determinations are performed semi-annually, quarterly, or annually,depending on the method. Seven replicates are prepared by spiking distilled, deioni/ed, organicfree water or a purified solid matrix with a concentration at or near the estimated MDL level ofan analyte. The replicates are then analyzed on non-consecutive days on the same instrument.The test measurement's standard deviation is then determined.

The standard deviation is multiplied by the student's t-distribution that corresponds to a99 percent confidence level. For the case of seven replicates, there are six degrees of freedom.so the student's t-distribution is 3.143. The resulting value is considered to be the MD1, for theanalyte.

7.3.2.2 Sample Detection Limits

SDLs will be established as follows for all water samples:

SDL = MDL x OF

where:SDL = sample detection limitMDL = method detection limitDF = dilution factor (= 1 for no dilution)

For soil samples requiring a conversion to a dry weight basis, the following calculationswill be made:

( M D L x D F ) l O O100 - %M

where:SDL = sample detection limitMDL = method detection limitDF = dilution factor (= 1 for no dilution)%M = percent moisture

Soil samples may also be corrected for actual sample quantity analyzed. These adjustmentswill be made internally by the laboratories.

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8. INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS

This section describes the field QA/QC program, including control parameters, controllimits, and corrective actions.

8.1 INTERNAL FIELD QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS

Field QA/QC involves the collection of Held QC samples, as well as control of fieldoperations, sampling, and measurements as described in the following paragraphs.

8.1.1 Field PC Samples

Four types of field QC samples will be collected: field duplicate samples, field blanksamples, equipment blank samples, and matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate (MS/MSD)samples. Descriptions of each sample type, as well as the frequency of collection, aresummarized in the following sections. Lab QC samples are described in Section 8.2.

8.1.1.1 Field Duplicate Samples

Duplicate samples are duplicates submitted to the laboratory for the purpose ofassessing precision of the sampling process. Field duplicates will be identified so thatlaboratory personnel arc unable to distinguish them from normal samples. Field duplicates willbe collected at a frequency of 10% of the total number of samples per matrix for each analyticalmethod. Duplicate samples will be analyzed for the same parameters as the correspondingprimary sample.

8.1.1.2 Field Blank Samples

Field blank samples will be submitted to the laboratory for the purposes of assessing thepotential of cross contamination of the samples as a result of field conditions. One field blanksample will be collected for each sampling event for each analytical method. The field blankswill be deioni/ed, distilled water for aqueous samples and a purified solid matrix for soilsamples.

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8.1.1.3 Equipment Blank Samples

Equipment blank samples are collected to detect contamination of environmentalsamples due to the sampling equipment used. Equipment blanks will be collected at afrequency of 10% of the total number of samples per matrix for each analytical method. Theequipment blanks will be deionized, distilled water for aqueous sampling equipment and apurified solid matrix for soil sampling equipment. Equipment blank samples will be analyzedfor the same parameters as the primary samples.

8.1.1.4 Matrix Spikes/Matrix Spike Duplicates

For internal laboratory control, analysis of matrix spike (MS) and matrix spikeduplicates (MSDs) will be performed. MS/MSD samples wil l be collected for one sample outof every group of 20. Lab matrix spike samples are designed to check the accuracy of theanalytical procedures by analyzing a normal sample with a known amount of analyte added inthe lab. Lab matrix spike duplicates are the second of a pair of lab matrix spike samples. Thematrix spike duplicates are designed to check the precision and accuracy of analyticalprocedures by analyzing a normal sample with an amount of analyte added. MS/MSD samplesare discussed in greater detail in paragraph 8.2.3 and Section 8 of the QAPP.

8.2 INTERNAL LABORATORY QC CHECKS

The following sections describe the requirements for internal laboratory QC checks.Table 8.1 summarizes the types of laboratory QC samples required, acceptable criteria andcorrective actions.

8.2.1 Method Blank

Lab blank samples {also referred to as method blanks) are designed to detectcontamination of the environmental samples that may have occurred in the laboratory. Methodblanks verify that method interferences caused by contaminants in solvents, reagents, glasswareor in other sample processing hardware are known and minimized. The blank shall bedeionized, distilled water for aqueous samples and a purified solid matrix for soil samples. Ablank will be analyzed with each group of less than or equal to 20 samples. The concentration

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Revision 0January 2002

of target compounds in the blanks must be less than or equal to the project reporting levels. Anexception is made for common laboratory contaminants, for which a control limit of three timesthe project reporting level is used. If the blank is not under the specified limits, then the sourceof contamination will be identified and corrective action taken, including reanalysis of thesample group.

8.2.2 Lab Replicates

Lab replicates will not be conducted. Lab replicates involve splitting a sample in thelaboratory in order to cheek the precision of analytical results. Because most environmentalsamples are expected to be below detection limits, the precision cannot be evaluated on suchsamples. As a result, matrix spike and matrix spike duplicates will be used instead to evaluatethe precision of analytical results.

8.2.3 Matrix Spike/Matrix Spike Duplicate

Lab matrix spike samples and laboratory control samples are designed to check theaccuracy of the analytical procedures by analyzing a normal sample with a known amount ofanalyte added in the lab. Lab matrix spike duplicates are the second of a pair of lab matrixspike samples. The matrix spike duplicates arc designed to check the precision and accuracy ofanalytical procedures by analyzing a normal sample with a known amount of analyte added.

In order to evaluate the effect of the sample matrix on analytical data, triplicate volumeis collected for one sample out of every group of 20. Two portions of the sample (the matrixspike [MS] and the matrix spike duplicate |MSDj) are spiked with a standard solution. Thesespiked samples arc analyzed, and the percent recovery and relative percent difference arecalculated. The results of the analysis are used to determine accuracy and precision, Heldblanks or duplicates are not to be used as matrix spike/matrix spike duplicates.

The results of the analysis of the matrix spike and duplicate spikes are reviewed. Thisinformation will be utilized to update the control chart. If the matrix spike and matrix spikeduplicate results are out of compliance, corrective actions will be instituted. If a QA/QCproblem is determined to exist based on the results of matrix spike and matrix spike duplicatesamples, the results of laboratory control samples will be reported.

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8.2.4 Laboratory Control Samples

Laboratory control samples (LCS) include blank spikes and blank spike duplicates.Blank spikes are designed to check the accuracy of the analytical procedure by measuring aknown concentration of an analyte of interest. The blank spike duplicate is the second of a pairof blank spike samples. The blank spike duplicate is designed to check the precision andaccuracy of the analytical procedures by measuring a known concentration of an analyte ofinterest in the pair of blank spikes.

In order to prepare blank spikes or blank spike duplicates, clean laboratory simulatedmatrices (laboratory water or purified solid matrix) are spiked with representative analytes atlevels described by the methods. Corrective actions will be taken and documented when LCSoutliers occur.

8.2.5 Surrogate Spike Analysis

Surrogate spike analyses are used to determine the efficiency of recovery of analytes inthe sample preparations and analyses. All GC and/or GC/MS samples (including lab/methodblanks, matrix spikes, matrix spike duplicates, normal environmental samples, etc.) are fortifiedwith surrogate spiking compounds before purging or extraction. Recoveries will be reported,and, if out of compliance, corrective actions and reanalysis will occur.

PARSONS

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9. DATA REDUCTION, VALIDATION, AND REPORTING

9.1 LABORATORY DATA REDUCTION

The first step in laboratory data reduction is data processing. In general, data will heprocessed by an analyst in one or more of the following ways:

• Manual calculations of instrument calibration and sample results (typicallyperformed on method-specific bench sheets);

• Manual input of raw data for subsequent computer processing; and/or• Direct acquisition and processing of raw data by a computer.

No matter how data processing is done, sufficient documentation will be presented to allowanother analyst to review and check the work.

Raw data are entered in bound laboratory logbooks. A separate book will be maintainedfor each analytical procedure. The data entered are sufficient to document all factors used toarrive at the reported value for each sample. Calculations may include factors such as sampledilution ratios or conversion to dry-weight basis for soil samples. Instrument chart recordingsand computer printouts or calculator printouts are labeled and attached in the bound logbook totheir respective pages or are cross-referenced and stored in the project file.

All calculations will be checked by the analyst prior to reporting the results. Inaddition, the analyst's supervisor will check a minimum of 10% of all calculations from the rawdata to final value stages prior to releasing the analytical report for a group of samples.

9.1.1 Review of Laboratory Data

All laboratory data will be reviewed both by the laboratory and by Parsons personnel.At a minimum, the review of laboratory data will focus on the following subjects:

• COC forms;

• Cooler receipt forms;• Holding times;• Method calibration limits;

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• Method blanks;• Laboratory-established detection limits;• Analytical batch control records including spike recoveries and spike duplicate

results;• Corrective actions;• Formulas used for analyte quantitation;• Calculations supporting analyte quantitation; and• Completeness of data.

If the data are directly acquired from instrumentation and processed, the analyst wi l lverify that the following are correct:

• Project and sample numbers;• Calibration constants and response factors;• Output parameters such as units of measurement; and• Numerical values used for reporting limits if a value is reported as "less than"

(<), "below detection limit "(BDL) or "not detected "(ND).

Detection and control limits wi l l be verified. Any control limits outside of theacceptable range specified in the analytical methods will be identified. Any trends or problemswith the data will be evaluated. Any laboratory established reporting limits that exceed theestablished limits in this QAPP will be identified. The absence of records supporting theestablishment of control criteria and detection limits will also be noted. Analytical batch QC.calibration check samples, method calibrations, continuing calibration verifications, correctiveaction reports, the results of reanalysis, sample holding times, sample preservations, and anyresampling and analysis will all be evaluated.

Samples associated with out-of-control QC data will be identified in the technicalreport, and an assessment of the utility of such analytical results will be made. The check oflaboratory data completeness will ensure that:

• All samples and analyses specified in work plans have been processed;• Complete records exist for each analysis and the associated QC samples;• Procedures specified in this QAPP have been implemented; and• The results of the completeness check will be documented.

__________________________________________________________PARSONS

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An analyst (laboratory review analyst), other than the original data processor, will beresponsible for reviewing all steps of the data processing. All input parameters, calibrations,and transcriptions will be checked. At least 10% of all calculations will be checked. If errorsare found during the 10% check, 100% of any related calculations will be checked. Allcomputer-processed data will have the manually input data checked. Each page of checkeddata will be signed and dated by the verifier.

QC sample results (LCSs, MS/MSDs, field duplicates, surrogates, initial calibrationstandards, and continuing calibration standards, etc.) are compared against slated criteria foraccuracy and precision. QC data must meet acceptance levels prior to processing the analyticaldata. If QC standards arc not met, the cause will be determined. If the cause can be correctedwithout affecting the integrity of the analytical data, processing of the data will proceed. If theresolution jeopardizes the integrity of the data, reanalysis will occur. If the reanalysis docs notresolve the conformancc problem, the results of the reanalysis run will be flagged asappropriate to indicate "not within control limits" when reported in the data package.Reporting flags are presented in Section 9.2 along with the data validation qualifiers that are tobe used during the validation process.

9.1.2 Laboratory Data Validation and Reporting

All analytical data will be verified prior to being released by the laboratory. Laboratorydata verification will consist of reviewing the data for both editorial and technical validity. Hieeditorial review consists of a check for typographical, transposition, and omission errors. Thisreview also includes a proofreading of any text which may accompany the data. The technicalreview consists of a check to see that all precision, accuracy, and detection limit requirementshave been met.

Reporting of analytical results for this project will include environmental and QCsample analysis data in hard copy format, as well as a computer disk containing the data. Thelaboratory reporting system will be implemented and tested prior to beginning the sampling.Any problems detected in either format or reporting procedure will be corrected prior loaccepting the electronic delivcrables. Laboratory deliverables are described in Table 9.1.

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TABLE 9.1REQUIRED LABORATORY DELIVERABLES

ALLIED-PULASKI SITEPULASKI, VIRGINIA

Method Requirements

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

„

Project identification

Field sample number

Laboratory sample number

Sample matrix description

Date of sample collection

Date of sample receipt at laboratory

Analytical method descriptionand reference citation

Dates of sample preparation and

Laboratory Deliverable*

Case narrative

Signed COC forms

Signed COC forms

Signed COC forms

Signed COC forms

Signed COC forms

Case narrative

Specific deliverable depends

Level III

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yesanalysis (including first run andsubsequent runs)

Quantitation l imits achieved

Dilution or concentration factors

BCHTEST and BCHRES files

Discussion of unusual circumstancesor problems

LCS results

Preparation and analysis logs

Sample results

Laboratory control sample

Method blank results

In i t i a l Calibration results

Continuing Calibration check

Spike/spike duplicate results

upon type of analysis(see below)

Specific deliverable dependsupon type of analysis (see below)

Specific deliverable dependsupon type of analysis (see below)

Yes

Yes

ERP1MS format computer diskettes Yes

Case narrative Yes

LCS % Recovery form

No format

No format

Control chart

No format

No format

No format. Report percentrelative standard deviationor percent differencefrom in i t i a l calibration

No format

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

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All of the analytical hard copy reports (all reports for Level III data} will contain thefollowing items:

• Case narrative;• Copy of signed COC;• Cooler receipt forms documenting the date, time of receipt, condition of samples

and labels, temperature of the temperature blank, verification of integrity of thecustody seals, and verification of the pH of those samples preserved with acids orbases;

• Laboratory name;• Client name;• Date of sample collection;• Date of issue;• Project identification;• Field sample number;• Laboratory sample number;• Sample matrix description;• Analytical method description and reference citation;• Individual parameter results (including a separate data summary report for each

second column analysis);• Date of analysis (extraction initiated and completed, first run, subsequent runs);• Reporting limits achieved;• Concentration units;• Any special conditions;• Dilution or concentration factors; if dilutions result in nondetect values for all other

analytes which showed detected concentrations in previous analyses, the results ofboth runs will be reported with the appropriate notations in the narrative;

• A cross-reference to identify laboratory QC samples with field samples;• Corresponding QC summary report (see Table 9.1)• QC data are recorded on CLP equivalent QC summary forms for the appropriate

tests and correlated to the analysis results by the laboratory lot control numbers.The QC results are used to prepare control charts for each test and matrix type.

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• QC reports will contain the following items as appropriate:

- Narrative describing any non-compliant samples;- Initial and continuing calibration results;- Method blank;- Surrogate results;- LCS results;- MS/MSD results; and- Tuning results.

The QC report will be submitted with the analytical results report. QC acceptance criteria mustappear on the respective report forms.

The moisture content for each soil/sediment sample will be reported. All soil resultswill be reported on a dry weight basis.

9.1.2.1 Electronic Data Deliverabies

An electronic data deliverable will also be submitted along with the hard copy of theanalytical data. The information stored on diskette must be consistent with the analytical dataand must include both sample data and QA/QC data. Hard copy printout of the diskdeliverables shall also be submitted. The format of the LDD will be established with theselected laboratory.

9.J.3 Parsons Data Validation and Reporting

Analytical data will be reviewed and validated by Parsons in accordance with themethod-specific QA/QC requirements. Parsons validation will be equivalent to HPA Level 111data validation.

For CLP-equivalent analysis reports, EPA-defmed data qualifiers are required and willbe used in data reports for this project. Data will be flagged both in laboratory reports as wellas during the data validation process. The following describes the laboratory reporting flagsand the data validation qualifiers to be used. Laboratory flags for will be established as in thefollowing subsection.

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9.2 DATA QUALIFIERS

9.2.1 Inorganic Data Validation Qualifiers

For the purposes of this document, the following code letters and associated definitions

are provided for inorganic data:

U The material was analyzed for, but was not detected above the level of theassociated value. The associated value is the MDL (i.e., the nondetect limit).

J The associated value is an estimated quantity (e.g., the value falls between theMDL and PQL). A subscript may be appended to the "J" to indicate which ofthe following QC criteria were not met:

1. Blank contamination. Indicates possible high bias and/or falsepositives; or

2. Calibration range exceeded. Indicates possible low bias; or3. Holding time exceeded. Bias is dependent on the analyte of concern

and the sample preservation used; or4. A confirmation analysis was missing or QC criteria were not met for

the confirmation analysis; or5. Value falls between the MDL and PQL.

R The data are unusable (Note: Analyte may or may not be present).UJ The material was analyzed for but was not detected. The associated value is an

estimate and may be inaccurate or imprecise.

Parsons will continually review all laboratory data packages for any QA problems. Thisreview will be a continuous process in which QA problems are identified immediately and theappropriate corrective action will be implemented. Any reports that are rejected as incompleteor in error will be returned to the laboratory for correction. The laboratory will submit arevised, corrected report within 2 weeks of notification of a rejected report.

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A QA report will be prepared for the Parsons PM by the Parsons Project QA/QC Officerupon receipt of all QC data from the laboratory. The report will be a summary of QC results ofthe analytical work conducted and will assess the quality of the data. The QA summary reportwill also list laboratory control limits and discuss the corrective actions taken wheneverlaboratory control limits are exceeded. The report will be included as part of the final projectreport.

PARSONS

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10. PERFORMANCE AND SYSTEM AUDITS

All information produced or obtained in the course of field and laboratory activitiesunder this program must be reliable, gathered with the appropriate attention to detail, andmaintained with full integrity. The data validator manager will be responsible for monitoringand auditing the performance of all activities to ensure that the information gathered conformsto the desired and expected levels of quality.

The analytical laboratory to be used for this project has or will be pre-qualified byHoneywell and therefore, a laboratory audit will not required.

PARSONS

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11. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE

11.1 FIELD EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE

Equipment maintenance and repair will be performed as required for each instrument.Preventive maintenance for all equipment includes inspection before use, cleaning as necessaryduring use, and thorough cleaning and inspection after use. Rechargeable batteries are checkedbefore use and recharged after use. For equipment using disposable batteries, replacementbatteries will always be stocked. Maintenance and repairs will also occur when correctiveaction needs are identified. If the instrument cannot be repaired (or recalibrated), theinstrument will be replaced.

11.2 LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS

Syringes used to inject unknown samples will be decontaminated prior to each use byrinsing with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) grade water, followed by asolvent rinse, and finally by Hushing them with an ample supply of ultra zero carrier gas.

Laboratory analytical instruments are serviced at intervals recommended by themanufacturer. An instrument repair maintenance logbook is kept for each instrument. Alllogbooks shall be kept in an easily accessible location for ready reference by the laboratoryanalysts using the instrument. Entries include the date of service, type of problem encountered,corrective action taken, and initials and affiliation of the person providing the service.

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12. SPECIFIC ROUTINE PROCEDURES USED TO ASSESS DATAPRECISION, ACCURACY, AND COMPLETENESS

12.1 FORMULAS

Formulas used to calculate precision, accuracy and completeness arc presented inSection 3 of this QAPP.

12.2 CONTROL LIMITS

Tentative control l imi ts for laboratory accuracy are presented in Section 3 of" this QAPP.

12.3 DOCUMENTATION

The laboratory QC coordinators and project QA officer arc responsible for documentingall out-of-control parameters and non-conformances with QA protocols. Quality assurancereports associated with documenting QA/QC activities are described in Section 13 of thisQAPP.

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13. CORRECTIVE ACTION

The following procedures have been established to ensure that conditions adverse toquality (e.g., malfunctions, deficiencies, deviations, and errors) are promptly investigated.documented, evaluated, and corrected.

13.1 INITIATION OF CORRECTIVE ACTION

When a significant condition adverse to quality is noted, the cause of the condition willbe determined and corrective action taken to prevent repetition. Condition identification, cause,reference documents, and corrective action planned to be taken will be documented andreported to the Parsons PM, Parsons Project QA/QC Officer, or laboratory QC coordinator.The Parsons Project QA/QC Officer and laboratory QC coordinator are responsible fornotifying the Parsons PM immediately upon identifying any significant QA/QC issuesrequiring corrective action.

The Parsons PM, Parsons Project QA/QC Officer, and laboratory QC coordinator shallensure that involved field team leaders, field team members, and/or subcontractors are informedof any QA/QC issues affecting their work. The senior individual in charge of the activity foundto be deficient will initiate corrective action. The Parsons PM, Parsons Project QA/QC Officer,or laboratory QC coordinator will approve such corrective actions. Following implementationof corrective action, the senior individual in charge will report actions taken and results to theParsons PM and Parsons Project QA/QC Officer. A record of the action taken and results willbe included in the project file.

Implementation of corrective action is verified by documented follow-up action. Allproject personnel have the responsibility, as part of the normal work duties, to identify, report,and solicit approval of corrective actions for conditions adverse to quality.

Corrective actions shall be initiated in the following instances:

• When predetermined acceptance criteria are not attained (objectives forprecision, accuracy, and completeness);

• When the prescribed procedure, or any data compiled are faulty;

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• When equipment or instrumentation is determined to be faulty;• When the traceability of samples, standards, or analysis results are questionable;• When quality assurance requirements have been violated;• When designated approvals have been circumvented;• As a result of systems or performance audits;• As a result of a management assessment;• As a result of intralaboratory or interlaboratory comparison studies; and• At any other instance of conditions significantly adverse to quality.

Project management and staff, such as Held investigation teams, QA auditors, documentand sample control personnel, and laboratory groups, monitor work performance in the normalcourse of daily responsibilities.

Finding and correcting sampling and analytical problems are the responsibility of allproject personnel. Many out-of-control events do not require the immediate action ofmanagement; however, it is important to document these occurrences and to take correctiveaction. The re-establishment of in-conlrol status of the system must also be documented. Forexample, if a field team member discovers that a pH probe is not properly calibrated, themember may simply recalibrate the instrument and note the original out-of-control response.The results of the rccalibration shall also be noted. Appropriate management personnel will benotified of these occurrences. For example, the field team leader may be notified of the pi Imeter event, in order to determine if other locations at the site should be re-analyzed for pi I.All personnel will be made aware of the need to report and to correct problems promptly.

13.2 DOCUMENTATION

The Parsons Project QA/QC Officer and laboratory QC coordinator arc responsible fordocumenting all out-of-control events or non-conformances with QA protocols. Thelaboratories shall notify the Parsons PM or Parsons Project QA/QC Officer of any laboratoryQA/QC non-conformances upon their discovery. Copies of all field change requests andcorrective action forms shall be maintained in the project files.

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14. QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORTS

An out-of-control event is any situation which does not conform to the requirements ofan SOP, method, contract, QA Plan, regulations, etc. The laboratory shall provide a writtenNon-Conformance/Corrective Action Report (NC/CAR), or equivalent, identifying any out-of-control events in which the corrective action followed differed from the corrective actionspecified in this QAPP and the standard method. The laboratory wi l l contact Parsons prior totaking such a corrective action. Out-of-control events which were corrected by following thecorrective action described in this QAPP and the standard method will be documented in thelaboratory's computer tracking system. All out-of-control events w i l l be discussed in the casenarrative. In sample receiving, the cooler receipt form is used in place of the NC/CAR.

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15. REFERENCES

United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1986. Test Methods for Evaluating SolidWaste, Volumes 1A-1C: Laboratory Manual, Physical/Chemical Methods, SW-846,Third Edition. Office of Solids Waste, EPA, Document Control No. 955-001-00000-1.As updated through December 1997.

United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1987. Data Quality Objectives for RemedialResponse Activities. EPA/540/P-87/00. March.

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